自編大一Unit1市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

ZoomingIn:AnIntegratedEnglishCourse新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語1外國語學(xué)院英語第一教研室厚德博學(xué)筑基建業(yè)

1/115Unit1LearningaLanguage

TextALearningaLanguage

2/115CONTENTSBeforeReadingQuotesLead-inAfterReadingUsefulExpressionsDetailedReadingTextTranslationCarefulReadingKeyWordsFastReadingTranslationExercisesWarm-upVideo3/115Watch

thevideoclip

andgiveyouraccountofit.

LearnForeignLanguage.flv4/1153.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

4.Whydidthefishmakesuchasound?

Questionsonthevideo5.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?2.Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?5/115Inthisvideowecanseeabeautifulgoldenfishwasswimmingleisurelyandcarefree.Suddenly,afatcatcameup.Whenthecatwasabouttohavethefishasitsdinner,thesmartfishscareditaway.1.Whatdidyouseefromthevideo?

Questionsonthevideo6/115Thebackgroundmusicsoundsdangerous.2.

Whatdoesthebackgroundmusicsoundlike?

Questionsonthevideo7/115Itjustimitatedadog’svoice.

2.Whatsounddidthegoldenfishmakeout?

Questionsonthevideo8/115Becausedogsarecats’naturalenemies.AccordingtosomeChinesetalescatsarereallyafraidofdogs.3.Whydidthefishimitateadog’svoice?

Questionsonthevideo9/115Thisvideoimpliesthatknowingaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.Itevencansaveyourlifewhenyouareindanger.AnothergoodexampleisthatYangZirongsoonwontheconfidenceofZuoShandiaobybeingabletotalkintheirjargon.4.Whatdoesthisvideoimply?

Questionsonthevideo10/115IfYouDon’tWanttoLoseit,UseIt!

Languageexertshiddenpower,likethemoononthetides.——RitaMaeBrown(AnAmericanwomennovelist)假如不想忘記，就使用它。

Quotes語言有種隱含力量，如同月亮作用于潮汐。11/115Whoeverisnotacquaintedwith

foreignlanguagesknowsnothingofhisown.

——Goethe

不論是誰，不熟悉外語，就對自己語言一無所知。

Quotes12/115QuotesLanguageisnotanabstractconstruction

ofthelearned,orofdictionary-makers,butissomethingarisingoutof

thework,needs,ties,joys,affections,tastesoflonggenerationsofhumanity,andhasitsbasesbroadandlow,closetotheground.—WaltWhitman

語言并非是學(xué)者和詞典編寫者構(gòu)建抽象概念，而是源于人類長久以來工作、需求、人際交流、幸福和情感以及品味，有著貼近民眾廣泛并穩(wěn)固基礎(chǔ)。

——沃爾特惠特曼

13/115

Ihaven’tconqueredSpanishyet.I’mlearningandunderstandwhat’ssaidduringtraining.I’mprogressinglittlebylittle.Spanishisverydifficultforme,althoughIamgettingusedtoit.I’mmakinganeffort.It’scomplicated.ButifIcanconquerSpanish,itwillhavebeenagreatachievement.——DavidBeckham

我還沒征服西班牙語。我在學(xué)，訓(xùn)練中也能聽懂。我在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地進(jìn)步。西班牙語對我來說極難，但我在漸漸適應(yīng)。我在努力。西班牙語極難學(xué)。不過，一旦我征服了西班牙語，那將是一個了不起成就。Quotes14/115Beforereading15/115BeforereadingEnglishlearningisveryimportant,butit’snoteasy!That’swhywehavetoputsomuchtimeonEnglishlearningfromourprimaryschooltouniversity.However,someadsaroundusareclaiminglikethis:16/115Youlearnedyourfirstlanguageinbetween10,000and30,000hoursbutyouwereunconsciousmuchofthetime.WiththeSmith

approach,youcannowlearneachofyournextlanguagesinonly15hours.Maybeyou’vealreadytriedtolearnalanguagebutrealizeditwasallinvain.Don’tgiveup.It’stimetochangeyourapproach!Inonlythirtydays,you’lllearntospeakEnglishorwe’llrefundyourmoney.Youdon’thaveanythingtolose...YoucanstarttospeakEnglishnow!Advertisement17/115ForYourEarsOnly

Learnlikeaspy!Smithcourseshelppeoplewhoneedtolearnanotherlanguagequickly.Ourcoursesspent40yearsdevelopingandarenowusedbythebusinessprofessionalseverywhere.StartspeakingEnglishin30daysorreceiveafullandcourteousrefund.Youhavenothingtoloose!YoureallycanlearneverythingyouneedtospeakEnglishfluentlyinonly15hours!Numerousstudieshaverevealedthatineverycountry,nativespeakersuseonlyabout2,500distinctwordsandphrasesonadailybasis.Dr.Smithspenthislifetimestudyingtheselanguagebuildingblocks.WiththeSmithapproach,it’snothowmanywordsyouknow,butrather,whichwordsyoucanuse.Byaimingeachlessonatteachingyoutousethose2,500words,theSmithapproachteachesyoutospeakthemostEnglishintheleastamountoftime.18/115TolearnEnglishwell,you’dbetter...BeforereadingTipsforBeginners1Listentotheradio2WatchEnglishTVprogrammes3TalktoyourselfinEnglish4Recordyourownvoice5Readsomethingeveryday6Recordvocabularyinapersonaldictionary7AlwayshaveanEnglish-Englishdictionarynearby8Readattheappropriatelevel9Keepadiary/journal10Listentoautomatedansweringmachinerecordings19/115BeforereadingDon’talwayshaveapeninhand.Sometimesithelpstojustlisten.Children’sprogrammingisveryusefulforESLlearners.RememberthatmuchofwhatyouhearonTVisslang.Talkaboutanythingandeverything.Doitintheprivacyofyourownhome.Ifyoucan’tdothisatfirst,tryreadingoutlouduntilyoufeelcomfortablehearingyourownvoiceinEnglish.20/115Thismightfeelveryuncomfortable,butitwillhelpyoufindyourweakpointsinpronunciation.Listentoyourselfafewdayslater.Whichsoundsdoyouhavedifficultyhearing?BeforereadingChildren’sbooks,simplifiedreaders,newspapers,magazines,Internetsites,novels,andmuchmuchmore...Keepthisseparatefromothernotebooks.Writesamplesentencesforyourselfandreviewyourpersonaldictionaryeverynightbeforebed.21/115BeforereadingYouwanttolearnnewvocabulary,butyoualsowanttounderstandwhatyouarereading.Ifyouarelookingupeveryword,thereadingistoodifficult.Don’talwayspayattentiontogrammar.Free-writingcanbeveryuseful.Itcanshowyouthatwritingisfun.Havefunwiththelanguage.22/115ALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionTextA23/115AsEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguageandthusausefultoolforpeopleintheworldtocommunicatewithoneanother,moreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.Andtheynaturallyhopethattheycanbecomecompetentusersofthislanguagewithintheshortestpossibletime.Butarethereeasier,quickerwaystomasterEnglish?Readthefollowingessayandseewhatalanguageteacherhastosay.Lead-in24/115ScanPara.1andfocusonthefollowingquestions.WhatdoadvertisementsforEnglishlearningalwaysclaim?Fast-reading2.WhydothoseadsalsorefertofamouswriterslikeWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickens?3.Whatisthewriter’sresponsetosuchads?Tips25/115ReferenceanswerstothequestionsonPara.11.TheyalwaysclaimthatitiseasytolearnEnglish;itneithertakesmuchtimenoreffort.Fast-reading2.BothWilliamShakespeareandCharlesDickensweregreatwritersandareconsideredasgreatmastersoftheEnglishlanguage.TheadsintendtousethetwoBritishwriterstoencouragestudentstojointheminlearningEnglishsothattheycouldmakemoremoney.3.It’simpossibletolearnEnglishwellinashorttime;Manypeoplemustbelievetheseads.26/115Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.22.DoestheauthorfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthateveryteacherhashisorherownwayofteachingEnglish?IsthereaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation?No.Thereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers.2.No.Theauthorrecognizesthefactbutdoesnotfeelhappyaboutitbecausehethinkssimplypointingoutthefactdoesnothelpstudentsmuch.27/115Whatarethetwoextremesconcerningthebeliefsoflanguagelearning?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.32.Doesthewritersupporttheideathatalanguageisbestlearnedwhereitisspoken?Doyouagreewiththewriter?Somebelievethattheonlywaytolearnaforeignlanguageistospendmuchtimeinthetargetcountry;somelearnersclaimthattheycanmasteraforeignlanguagejustbyself-studywithonlythehelpofdictionaries.2.Yes,hedoes.Heregardsitasanadvantagetogoabroadandstudyinthetargetcountry.Inmyopinion,…28/115Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutlearninganewlanguage?Fast-readingQuestionsonPara.52.Whatdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromparrotsandchimpanzeesaccordingtothewriter?1.Theauthorbelievesthatnoonecanlearnanewlanguagewellenoughunlessheorsheisinterestedinit.Healsothinksthatthewayoflearningtospeakandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablysimilartothewayoflearningone’smothertongue.2.Parrotsandchimpanzeesmakenoisesthataremeaninglesswhilethespeechsoundshumanbeingsmakearemeaningfulandtheycanrelatethemtotheirownlives.Inotherwords,humanbeinguselanguagetocommunicate.29/1151.Whatdoesthewriteremphasizetowardstheendofthisessay?Fast-readingQuestionsonParas.61.Thewriterwantstoemphasizetheideathatlanguagelearningshouldbebasedon“realsituations”in“reallife’andthelanguagewelearnshouldbe“reallanguage.”30/115FindthemainideaofeachparagraphPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Fast-reading31/115Para.1(Page9)Accordingtotheauthor,Eng.Learningisnotaseasyasadsclaim.Fast-reading32/115Para.2Thereisnosuchthingasagoodmethodthatsuitsallstudentsineverysituation.Fast-reading33/115Para.3Peopleusedtobelievethattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewellwastospendalongtimeinitsnativecountry,butsomethinktheycanlearnaforeignlanguageathomewiththehelpofdictionaries.Fast-reading34/115Para.4Teachingmethodsbasedonthebehaviouristtheorymaynotwork,ashumanbeingsarenotparrotsorchimpanzees.Fast-reading35/115Para.5Internetisthekeytolearningalanguage,whichisameansofcommunication.Fast-reading36/115Para.6Tolearnalanguagewell,itisimportantthatwehaveotherpeopletotalktoandlistento.Fast-reading37/115CarefulReading38/115AfterReading_4.4ShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.WhenIseeadvertisementslikethis,Idon’tknowwhethertolaughorcry.IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Butalargenumberofpeoplemustbelievetheseridiculousclaims,orelsetheadvertisementswouldnotappear.

1.EverydayIseeadvertisementsinthenewspapersandonthebusesclaimingthatitiseasytolearnEnglish.Accordingtotheseadvertisements,withverylittleeffortonthestudent’spart,hewillbeabletospeakthelanguagefluentlyinthreemonthsoreventendays.Thereisoftenareference

toWilliamTextAALanguageTeacher’sPersonalOpinionWillPidcroftChinese39/115BeforeReading_leadindiscussion

2.Itisnaturalforstudentstobeattractedtomethodsthatwillteachthemasquicklyandefficientlyandcheaplyaspossible.Butitisdifficultforanyonetoexplaininsimplelanguagewhyonemethodisbetterthananother,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.Someexpertsevenarguethatthereareasmanygoodmethodsofteachingalanguageastherearegoodteachers,becauseeveryteacherisanindividualwithhisownpersonality.Nodoubt

thisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.TextAChinese40/1153.Foralongtimepeoplebelievedthattheonlywaytolearnalanguagewastospendagreatdealoftimeinacountrywhereitwasspoken.OfcourseitisclearthatstudentswhogotoEngland,America,orAustraliatolearnEnglishhavea

great

advantage

overothers,butalargenumberofstudentscannotaffordtodoso.Somestudentsgotothe

opposite

extreme

andthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.

ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalent

inanotherlanguageandvice

versa,anditisimpossibleforanytranslationmethodtoprovidestudentswiththenaturalformsofalanguageinspeech,letalone

producegoodpronunciationandintonation.BeforeReading_consumerismTextAChinese41/115

5-1.Inmypersonalopinion,noonecaneverlearntospeakEnglishoranyotherlanguageunlessheisinterestedinit.Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,donotlikemakingnoisesunlesstheyunderstandwhatthenoisesmeanandcanrelatethemtotheirownlives.

Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.

4.Agreatdealofteachingisstillbasedonbehavioristpsychology.Behavioristsarefondofmakingstudentsrepeatphrasesandmakingthemdoexerciseswheretheycontinuallyhavetochangeonewordinasentence.Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen’t,becauseitwouldmakeiteasiertousetheirmethods.TextAChinese42/115BeforeReading_voluntarysimplicity1VoluntarySimplicity5-2.Whatpeoplewanttosayandwriteinanotherlanguageisprobablyverysimilartowhattheywanttosayandwriteintheirown.Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.Itmustbereal.

6.Thereisanotherrelevantpointworthmentioninghere.Weneedotherpeopletotalktoandlistentowhenwecommunicate.Ifwhatwearelearningisstrangetous,itwillbehelpfulifthereareotherstudentsarounduswhocanworkwithusandpractisetheunfamiliarformswithusinrealsituations,talkingtoeachotheraboutreallifeinreallanguage.TextAChinese43/115Translation一位語言教師個人觀點(diǎn)

1.

我天天都會在報(bào)紙上、公交車上看到各種廣告，聲稱輕輕松松學(xué)英語。廣告宣稱學(xué)生無須費(fèi)勁，只需三個月，乃至十天就能說一口流利英語。廣告還經(jīng)常提到威廉·莎士比亞和查爾斯·狄更斯等英語文學(xué)大師名號來增強(qiáng)吸引力。每當(dāng)看到諸如這類廣告時(shí)，我真是哭笑不得：假如學(xué)英語真像這些廣告所說那么輕松，我恐怕得另謀出路了，因?yàn)椴恍枰敲炊嗪细裼⒄Z教師了。不過必定有許多人相信這些可笑噱頭，不然話這些廣告也不可能出現(xiàn)。課文譯文44/115

2.學(xué)生們喜歡實(shí)惠速成學(xué)習(xí)方法也在情理之中，但要用淺顯易懂語言去解釋為何某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件簡單事，而且也無需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個萬能適合全部學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境教學(xué)方法。一些教授甚至認(rèn)為，有多少個好老師就有多少種好教學(xué)方法，因?yàn)槊恳粋€老師都有其本身特點(diǎn)。這種說法無疑是有幾分道理，但對學(xué)生來說不是很有幫助。

Translation課文譯文45/115

3.有很長一段時(shí)間，人們認(rèn)為要學(xué)好一門語言，只有去使用那種語言國家待上一段時(shí)間。當(dāng)然去英國、美國、或者澳大利亞等國家學(xué)英語學(xué)生必定比那些不能去學(xué)生含有很大優(yōu)勢，不過很多學(xué)生支付不起那筆費(fèi)用。有些學(xué)生走向另一極端：他們認(rèn)為能夠借助詞典在家自學(xué)。假如你認(rèn)為英語中每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等詞（或反之亦然），那就錯了。經(jīng)過翻譯法來給學(xué)生講解口語自然形式是不可能，更不要說做到語音、語氣地道了。

Translation課文譯文46/1154.現(xiàn)在大量教學(xué)活動還是建立在行為主義心理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上。行為主義者熱衷于讓學(xué)生復(fù)述短語，不停做一些只需更換句中某個詞練習(xí)。假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那這些方法或許能奏效，可惜我們不是，這似乎讓很多理論家引認(rèn)為憾，不然他們提出那些方法用起來就會輕易得多了。5-1.我個人認(rèn)為，假如沒有興趣，任何人都不可能學(xué)好英語或其它任何語言。與鸚鵡或黑猩猩不一樣，人類不會無緣無故地發(fā)出噪音，除非他們明白這些聲音是什么意思，而且能將其與自己生活聯(lián)絡(luò)起來。值得切記是：語言是一個交際伎倆。Translation課文譯文47/1155-2.人們在母語中怎么說怎么寫，用另一個語言表示時(shí)也大同小異。所以，人們所聽所讀不應(yīng)該是程式化東西，聽讀材料必須真實(shí)自然。6.還有一個相關(guān)問題值得一提：在交際時(shí)我們需要有交談或傾聽對象。在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏內(nèi)容時(shí)，假如有其它學(xué)生和我們在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中一起學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)那些陌生語言形式，用真實(shí)語言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)生活，那一定會受益匪淺。

Translation課文譯文48/1156.還有一個相關(guān)問題值得一提：在交際時(shí)我們需要有交談或傾聽對象。在學(xué)習(xí)較生疏內(nèi)容時(shí)，假如有其它學(xué)生和我們在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中一起學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)那些陌生語言形式，用真實(shí)語言去談?wù)撜鎸?shí)生活，那一定會受益匪淺。Translation課文譯文49/1151.Whoare“WilliamShakespeare”and“CharlesDickens”?2.Whyaretheymentionedintheadvertisements?ThereisoftenareferencetoWilliamShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.Thepeoplewhoruntheadvertisementsjustwanttousequotationstosupporttheirpoints.Shakespeareistheworld’smostpopularplaywrightwhileDickensisthegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.50/115IfitwereaseasytolearnEnglishastheysay,Iwouldhavetolookforanotherjob,becauseveryfewqualifiedteacherswouldbeneeded.Whatistheauthor’sprofession?HemustbeanEnglishteacherwhosejobistotrainqualifiedEnglishteachers.51/115…,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.1.Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase“itisnouse…”?1)Thephrasemeans“ithasnoeffect…”.2)WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformafterit.It’snousecomplaining.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk,—he’sspentallthemoney,andthere’snothingyoucandoaboutit.Moreexamples:2.TranslatethispartintoChinese.而且也無需裝模作樣地聲稱有什么人已經(jīng)找到了一個萬能適合全部學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境教學(xué)方法。52/115Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.1.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexpression“Thisistruetoacertainextent,but…”?Wecanseetheauthordoesn’ttotallyagreewiththepreviousstatement.2.Then,what,intheauthor’sopinion,ishelpfultostudents?StudentsshouldhavesomegoodmethodsinlearningEnglish.53/115Somestudentsgototheoppositeextremeandthinktheycanteachthemselvesathomewithdictionaries.Whatcanweinferfromthephrase“gototheoppositeextreme”?Fromthisphrase,wecanseethattheauthordoesn’tthinklearningEnglishbyusingdictionariesonlyisagoodmethod,either.54/115ButitiswrongtoassumethateachwordinEnglishhasapreciseequivalentinanotherlanguageandviceversa.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.假如你認(rèn)為英語中每一個詞在另一語言中都有完全對等詞（或反之亦然），那就錯了。55/115Ifwewereparrotsorchimpanzees,thesemethodsmightbesuccessful.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Theauthorusessubjunctivemoodheretoshowhedisagreeswithbehaviorists.56/115Humanbeings,unlikeparrotsandchimpanzees,…canrelatethemtotheirownlives.Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanbeingswithparrotsandchimpanzees?TheauthordoessoinordertotellushumanbeingsspeakEnglishbecausetheyareinterestedinit.57/115Itislikelytogiveasatisfactoryorrewardingreturnforustokeepinmindthat

languageisawaytocommunicate.Itisworthrememberingthatlanguageisameansofcommunication.1.Payattentiontotheusageoftheword“worth”.WhenweusethisexpressionweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformaftertheword“worth”,neveraninfinitive.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Thebookisworthreading/It’sworthreadingthebook.Moreexamples:58/115Whattheylistentoandreadcannotbeaformula.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.人們所聽所讀不應(yīng)該是公式化東西。59/115personal:adj.

concerning,belongingto,orfortheuseofaparticularperson;privateMypersonalviewisthatthestudentsshouldbedoingmoreworkoutsidetheclassroom.WhenIwenttoherroomallherpersonalbelongingshadgone.60/115advertisement:n.apicture,shortfilm,song,etc.whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorserviceatelevision/newspaperadvertisementforanewcarTheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews,offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson.Collocation:answeranadvertisement 應(yīng)廣告之聘putanadvertisementin/on 在……做廣告runanadvertisement 做廣告buythingsfrom/inadvertisements 購置廣告上宣傳商品TheorganizersoftheconcerthadtakenoutafullpageadvertisementinTheNewYorkTimes.61/115claim:Allpartieshaveclaimedsuccessinyesterday’selections.Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”.1.vt.statethatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenproved戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后,雙方均宣稱獲勝。Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory.2.n.astatementthatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenprovedTheymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.她對這塊土地產(chǎn)權(quán)提出要求最終得到法庭認(rèn)可。Her

claimtotheownershipofthelandwasfinallyrecognizedbythecourt.62/115onone’spart:oforbysomeoneTherehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart.Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart.我從沒有感到忌妒。63/115fluently:adv.fluent:adj.

[oftenusedwithin](ofaperson)speaking,writing,orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmannerThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish.HespeaksfluentSpanish.64/115areferencebook 參考書，工具書areferencelibrary (不外借書)參考書閱覽室forreference 作參考in/withreferenceto 關(guān)于reference:n.Knowingwhathadhappened,Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings.他最近出書中提到了中東問題。1.amentionofsth.2.sth.thatshowsyouwhereelsetolookforinformation,forexamplethepagenumberofanotherplaceinabookHisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast.Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform.3.theactoflookingatsth.forinformationUsethedictionaryforeasyreference.Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference.Collocation:65/115efficiently:adv.

efficient:adj.workingwell,quickly,andwithoutwasteanefficientsecretary能干秘書anefficientheatingsystem高效能供暖系統(tǒng)Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoreduceunemployment.2.Weneedsomeonereallywhocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.3.Thecity’stransportsystemisoneofthemostinEurope.4.Anteacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults.effective_______efficient_______efficient_______effective_______這兩個形容詞都有“有效”之意。指主動有效，效率高，效果好，節(jié)約精力。指人時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)其能干、熟練技巧。強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果、效力或含有取得預(yù)期效果能力，指人指物都適用。CF:efficient&effectiveefficienteffective66/115argue:1.vi.disagreewithsomeoneinwords,ofteninanangryway我們聽到鄰居正在爭吵。Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing.They’realwaysarguingabout/overmoney.2.v.givethereasonsforone’sopinion,idea,belief,etc.Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours.Bakerarguedagainstcuttingthemilitarybudget.arguedown 駁倒Collocation:Theyarguedhimdownfiercely.他們狠狠地駁得他啞口無言。arguethetoss

反對某項(xiàng)已成定局決定argueout 辯論清楚Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout.老師和學(xué)生透徹地論證了這個問題。Let’snotarguethetoss—wehavetoaccepthischoice.我們無須爭論已經(jīng)決定事——只好聽他。67/115individual:1.n.asinglepersonorthing,especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong每一個人都有永遠(yuǎn)不可剝奪權(quán)利。Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway.anindividualeffort/contribution2.

adj.1)single;separateEachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements.foodservedinindividualportions

2)oforforoneperson;byorfromoneperson按一人一份供給食物個人努力/貢獻(xiàn)68/115personality:n.

1.thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson他是個個性很強(qiáng)有理想人。Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality.2.afamouspersonEveryonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality.personalitiesfromthefilmworld影界名流RogerFedererisoneofthebest-knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis.費(fèi)德勒是網(wǎng)球界最著名人物之一。69/115主要指一個人穩(wěn)定心理特征。比如：Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.即使他們性格迥異，但卻相處友好。Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter?你從她書法中看出她有什么樣個性?It’shisnaturetobekindtopeople.他天生為人厚道。Thegirlhasasweettemper.那女孩性情溫婉。這些名詞都有“性格、氣質(zhì)、性情、習(xí)性”之意。CF:personality,character,nature&tempernaturecharactertemperpersonality指天生、不可改變性格。比如：指從感情方面表達(dá)出來、決定處理問題方式性格或性情，這種性情能夠是暫時(shí)也能夠是長久。比如：指對個性或人格所作出客觀評價(jià)，經(jīng)常與道德相關(guān)。比如：70/115nodoubt:

almostcertainly,veryprobably想必你要在吃飯前打開行李休息一下。Nodoubtyou’llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner.Wewill,nodoubt,discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting.71/115toacertainextent:tothedegreespecified他們資金在一定程度上來自廣告收入。Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue.Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent.72/115haveanadvantage(over):havesth.thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothersHerexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent.Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomes

tofindingjobs.73/115gotoextremes:acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway他們往往持極端觀點(diǎn)。Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews.gofromoneextremetotheother 從一個極端走向另一個極端bedriven/forcedtoextremes 被迫走極端Collocation:Inthejungle,theyweredriventoextremesinordertosurvive.在叢林中，他們?yōu)榱松姹黄炔扇O端行動。intheextreme極端，極度，非常Hermannerwasfriendlyandwelcomingintheextreme.她態(tài)度極其友好熱情。74/115assume:vt.

accept(sth.)astruebeforethereisproof

我假定他說是真。Iassumedhisstorytobetrue.Thereportwasassumedtobevalid.Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.這些動詞均含有“假設(shè)，猜測，推測”之意。指無依據(jù)地武斷推測或不合邏輯地推理。強(qiáng)調(diào)以過去經(jīng)驗(yàn)或依據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)一些感覺把某事認(rèn)定為是事實(shí)。慣用詞，意義較廣泛，指缺乏確切事實(shí)、依據(jù)一些現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推測，也可指為論證而提出合乎邏輯推理某種假定，有時(shí)僅表示個人意見。CF:assume,presume&supposeassumepresumesuppose75/115Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Manyscientiststhenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution.2.Ididn’tseeyourcar,soIyou’dgoneout.3.Wehavenoreasontothatthegirlisdead.assumed________presumed_________suppose_______76/115precise:adj.

exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.就在我昏倒之時(shí)，他一把拉住了我。HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted.Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout.NB:

注意該詞詞性改變，它副詞形式、名詞形式與反義詞分別為：

precisely，precision和imprecise。77/115equivalent:美國國會大致相當(dāng)于英國議會。TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament.ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor“bonappétit”sowehaveadoptedtheFrenchexpression.1.n.sth.thathasthesamevalue,purpose,function,etc.assth.else2.

adj.havingthesameamount,value,purpose,qualities,etc.Ihadnodollars,butofferedhimanequivalentamountofsterling.78/115viceversa:usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround男孩可能會拒絕與女孩一起玩，女孩也一樣。Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls,andviceversa.Hedoesn’ttrusther,andviceversa.79/115Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices.這本小冊子提供了當(dāng)?shù)馗黝惙?wù)有用信息。provide:vt.

givesth.tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothem,becausetheyneeditorwantitPuttingmorepoliceonpatroldoesn’tprovidearealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingviolence.Pattern:providesb.withsth.providesth.forsb.Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.旅館為客人們提供擦鞋服務(wù)。Thehotelprovidesashoe-cleaningserviceforguests.80/115letalone:

nottomention;muchlessWehavenohospital,letaloneanisolationward.Hehasn’tenoughmoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.81/115The