綜合英語6Unit2Bards-of-the-Internet省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎PP

Unit2BardsoftheInternet1/144Whatdoesthispictureimply?2/144Weareenteringaneraofinformationexplosionwhichisboostedbyadvancedscienceandtechnology.WehavebecomeaccustomedtocommunicatewitheachotherthroughTwitter,Weibo,Facebook,etc.TheInternethaschangedourlifeonewayoranother.PleaseshareanexampleonhowtheInternethaschangedyourlifeorsomehabits.Opentodiscussion.3/144TheInternethasprovideduswithamorespeedyandconvenientmeansofcommunication,whichiscalledforbythequickenedpaceoflifetoday.Onlinecommunicationhasbredastyleofwritingwithnumerousdistinctivefeaturesofitsown.Canyouthinkofsomeexamplestoillustratethedifferencesbetweenonlinewritingandtraditionalwriting?Opentodiscussion.4/144唐家三少—張威5/144Inthisessaytheauthordescribesthecurrentfashionfornetwriting,exploresthecausesofthepoorqualityofwritingfoundontheInternet,andexplainsitsmeritsanddifferencesfrompublishedwritingaswellasjustificationsforitssurvivalandprevalence.6/144 CompuServe(Paragraph2) Foundedin1969asacomputertimesharingservice,CompuServedrovetheinitialemergenceoftheonlineserviceindustry.In1979,CompuServebecamethefirstservicetoofferelectronicmailcapabilitiesandtechnicalsupporttopersonalcomputerusers.CompuServebrokenewgroundagainin1980asthefirstonlineservicetoofferreal-timechat.SinceitsacquisitionbyAOL(AmericaOn-line)in1998,CompuServehasbeenawhollyownedsubsidiaryofAmericaOn-line,Inc.7/144Prodigy(Paragraph2)anofficialwebsite,providingInternetaccessandrelatedvalue-addedservices8/144 AmericaOnline(Paragraph2) theworld’slargestonlineinformationservicewhichisoftenabbreviatedasAOL.ItisanAmericancorporationheadquarteredinVirginia,ownerandoperatorofonlineandinteractivecomputergames.9/144 McLuhan(Paragraph2) HerbertMarshallMcLuhan(1911–1980),Canadianwriterandphilosopher.Hearguedthatitisthecharacteristicsofaparticularmediumratherthantheinformationitdisseminates(傳輸）thatinfluenceandcontrolsociety.10/144 TorBooks(Paragraph3) TorBooks,animprintofTomDohertyAssociates,LLC,isaNewYork-basedpublisherofhardcoverandsoft-coverbooks,foundedin1980andcommitted(althoughnotlimited)tosciencefictionandfantasyliterature.ThecompanyisnowpartoftheHoltzbrinkgroup,nowknownasMacmillanPublishers.11/144 MarkTwain(Paragraph3) USnovelistandhumorist;pseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835–1910).Aftergainingareputationasahumoristwithhisearlyworks,hewrotehisbest-knownnovels,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1885);bothgiveavividevocationofMississippifrontierlife.12/144 TomPaine(Paragraph3) ThomasPaine(1737–1809),18thcenturyEnglishpoliticalwriter.HispamphletCommonSense(1776)calledforAmericanindependenceandTheRightsofMan(1791)defendedtheFrenchRevolution.13/144 RevolutionaryWar(Paragraph3) indicatingthewarofAmericanRevolutionfrom1775to1783inwhichtheAmericancolonistswonindependencefromBritishrule.TheRevolutionarypamphleteerswerenotprofessionalwritersbutcommoncitizensengagedinthedebateofideas.14/144 Elizabethanera(Paragraph3) Elizabeth(1533–1603),queenofEnglandandIreland(1558–1603);daughterofHenryVIII.Shere-establishedProtestantismasthestatereligion.ThephraseindicatestheperiodoftimereignedbyElizabeth.15/144 Gutenberg(Paragraph3) JohannesGutenberg(c.1400–1468),15thcenturyGermanprinter.HewasthefirstintheWesttoprintbyusingmovabletypeandtouseapress.16/144 CanterburyTales(Paragraph7) AcollectionofstoriesinpoeticformwrittenbyGeoffreyChaucerandpublishedbyWilliamCaxtonin1478.Today,avisittoTheCanterburyTales,oneofKent’smostpopularattractions,withitsstunningreconstructionof14thcenturyEngland,isjustlikesteppingintotheMiddleAges.Hereitreferstoaveryold-fashioneddressingstyle.17/144 WELL(Paragraph9) apioneeringonlinecommunityknownforengagingconversationsandintelligentdebates18/144 Sausalito(Paragraph9) asmallcityinnorthwesternCalifornia,acrosstheGoldenGatefromSanFrancisco,anotedartistscolonywithapopulationofabout8,00019/144

NewYorkTimes(Paragraph9) oneofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofAmericannewspapers,whichwasfoundedonSeptember18,1851byHenryJarvisRaymondandGeorgeJones.RaymondwasalsoafoundingdirectoroftheAssociatedPressin1856.20/144

WallStreetJournal(Paragraph9) Foundedin1889,theWallStreetJournal,theflagshippublicationofDowJones&Company,istheworld’sleadingbusinessnewspaper.21/144

CommunicationsDaily(Paragraph10) America’spreeminentdailytelecomnewssourcepublishedbyWarrenCommunicationsNews,thepublisherofmust-readdailynewspublicationscoveringthetelecomandtelevisionindustry22/144 DesMoines(Paragraph12) thecapitalofIowa,inthesouthcentralpartofthestate,withapopulationofabout200,00023/144 BrookFarm(Paragraph13) anexperimentalcommuneinWestRoxbury,Massachusetts,setupbyagroupofUSwritersinthe1840s24/144 theGlobeTheatre(Paragraph13) atheatreinSouthwark,London,erectedin1599,wheremanyofShakespeare’splayswerefirstpubliclyperformed25/144 PhillipElmer-DeWittisasenioreditorofTimemagazine.Since1982,Elmer-DeWitthaswrittenaboutscienceandtechnologyforthemagazine.Asastaffwriterforthatpublication,hehaslaunchedtwonewsectionsinthemagazine:in1982,“Computers”andin1987,“Technology.”In1993,Elmer-DeWittalsospearheadedTimeOnline,theinteractiveeditionofthemagazine.26/144 Elmer-DeWitthasproducedoverfourhundrednewsandfeaturestoriesonsubjectsrangingfrominvitrofertilizationtocomputersex.HisTimemagazinecoverstoriesinclude“ComputerViruses”(1988),“Supercomputers”(1988),“CuringInfertility”(1991),“Cyberpunk”(1993),“InfoHighway”(1993),“VideoGames”(1993),“HumanCloning”(1994),“TheInternet”(1994),and“SexinAmerica”(1994).27/144StructurePartI

PartIIPartIIIPartIVPartV28/144Keywords:Net-writingPoorqualitycausegemmerit29/144Part1(Para.1-2)introductoryleadThefirsttwoparagraphsareanintroductorylead-inthatpresentsananalyticalcomparisonbetweenwhathappenedtowritingwhenthetelephonewasinventedandwhatishappeningoncomputernetworksnow.30/144

1.Oneoftheunintendedsideeffectsoftheinventionofthetelephonewasthatwritingwentoutofstyle.Oh,sure,therewerestillfull-timescribblers—journalists,academics,professionalwordsmiths.Andthegreatcentersofcommercestillfounditusefultokeeponhandpeoplewhocoulddraftamemo,abrief,apressreleaseoracontract.Butgivenachoicebetweenpickingupapenoraphone,mostfolkstooktheeasyrouteandgavetheirfingers—andsometimestheirmind—arest.31/144 unintendedadj.notdeliberateorplannedanunintendedslightThegrouparguesthatmanyoftheproposedreformswillhaveunintendedconsequences.e.g.32/144 “Oneoftheunintendedsideeffectsoftheinventionofthetelephonewasthatwritingwentoutofstyle.”

Whentelephonewasinvented,noonerealizedatthattimethatitwouldoutdatewriting.Paraphrase33/144

“...andgavetheirfingers—andsometimestheirmind—arest.”

Explanation

...andpreferredtousethetelephoneratherthanthepen(inahumorousway).34/144 Paragraph1:Question Whydoestheauthorrelatewhathappenedtothetelephonewithwhatishappeningtothecomputer?Bydoingso,theauthorseemstosuggestthatwriting,whichwentoutofstylewiththeinventionofthetelephone,isexperiencinganunexpectedcomebackwithonlineletterwriting.35/144 第1段漢字譯文 電話創(chuàng)造，產(chǎn)生了一個始料不及后果，書寫過時了。誠然，全職寫字工依然存在，包含記者、學(xué)者以及職業(yè)寫手。大型商業(yè)中心依然很有必要保留一些能草擬備忘錄、會議紀要、新聞稿或者協(xié)議人。不過在舉筆和拿起話筒之間選擇話，大多數(shù)人都會走便道，讓手指——有時還有大腦——休息片刻。36/144 2. Whichmakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.Everynight,whentheyshouldbewatchingtelevision,millionsofcomputeruserssitdownattheirkeyboards;dialintoCompuServe,Prodigy,AmericaOnlineortheInternet;andstarttyping—E-mail,bulletin-boardpostings,chatmessages,rants,diatribes,evenshortstoriesandpoems.JustwhenthemediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare,theonlineworldisexperiencingthegreatestboominletterwritingsincethe18thcentury.37/144

“Whichmakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.”Explanation

Here“which”isarelativepronounreferringtothesituationmentionedintheprecedingparagraph.Thesentencewouldbegrammaticallyacceptableifitwererestructuredas“Allthismakeswhat’shappeningonthecomputernetworksallthemorestartling.”38/144 rendervt.tomakesomeoneorsomethingbeorbecomesomething;toexpress,show,orperformsomethinginaparticularwayHisrudenessrenderedmespeechless.Thesingersrenderedthesongwithenthusiasm.e.g.39/144 obsolescentadj.(cf.obsolete) becomingreplacedbysomethingnewerandmoreeffectiveTheamateurmoviegaugesof8mm,Super8and9.5mmareobsolescent.Muchofourexistingmilitaryhardwareisobsolescent.e.g.NoteThingsthatare

obsolete

areoutofdateornolongeringeneraluse.

Thingsthatare

obsolescent

arefadingfromgeneraluseandsoontobecomeobsolete.40/144 boomn.

anincreaseintheactivityofaparticularindustryorpartofacountry'seconomyThisyearhasseenaboominbooksales.Theinsurancebusinesssufferedfromaviciouscycleofboomandbust（繁榮與蕭條）.e.g.41/144 “JustwhenthemediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare,theonlineworldisexperiencingthegreatestboominletterwritingsincethe18thcentury.”

Contrarytowhatisexpected,atatimewhenthemediaofMcLuhan(e.g.television)weresupposedtomakethemediumofShakespeare(i.e.letterwriting)outofdate,letterwritingontheInternetisenjoyingthegreatestdevelopmentsincethe18thcentury.Paraphrase42/144 Paragraph2:Question Whatisimpliedwhentheauthorsays“...themediaofMcLuhanweresupposedtorenderobsoletethemediumofShakespeare...”?Thephrase“themediaofMcLuhan”referstothenewmediathatbecamepopularinthe20thcenturysuchasradio,televisionandmovies,while“themediumofShakespeare”referstothetraditionalwayof“l(fā)etterwriting”inthemainclauseofthissentence.Thesentenceimpliesthat,insteadofbeingrenderedobsolete,letterwritingisexperiencingthefastestdevelopmentsincethe18thcentury,thoughitisinthe“online”form.43/144 第2段漢字譯文

與之相比，當(dāng)前計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)生現(xiàn)象就更為驚人了。每個夜晚，當(dāng)人們本應(yīng)該看電視時候，成千上萬計算機用戶坐在鍵盤前，點擊進入“電腦服務(wù)”、“奇才”、“美國在線”或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，并開始打字——發(fā)電子郵件、公布信息、聊天、夸夸其談、謾罵，甚至創(chuàng)作短篇小說和詩歌。當(dāng)麥克盧漢所說媒介正在淘汰莎士比亞時代媒介時，網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界正經(jīng)歷著18世紀以來信件書寫最為迅猛發(fā)展。44/144Part2(Para.3-4)featureandqualityofnetwritingInthisparagraphanumberofpeople’sremarksarequoted.Thesequotationsserveasevidenceofthefactthatdeviationsfromthetraditionalmediumofletterwritingarenotrareinhistory.Theimplicationisthatweshouldnotbesurprisedbytheboominnet-writing.45/144 3. “ItismyoverwhelmingbeliefthatE-mailandcomputerconferencingisteachinganentiregenerationabouttheflexibilityandutilityofprose,”writesJonCarroll,acolumnistattheSanFranciscoChronicle.PatrickNielsenHayden,aneditoratTorBooks,compareselectronicbulletinboardswiththe“scribblers’compacts”ofthelate18thandearly19thcenturies,inwhichmemberspassedlettersfromhandtohand,addingalittlemoreateachturn.DavidSewell,anassociateeditorattheUniversityofArizona,likensnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenpeoplewerereinventingjournalismbygraftingitontothetall-talefolktradition.”46/144 OthersharkbacktoTomPaineandtheRevolutionaryWarpamphleteers,oreventotheElizabethanera,when,thankstoGutenberg,agenerationofEnglishwritersbecameintoxicatedwithlanguage.47/144 likenvt. likensomeone/somethingtosomething

tosaythatsomeoneorsomethingissimilartosomeoneorsomethingelsee.g.Shelikenedtheexperiencetosinkingintoawarmbath.Oursmallcompanycanbelikenedtoabig,happyfamily.48/144 reinventvt.tochangesomethingthatalreadyexistsandgiveitadifferentformorpurposee.g.ThestoryofRomeoandJulietwasreinventedasaLosAngelesgangstermovie（黑幫片）.He’soneofthosesportsmenwhoreinventthemselvesasTVpresenters.reinventas/reinventyourself:tochangethewaythatyoubehaveorthethingsthatyoudosothatpeoplethinkofyouasadifferentkindofperson她一直努力把自己重新塑造成一位演員。(reinventas)Shekepttryingtoreinventherselfasanactress.49/144 graftvt.:toaddsomethingandmakeitbecomeapartofanotherthinge.g.Apieceofskinwasremovedfromherlegandgraftedontoherface.Themanagementtriedunsuccessfullytograftnewworkingmethodsontotheexistingwaysofdoingthings.50/144 thetall-talefolktraditionn. thetraditioninwhichpeopletellastoryorataleinafancifulandexaggeratedmanner. Atalltale/storyisataleorastorythatishardtobelieve,becauseitissoexaggeratedorunlikely.Heretheauthorreferstoauniquekindofjournalisminwhichpeoplereportnewsinmuchthesamewayaspeopletelltalltales.51/144

DavidSewell...likensnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenpeoplewerereinventingjournalismbygraftingitontothetall-talefolktradition.”

DavidSewellcomparesnetwritingtotheliterarysceneMarkTwaindiscoveredinSanFranciscointhe1860s,“whenjournalistswerefondofwritingnewsreportsinthetraditionaltall-talestyle.”Paraphrase52/144harkbacktosomethingtorememberortalkaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepaste.g.Theyalwaysharkbacktowhattheycallthe'goodolddays'.導(dǎo)演新片回歸到早期電影格調(diào)。(harkbackto)Thedirector’slatestfilmharksbacktotheearlyyearsofcinema.53/144 pamphleteersn. Thoughmostpamphleteerswerenotprofessionalwriters,theywerepassionateadvocatorsofNorthAmericanindependence.54/144 Paragraph3:Questions 1.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“...E-mailandcomputerconferencingisteachinganentiregenerationabouttheflexibilityandutilityofprose”?TheauthormeansthatE-mailandcomputerconferencingdemonstratetoawholegenerationofpeoplethatthelanguageweusedoesnothavetobealwayssoformalasintraditionalletterwriting;itcanbeusedinacasualmannerwhilestillservingitspurposeeffectively.55/144 Paragraph3:Questions 2.Whatdoestheauthorwishtoconveyinhiscomparisonbetweennetwritingwith“scribblers’compacts,”MarkTwain’sdiscoveryofnewjournalisminSanFrancisco,RevolutionaryWarpamphleteersandtheachievementsoftheElizabethanera?Andwhatdoeshefindwithhiscomparison?Theauthorusestheseexamplestotellthereadersthattherearesomesimilaritiesbetweennetwritingandthoseexperimental,eveninnovativewritingmodesinhistory,andsonetwritingcouldberegardedasakindofrenaissance.56/144 Buthefindsinthiscomparisonthatmuchofnetwritingisawfullybad—sloppy,meandering,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandevencontentfree.57/144 第3段漢字譯文 “我確信電子郵件和網(wǎng)上會議正在教會整整一代人寫文章是多么有用，能夠靈活到何種程度，”《舊金山紀事報》專欄作家喬恩·卡洛爾這么寫道。石山圖書出版社編輯帕特里克·尼爾森·海頓把當(dāng)今電子公告板比作18世紀末19世紀初“文字盒”：這是個小盒子，盒內(nèi)文章在多人間傳遞，每人經(jīng)手時都會增加一些句子。來自亞利桑那大學(xué)副主編大衛(wèi)·塞維爾則將網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作喻為馬克·吐溫在19世紀60年代在舊金山所發(fā)覺文學(xué)景象，“當(dāng)初人們將新聞報道嫁接到夸大民俗傳統(tǒng)故事之中，創(chuàng)造了新新聞報道方式”。（續(xù)）58/144 第3段漢字譯文（接）更有甚者，有些人想起了湯姆·潘恩和美國革命時期政治小冊子作家，甚至還想起了伊麗莎白一世時期，古騰堡活字印刷術(shù)創(chuàng)造，令一代英國作家沉迷在語言之中。59/144 4. Butsuchcomparisonsinviteaquestion:Ifonlinewritingtodayrepresentssomesortofrenaissance,whyissomuchofitsoawful?Foritcanbeverybadindeed:sloppy,meandering,puerile,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandattimesvirtuallycontentfree.“HEY!!!1!”readsanalltootypicalmessageontheInternet,“ITHINKMETALLICAIZREELKOOLDOOD!!!!”60/144 sloppyadj. doneinaverycarelesswaye.g.Spellingmistakesalwayslooksloppyinaformalletter.Anothersloppypasslikethatmightlosethemthewholematch.61/144 meandervi. ariverorroadthatmeandersfollowsapathwithalotofturnsandcurves totalkorwriteforalongtime,changingsubjectsorideas,sothatpeoplebecomeboredorconfusede.g.ameanderingriveralongmeanderingspeechThefilmmeandersalongwithnoparticularstoryline.62/144 puerileadj.(n.puerility) likeasillyyoungperson,orlikesomethingtheywouldsayordoe.g.Hecanbeverypuerilewhenhe’shadacoupleofdrinks.Someofyourcolleagueshavebeencomplainingaboutyourpuerilityintheoffice.63/144 “Foritcanbeverybadindeed:sloppy,meandering,puerile,ungrammatical,poorlyspelled,badlystructuredandattimesvirtuallycontentfree.”Foritcanbeverybadindeed:careless,pointless,childish,withmanygrammaticalandspellingmistakes,andstructuralmistakes,andsometimesithasnorealmessageormeaning.Paraphrase64/144

“ITHINKMETALLICAIZREELKOOLDOOD!1!!!” —ThisisanexampleofsloppyandvacuouswritingontheInternet.65/144 第4段漢字譯文

可是這種比較又引出一個問題：假如說當(dāng)今網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作代表了某種復(fù)興，但為何這么多網(wǎng)絡(luò)作品又如此糟糕呢？網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作可能會低劣不堪：文體拖沓、漫無邊際、愚蠢幼稚、不合語法、拼寫糟糕、結(jié)構(gòu)不妥，有時甚至毫無內(nèi)容可言，正如網(wǎng)絡(luò)上經(jīng)典短信息所表示：“嗨?。。?！我以為金屬樂隊酷斃了?。。。　?6/144Part3(Para.5-9)reasonsanddefense67/144Para.5-6Inthesetwoparagraphstheauthorexploresthereasonswhythequalityofnet-writingissopoor.Onceagaintheauthorquotessomeremarksmadebyotherpeople.Para.7:Inthisparagraphtheauthorbeginstociteexamplesindefenseofnet-writing.Hefirstpointsoutthatthereareactuallysomereallygoodwritings(gems)ontheInternet.68/144Para.8-9Inthesetwoparagraphstheauthordiscussestworeasonswhytherearesome“gems”ontheInternet:oneisthatthe“Darwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail,”whichmeansthatonlygoodwritingwillsurvive;andtheotheristhe“collaborative”workincomputerconferences,atwhichideasareknockedagainstoneanother“untiltheyspark.”69/144 5. Onereason,ofcourse,isthatE-mailisnotlikeordinarywriting.“Youneedtothinkofthisas‘writtenspeech’,”saysGerardVanderLeun,literaryagentbasedinWestport,Connecticut,whohasemergedasoneofthepreeminentstylistsontheNet.“Thesethingsarelittlemoreconsideredthancoffeehousetalkandalotlessconsideredthanaletter.They’renottohaveandhold;they’retofireandforget.”Manyonlinepostingsarecomposed“l(fā)ive”withtheclockticking,usingrudimentarywordprocessorsoncomputersystemsthatchargebytheminuteandinsomecaseswillshutdownwithoutwarningwhenanhourrunsout.70/144 emergevi. tocomeoutofsomethingoroutfrombehindsomethingtobecomeknowne.g.Thefactsbehindthescandalaresuretoemergeeventually.She’sthemostexcitingBritishsingertoemergeonthepopsceneforadecade.71/144 preeminentadj.(n.preeminence) betterormoreimportantthananyoneoranythingelseinaparticularactivitye.g.Sheisthepreeminentauthorityinhersubject.Hispreeminenceinhissubjectisinternationallyrecognized.72/144 “...GerardVanderLeun...hasemergedasoneofthepreeminentstylistsontheNet.”

...GerardVanderLeun...hasbecomeknownasoneofthemostimportantstylistsontheInternet.Paraphrase73/144 “They’renottohaveandhold;they’retofireandforget.”

Theyareoflittleliteraryvalue,sopeoplewritethem,sendthemandforgetthem.Paraphrase74/144 “Manyonlinepostingsarecomposed‘live’withtheclockticking...”

Manyonlinepostingsarewrittenspontaneously,withnopreparationwithinaveryshorttime...(i.e.Theyareimprovisedundergreattimepressure.)Paraphrase75/144 Paragraphs5-6:Question Whatarethereasonsthatcouldaccountforthepoorqualityofnetwriting?First,things(suchasE-mail)writtenontheInternethavelittleliteraryvalue,sothey’renotmeanttobepermanent.Theyjustcomeandgoandnoonewilleverrememberthem,oncetheyareread.Second,manyonlinepostingsareproducedundergreattimepressure.Third,thereisactuallynothresholdontheInternet,sothatanyonecanlogonandsendoutwhattheyhavewritten.76/144 第5段漢字譯文

當(dāng)然，原因之一就是電子郵件不一樣于常規(guī)寫作?！澳愕冒阉闯墒恰畬懴聛碓挕?，”康涅狄格州西港鎮(zhèn)文學(xué)作品經(jīng)紀人杰勒德·凡·德·勒恩如是說，此人是最近在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上竄紅文體家,“這種東西和咖啡屋里閑談相差無幾，但和書信相差甚遠。它們不用儲存保留，而是要刪除遺忘?！痹S多網(wǎng)絡(luò)公告內(nèi)設(shè)“實況”計時系統(tǒng)，利用計算機系統(tǒng)中基本文字處理器，這類公告以分鐘收費，往往一小時后不給提醒就自動關(guān)閉。77/144 6. ThatisnottosaythatwithmoretimeeverywriterontheInternetwouldproduceasparklingcopy.Muchofthefictionandpoetryissecond-rateorworse,whichisnotsurprising,giventhatthebarrierstoentryaresolow.“Intherealworld,”saysMaryAnneMohanraj,aChicago-basedpoet,“ittakesahellofalotofworktogetpublished,whichnaturallyweedsoutalotofthegarbage.OntheNet,justafewkeystrokessendsyourwritingouttothousandsofreaders.”78/144 ahellofalotof (usedasanemphasizer)agreatdealof helln. usedforsayingthatsomethinghappensthatmakespeopleangryorupset,andtheystartfightingorarguinge.g.Ohhell,I’veforgottenmykey!Whatthehellwasthatnoise?79/144 weedn. someonewhoisthinandweak weedout toremoveapersonorthingthatisnotsuitableorgoodenough,especiallyfromagrouporcollectione.g.Helookslikearealweedinthoseshorts.weedoutdandelionsweedoutunqualifiedapplicants80/144 “...ittakesahellofalotofworktogetpublished,whichnaturallyweedsoutalotofthegarbage.”

...ifyouwanttohaveyourbookpublished,youneedtodoalotofwork.Inthiswayalotofuntalentedwritersarepreventedfrompublishingbadworks.Paraphrase81/144 第6段漢字譯文

這并不是說，全部網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家多花一點時間都能生產(chǎn)出驚世之作。網(wǎng)上許多小說和詩歌都屬二流水平或者更差，這倒并不足為怪，因為入這行門檻太低了?！霸诂F(xiàn)實世界中，”芝加哥詩人瑪麗·安妮·穆罕拉吉說，“文學(xué)作品要出版，要做非常辛勤勞動，這自然就剔除了大量垃圾。而在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界，區(qū)區(qū)幾次按鍵就能夠?qū)⒆约鹤髌钒l(fā)給成千上萬讀者。”82/144 7. Butevenamongthereamsofbadpoetry,gemsaretobefound.MikeGodwin,aWashington-basedlawyerwhopostsunderthepenname“mnemonic,”tellsthestoryofJoeGreen,atechnicalwriteratCrayResearchwhoturnedamoribunddiscussiongroupcalledrec.arts.poemsintoarealpoetryworkshopbymercilesslycritiquingthepieceshefoundthere.“Somepeoplegotangryandsaidifhewassuchagodofpoetry,whydidn’thepublishhispoemstothegroup?”recallsGodwin.“Hedid,andblewthemallaway.”83/144 Green’sWellMetinMinnesota,amock-epicaccountofaface-to-facemeetingwithafellownetworkscribbler,isnowreveredontheInternetasaclassic.Itbegins,“ThetruthisthatwhenImetMarkIwasdressedastheCanterburyTales.Ratherdifficulttodoasyoumightsuspect,butIwantedtomakeacertainimpression.”84/144 “Butevenamongthereamsofbadpoetry,gemsaretobefound.”

Eventhoughmostofthepoemsareofbadquality,therearestillsomereallygoodones.Paraphrase85/144 blowaway tomakesomeonefeelverysurprised,especiallyaboutsomethingtheylikeoradmire;todefeatsomeonecompletely e.g.Theendingwillblowyouaway.Thatconcertblewmeaway.I’mgonnablowhimawaywhenIcatchupwithhim.86/144 “Hedid,andblewthemallaway.”

Hedidpublishhispoems,andoverwhelmedthemall.ParaphraseHere“toblowsomeoneaway”isaninformalexpressionwhichmeans“tomakesomeonefeelverysurprised,especiallyaboutsomethingtheylikeoradmire.”Italsomeans“todefeatsomeonecompletely.”Note87/144 Paragraph7:Question Whatisimpliedinthesentence“...whenImetMarkIwasdressedastheCanterburyTales.Ratherdifficulttodoasyoumightsuspect,butIwantedtomakeacertainimpression”?Inthesentence“Mark”referstothefellownetworkscribblermentionedintheprecedingsentence.“IwasdressedastheCanterburyTales”means“Iwasdressedinaveryold-fashionedmedievalstyle.”ThewholesentencesuggeststhatGreenwantedtoattractattention.88/144 第7段漢字譯文 不過盡管劣質(zhì)詩歌充滿泛濫，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上仍有珍寶可尋。以筆名“記憶術(shù)”發(fā)貼華盛頓律師邁克·戈德溫講述了喬·格林故事。格林是克雷企業(yè)技術(shù)文檔撰寫人員，他經(jīng)過犀利地批評在一個名為“娛樂·藝術(shù)·詩”討論組上發(fā)覺詩作，將這個行將湮滅討論組變成了名符其實詩歌創(chuàng)作工作坊。這觸怒了一些人。他們說，假如他是個詩神，為何不在組內(nèi)發(fā)表自己詩作？”戈德溫回想說，“他不但發(fā)表了自己詩作，而且把他們徹底鎮(zhèn)住了?！保ɡm(xù)）89/144 第7段漢字譯文 （接）還有格林《緣定明尼蘇達》，一部統(tǒng)計他與一位網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫手見面仿史詩作品，則成了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上備受尊崇經(jīng)典之作。該書開篇寫道：“實際上我去見馬克時候，打扮得像《坎特伯雷故事集》中人物。您一定認為這太難了，但我想給人留點印象。”90/144 8. Themoreprosaictechnicalandpoliticaldiscussiongroups,meanwhile,havebecomesocrowdedwithwriterscryingforattentionthataDarwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail.“It’ssocompetitivethatyouhavetoworkonyourstyleifyouwanttomakeanyimpact,”saysJornBarger,asoftwaredesignerinChicago.GoodwritingontheNettendstobeclear,vigorous,wittyandaboveallbrief.“Themediumfavorstheterse,”saysCrawfordKilian,awritingteacheratCapilanoCollegeinVancouver,BritishColumbia.“Shortparagraphs,bulletedlistsandone-linersaretheunitsofthoughthere.”91/144 prevailvi.tobethestrongestinfluenceorelementinasituation;toexistataparticulartimeorinaparticularsituatione.g.Iamsurethatcommonsensewillprevailintheend.Thisattitudestillprevailsamongthemiddleclasses.Thetowniskeptcoolbytheprevailingwesterlywinds.Hewaseventuallyprevailedupontoaccepttheappointment.即便在今天，有些傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗在農(nóng)村地域依然流行著。(prevail)Eventodaysomeofthetraditionalcustomsstillprevailinruralareas.92/144

“...aDarwiniansurvivalprinciplehasstartedtoprevail.”

...Darwin’ssurvivalprinciplehasstartedtocomeintoeffect/gaininfluenceorcontrol.Paraphrase93/144makeanimpacton/intomakeaneffect,oraninfluencee.g.Internetshoppinghasbeguntohaveaseriousimpactontraditionalbookshops.She'sanexcellentathletewhoisalreadymakingarealimpactinworldcompetition.禁煙運動對年輕人產(chǎn)生了不小影響。(makeanimpacton)Theanti-smokingcampaignmadequiteanimpactonyoungpeople.94/144tersen.atersestatementorre