2021年高考英語(yǔ)調(diào)研大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)25Unit5FirstaidB卷

課時(shí)作業(yè)25FirstaidⅠ.閱讀理解A(山東北鎮(zhèn)中學(xué)檢測(cè))Nooneenjoyshearingthesoundofsomeoneelsechewingtheirfood.Mostofthetime,though,it'snotthatbigadealbutaminorannoyance.Butforasmallgroupofpeoplewithmisophonia(恐音癥),thesoundcanbepainful,causingextremeangeranddeepdiscomfort.Themostordinarysoundsofchewingandbreathingcandrivethemcrazy.Pastattemptstoexplainthecausesofmisophoniahavesuggestedeverythingfromcompulsivedisordertoaneasily-annoyedpersonality—butaccordingtoastudypublishedyesterdayinthejournalCurrentBiology,thetruecriminalisthestructureofthebrain.Forthestudy,ateamofresearchersledbyNewcastleUniversityneuroscientistSukhbinderKumarrecruited(招募)42volunteers,ofwhomaroundhalfhadextrememisophoniaandtheotherhalfservedasthecontrolgroup,andplayedthemseveraldifferentnoises:someordinary;someharsh,likethesoundofapersonscreaming;andsomethatwereordinaryforthecontrolgroupbutknowntobeannoyingformisophonics,peoplewithmisophonia,likethesoundofbreathing.Astheparticipantslistened,theresearchersmonitoredthemforsignsofanxiety,bothphysicalsymptomsandbehavioralexpressions,andobservedtheirbrainactivityusingFMRIscans.Theonlysignificantdifferenceinreactionbetweenthetwogroupshappened,duringthemisophonia-specificsounds,whenthosewiththeconditionshowedphysicalchangesthatsuggestedtheywereenteringfight-or-flightmode.MisophonicshadincreasedactivityintheAIC,anareaknowntoplayacentralroleinthesystemthatdetermineswhichthingsweshouldpayattentionto.Whenthetriggersoundswereplayed,therewasnotonlymoreactivityinthisregionbutalsoabnormallyhighlevelsofconnectiontootherregions.Misophonia,inotherwords,maybearesultofmisplacedattentionthebrainofamisophonicfocusesonthingsthatotherpeoplenormallytuneout(不予理會(huì)).Onarelatednote,onbehalfofmisophonicsandmanners-mindedmomseverywhere:Please,chewwithyourmouthclosed.本文主要講述了一些恐音癥患者對(duì)某些細(xì)小的聲音都會(huì)有極大的反應(yīng)，及其發(fā)生的原因。1．Whatisthetruecriminalofmisophonia?A．Soundsofchewingandbreathing.B．Compulsivedisorder.C．Aneasily-annoyedpersonality.D．Thestructureofthebrain.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Pastattemptstoexplainthecausesofmisophoniahavesuggestedeverythingfromcompulsivedisordertoaneasily-annoyedpersonality—butaccordingtoastudypublishedyesterdayinthejournalCurrentBiology,thetruecriminalisthestructureofthebrain.可知，恐音癥的罪魁禍?zhǔn)灼鋵?shí)是大腦結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D。2．Whichwaydidresearchesusetocarryouttheirresearch?A．Playingvolunteersseveraldifferentvoices.B．Observingvolunteers'heartactivityusingFMRIscans.C．Monitoringvolunteersforsignsofanxiety.D．Analyzingvolunteers'answerstospecificquestions.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Astheparticipantslistened,theresearchersmonitoredthemforsignsofanxiety,bothphysicalsymptomsandbehavioralexpressions...可知，當(dāng)參加測(cè)試的人在聽各種聲音的時(shí)候，研究人員檢測(cè)他們的焦慮程度，身體癥狀和行為表現(xiàn)……結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．MisophonicshaddecreasedactivityintheAICduringthemisophonia-specificsounds.B．Thebrainofamisophonicconcentratesonthingsotherpeoplenormallyignore.C．Around42volunteerswithextrememisophoniawererecruitedintheresearch.D．Chewingfoodnoisilyisappreciatedbythepeopleallovertheworld.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Misophonia,inotherwords,maybearesultofmisplacedattentionthebrainofamisophonicfocusesonthingsthatotherpeoplenormallytuneout(不予理會(huì))．可知，恐音癥者會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地關(guān)注其他人們不會(huì)理會(huì)的一些聲音，因此他們會(huì)對(duì)某些聲音敏感。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選B。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Reasonswhymisophonicscan'tstandevensmallnoises.B．Misophoniamaycausemisplacedattention.C．Weshouldcareformisophonics.D．Symptomsofmisophonia.答案：A解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文中主要講述了一些恐音癥患者對(duì)某些細(xì)小的聲音都會(huì)有極大的反應(yīng)，并講述了其發(fā)生的原因。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A。B(貴陽(yáng)一中模擬)Itcouldhappenjustaboutanytimeyoustepoutinpublic.Yougetontoanalmost-emptybus,butthenextpassengerdecidestoignoredozensofemptyseatsandsitrightnexttoyou.Whileyou'rewaitinginlineatasupermarket,thenextcustomerinsistsonstandingonlytwoinchesbehindyouandshoutingintohiscellphone.Yougointoapublicrestroom,andthenextpersontoenterdecidestousethenextstall.Transgressions(冒犯)likethesedon'tjustmakeusfeeluncomfortable;weoftenfeelanxious,alarmedandviolated(被侵犯的).Itistheattackofthepersonal-spaceinvaders.Inanysociety,shareddefinitionsofpersonalspacegovernhowweinteractwithotherpeople.Peoplelivingindensely(密集地)populatedcitieslikeMumbai,Beijing,orMexicoCitytendtorequirelesspersonalspacethanpeoplelivinginsparsely(稀少地)populatedplaceswithinthecountry.InAmerica,NewYorkersoftenhavesmallerrequirementsthanresidentsofwesternstates,likeMontana,ShenandoahandWyoming.Becauseeveryonehasdifferentstandards,gesturesthatareinnocentinoneplacecanbeinterpretedasoppositeinanother,especiallyinBritain.AstheBritishetiquette(禮儀)websiteDebrett'sputsit,asaBritishperson,somebodystandingtooclosemaymakeyou“focuslessonwhatsomebodyissayingthanonhowclosetheyaretoyou”.Simpleactslikeputtinganarmaroundsomeoneyoudon'tknowmayseemfriendlyinChina,buttheycanmakeBritishpeopleveryuncomfortable.PeoplefrommanyEuropeancountriessuchasFranceandSpainkisseachotheronthecheekwhentheymeet,yettoBritishpeople,thisseemstoofriendlyand“touch-freely”.Thewebsiteexplains,“TheBritisharenotbackslappers(拍人后背的人)andgenerallydonotshowaffectioninpublic.”AreBritishpeopleunfriendly?Farfromit.Thewebsiteaddsthattheyarenotas“stand-offish_and_aloof”astheymayseem,butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.However,remembernottobetooclose.Ifyouaregoingtocomecloserthananarm'slength,pleaseletthemknow.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在不同國(guó)家、不同文化背景下的社會(huì)禮儀的不同。5．Accordingtothepassage,ifyouweremeetingaBritishforthefirsttime,itwouldbepoliteofyouto________.A．kisshim/heronthecheekB．keepanarm'slengthawayfromhim/herC．putanarmaroundhim/herD．slaphis/herback答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“...asaBritishperson,somebodystandingtooclosemaymakeyou‘focuslessonwhatsomebodyissayingthanonhowclosetheyaretoyou’．”可知，初次與英國(guó)人見面站得太近會(huì)讓他感覺不舒服，所以最好保持一臂的距離，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．Accordingtothepassage,whotendtorequiremorepersonalspace?A．PeoplelivinginBeijingandpeoplelivinginMexicoCity.B．PeoplelivinginMumbaiandpeoplelivinginShenandoah.C．PeoplelivinginWyomingandpeoplelivinginNewYork.D．PeoplelivinginWyomingandpeoplelivinginMontana.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InAmerica,NewYorkersoftenhavesmallerrequirementsthanresidentsofwesternstates,likeMontana,ShenandoahandWyoming.”可知，生活在人煙稀少的懷俄明州、謝南多厄州和蒙大拿州的人需要更多的私人空間，故D項(xiàng)正確。7．Theunderlinedword“stand-offishandaloof”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．coldandindifferentB．modestandcoolC．gentlemanlyandkind-heartedD．independentandstrong-willed答案：A解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“...butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.”可知，英國(guó)人并不是像看起來那樣冷漠，而是十分友好，故A項(xiàng)正確。8．Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A．Britishpeopleliketositnexttootherpeopleonemptybuses.B．Britishpeopleusuallykissstrangersonthecheektogreetthem.C．Britishpeoplearehelpfulthoughtheymaynotappeartobe.D．Britishpeoplearedelightedtoshowaffectioninpublic.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thewebsiteaddsthattheyarenotas‘stand-offish_and_aloof’astheymayseem,butveryfriendlyandhelpfultoforeigners.”可知，盡管英國(guó)人看起來冷漠，但其實(shí)是十分友好的，故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(福建東山二中模擬考試)Iwaswaitingfortheredlighttochangetogreenatabusycrossinginourcity.ThenIsawanelderlyman__1__togetupofftheground.Hehadfallenoffhisbikewhichhad__2__.Itseemedthathislegwasterriblyhurtandhewascrawling__3__forwardtogethisvegetablebasket,whichwasnowinthe__4__ofcomingtraffic.__5__givingitasecondthought,Ihurriedtogetoutofmycar,rushedtohimand__6__himtositonthesideoftheroad.QuicklyI__7__thebasketforhim.ThenIwalkedto__8__andstooditbackupagain.Ashelookedupatme,hesmiledandsaid,“Thankyou.”ImadesurethathewasOKandthenI__9__tomycar—BMW,whichIhadleftatthecrossing.__10__，therehadbeenalonglineofcars,waitingforme.Buttomy__11__，thosedriversjustlookedatmeand__12__washonking(按喇叭).Infact,Iclearlyrememberedamanlookingatmefromacrossthe__13__，givingmeabigsmile.Generally,mostpeoplethinkrichmenare__14__andperhapstheyfounditstrangethatIwouldhelpapooroldmaninthestreet.ThefunnythingisthatIthinktheotherdriversonlythoughtofmeasaselfish__15__personatfirst.Theywerejudgingmebymyshiningclothesandexpensivecar.__16__theythoughtIwasthe__17__persontoofferahelpinghandtosomeonein__18__.However,lookscanbecheating__19__.Todaythesmilesonpeople'sfaces__20__me.NowIknowthatIcanbejudgedbywhatIdo,notwhatIown.人們通常會(huì)認(rèn)為有錢人是冷漠的。但作者用自己的行動(dòng)告訴我們：評(píng)判人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是你擁有了什么，而是你做了什么。1．A.trying B．hopingC．waiting D．managing答案：A解析：根據(jù)下文可知，老人騎車摔倒了。所以，他正試圖要站起來。2．A.gotdown B．brokenupC．gotover D．turnedover答案：D解析：老人從自行車上摔下來了，車子自然也倒了。turnover翻倒。3．A.quickly B．slowlyC．carefully D．gradually答案：B解析：根據(jù)上文可知，老人的腿摔得很嚴(yán)重，因此他正向前慢慢地爬。4．A.way B．faceC．control D．road答案：A解析：inthewayof“擋住……的去路”。5．A.By B．WithoutC．Through D．With答案：B解析：“我”沒有遲疑就上前幫助老人。6．A.persuaded B．a(chǎn)dvisedC．brought D．helped答案：D解析：“我”沖過去，幫助老人到路邊坐下。7．A.gaveout B．handedoverC．pickedup D．putup答案：C解析：根據(jù)上文可知，老人的菜籃子摔出去了，“我”幫他撿了起來。8．A.hisbike B．mycarC．myseat