學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作（本科）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年北京工業(yè)大學(xué)

學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作（本科）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年北京工業(yè)大學(xué)InMLAstyle,inthelistofworkscited,itshouldbealphabetizedbythefirstword(excluding_____________).

答案:an###the###aDecidewhichelementsareessential:

答案:Anoutlineofyourpaper###Relevantbackgroundinformation###Yourresearchmethods###Reviewofworkbyotherwritersonthetopic###PurposeoraimofthepaperThebestapproachtochoosingsuitabletextswillbe__________.

答案:surveytextfeatures###readextensivelywhenusefulsectionsarefound###skimorscantext###readintensivelytomakenotesonkeypoints###readtitleandsub-titlecarefullyIndatabasesearching,itispossibletotargetthesearchbyselecting___________.

答案:thelanguageofpublication###thetypeofillustration###thetypeofdocument“GVU’s10thWWWusersurvey.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom/user_surveys/survey-1998-10/”isanonlinereportwith______________.

答案:noauthoridentified###nodate###notitleInAPAin-textcitation,ifnoauthorisgiven,ashortenedformof_________________isused.

答案:thetitlewiththedate23.ThewordplagiarismisderivedfromaLatinwordfor“kidnapper”.

答案:對Indiscussionsection,ifyourresultsdifferfromyourexpectations,explainwhythatmayhavehappened.Ifyourresultsagree,thendescribethetheorythattheevidencesupported.

答案:對Ahumanities-basedpaperisbestsuitedtothe“pyramid”technique.

答案:錯InAPAstyle,allauthors(uptosix)arelistedinReferences,thelastthreebeingjoinedbyanampersand(&).

答案:錯InpaperMLAstyle,thetitleofanyunpublishedwork,regardlessofitslength,isenclosedinquotationmarks.

答案:對Weshouldofferthedescriptionofthedatawithoutanopeningsentencewhichsummarizesthefindingsderivedfromthedata.

答案:錯Youshouldcitethesourcesofallborrowedmaterial,whetheritisaquotation,aparaphrase,orasummary.

答案:對InMLAstyle,whenaninstitution,acommittee,orsomeothergroupisdesignatedastheauthor,itiscitedintheauthorposition.

答案:對Basicdefinitionsareformedbygivingacategoryandtheapplication.

答案:對InaBooleansearch,joiningtwotermswithORnarrowsthesearch.

答案:錯Whenthecitedinformationcomesfromdifferentsources,thein-textreferenceshouldincludeallthesources.

答案:對InMLAin-textcitation,anyinformationincludedwithinyourtextshouldberepeatedintheparentheses.

答案:錯Therearetwocomponentstoreferencing:thein-textreferenceandtheend-of-textreference.

答案:對Youmustrelateyourworktothefindingsofotherstudiesincludingpreviousstudiesyoumayhavedoneandthoseofotherinvestigators.

答案:對Hedginglanguagecanprotectyoufrompossiblecriticismwhen___________.

答案:youmisssomeinformationorevidencethatyouhavenotfound###perhapsthereareflawsinyourclaims###theremaybeexceptionstotheconclusionthatyouhavedrawnTablescanalsobeused____________________.

答案:tosynthesizeexistingliterature###toexplainvariables###topresenttheresultsofthestudyThemethodssectiontypicallyconsistsoffollowingsubsections:

答案:Materials###Procedures###ParticipantsTherearethreeprincipalreasonsforprovidingreferencesandcitations:

答案:Toavoidplagiarism.###Toallowreaderstofindthesource,iftheywishtoexaminethetopicinmoredetail.###Toshowthatyouhavereadsomeoftheauthoritiesonthesubject,whichwillgiveaddedweighttoyourwriting.Aprospectusisaparagraphortwothatidentifies____________andanyspecialaspectsofyourproject.

答案:theproblemsyouanticipate###yourthesis###yourtopic###thekindsofsourcesyouplantoconsultThestandardBooleanoperatorsare__________.

答案:OR###AND###NOTTheimportantideasofaliteraturereviewtriestoconveyisthat:

答案:Itsetsthestageforyoutodemonstratewhatyourresearchcontributionisgoingtobe.###Itprovidestheinformationasbackgroundinformationtoyourreaders.###Youreallyknowandunderstandwhatothersinyourfieldhaveaccomplished.EverycitationinthetextmusthaveamatchingentryinReferences,whichincludeinformationaboutthe__________.

答案:author###editor###title###publisherInpaperMLAstyle,whencitingmagazinearticles,monthsexceptfor_______________areabbreviatedinWorksCitedandinparentheticalcitationsbutnotinthetextofapaper.

答案:July###May###JuneInaresearchlog,youcanjotdown____________.

答案:possibletopics###sourcestoconsult###reminderstoyourself###questionstoconsider###possiblemainpointsInanacademicsynthesis,weshouldreadactivelytofindconnectionsbetweendifferentsources,suchas:

答案:causesandeffects###advantagesanddisadvantages###differentdefinitionsandexplanations###similardefinitionsandexplanationsInMLAstyle,tocreateanentryforasourcetakenfromanonlinedatabase,weshouldbeginwiththeappropriateform,andconcludetheentrywith_________________.

答案:themedium(Web)###theaccessdate###thenameofthedatabase(initalics)Citationmainlyoccursin_________________________.

答案:theintroductionsection,themethodssectionandthediscussionsectionWhichsentencepatternisusedto“statetheobjectiveorpurpose”inanabstract?

答案:Thisarticleistoevaluate...Afactis________________,whileanopinionis____________________.

答案:objective,indisputableandstatesreality;subjective,arguableandinterpretsrealityWhichsentencepatterncanbeusedtoshow“values”inDiscussionsection?

答案:Despitethepreliminarycharacter,theresearchreportedherewouldseemtoindicate...__________isusedtoshowstructure.

答案:Diagram__________isusedtoshowstatisticaldisplay.

答案:Table__________isusedtoshowchangesintime.

答案:LinegraphTheliteraturereviewofaresearchpaperisoftenincorporatedintothe__________.

答案:introductionsectionWeshouldtrytodescribealltherawdatainresultssection.

答案:錯InMLAstyle,theeditorofacollectionofessays,stories,andsoonisidentifiedbeforethetitle;ed.heremeans“editor,”andeds.isusediftherearetwoormoreeditors.

答案:對Asitsobjectiveistoinformratherthanentertain,anacademicessayischaracterizedbyobjectivityandpreciseness.

答案:對Inaliteraturereview,theauthordoesn’tneedtoorganizeandpresentthesourcesofpreviousstudiesinalogicalway.

答案:錯Aself-containedliteraturereviewnotonlypresentsnewinformation,butalsosummarizesmultiplepreviousstudies.

答案:錯Allplagiarismisdeliberate.

答案:錯Itisimportanttocomparearangeofviewstoshowthatyouarefamiliarwithdifferentandconflictingviewsonatopic.

答案:對Therearetwokindsofabstracts:paperabstractsandconferenceabstracts.

答案:對Inmethodsection,youshouldprovideenoughdetailthatanotherresearchercouldreplicateyourexperiment,includingthoseunnecessarydetailthatisnotrelevanttotheoutcomeoftheexperiment.

答案:錯Proximitysearchingisbestusedasameansoffindingpassagesinabibliographicdatabaseinwhichtwotopicsarediscussedinrelationtooneanother.

答案:錯InDiscussionsection,thereiterationofaresultisaninterpretation.

答案:錯Theresultssectionshouldbewritteninaconciseandwell-organizedmanneranditisoftenlong.

答案:錯Afactoranopinionderivedfromasinglesourcerequirescitation.

答案:對Oneofthekeycharacteristicsofacademicwritingisthatitbuildsontheworkofearlierauthors.

答案:對Apaperpurchasedfromaaready-madepaperfroma“researchservice”oranInternetsiteisablatantformofacademicdishonesty.

答案:對Whendesigningyourquestionnaire,youshouldlimitthenumberofquestionssotherespondentcananswerthemin10minutes.

答案:錯Knowinghowthedataarecollectedcanhelpthereaderevaluatethevalidityandreliabilityofyourresultsandyourconclusion.

答案:對APAdocumentationhasatwofoldpurpose:tolistallofthesourcesusedinapaperandtoidentifythespecificlocationofeachitemofborrowedmaterial.

答案:對DatabasescannotcovercopyrightedmaterialsthatareusuallynotfoundonthefreeInternet,andtheycannotsupportamorecontrolledandfocusedsearchoftheircontents.

答案:錯Scientificresearchisasystematicwayofgatheringdata,aimingatincreasingorrevisingcurrentknowledgeorexplainingthenatureandthepropertiesoftheworldby_____________________.

答案:reaffirmingtheresultsofpreviouswork###discoveringnewfacts###developingnewtheories###solvingneworexistingproblemsWhenformulatingathesis,youshould____________.

答案:avoidgeneralterms###avoidoverlyobviousstatements###lookforadifferenttopicoranewapproachtotheoneyouhaveifyoucannotwriteasatisfactorythesisstatementThevalueandoriginalityofyourpaperoftengrowsoutof_____________.

答案:yourfullinterpretationofyourdata###discussionofthesignificanceofyourfindings###comparisonwithpreviousstudiesBeing_______and_______isthebasicrequirementofanabstract.

答案:informative###clear###conciseThetypesofdatacollectionare:

答案:bysurvey###byinterview###byexperimentWhenendingwithaconclusionparagraphinliteraturereview,weshould:

答案:createaspaceforyourresearchargument###shedlightsonthegapsofpreviousresearch###summarizepreviousresearchDiscussionsectionshouldbe______________.

答案:moreintegratedwiththefield###bemoretheoretical,ormoreabstract,ormoregeneral###moreconnectedtotherealword###moreconnectedwithimplicationsorapplicationsWhichsentencepatternisusedto“outlinechiefresultsorfindings”inanabstract?

答案:Resultsrevealedsignificantgainsin...Overall,Resultsdealwith______，andDiscussiondealswith_____；factsare________,whilepointsare_________.

答案:facts;points;descriptive;interpretive___________isoftenusedinmultiplesourcereferences.

答案:Information-focusedversion__________isusedtoshowproportion.

答案:PiechartAmongthethreecitationmethods,themostconvenientwayistoquote_________________directlyfromtheoriginaltexts.

答案:words,sentencesandparagraphsInMLAin-textcitationforprintsources,thereisacommabetweentheauthor’snameandthepagenumber.

答案:錯Wewilloftenfindmorein-depthcoverageinageneraldatabase.

答案:錯Begineachmajorsectionofaliteraturereviewwithaclearanexplicittopicstatementandendthemwithatransition.

答案:對InAPAstyle,twoworksbythesameauthorpublishedinthesameyeararearrangedalphabeticallywithanuppercaseletteraddedaftertheyeartodistinguishbetweenthem.

答案:錯Beforewritinganeffectiveseriesofquestions,youmustthinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouraimsare,andhowtoachievetheminthesimplestway.

答案:對Generallyspeaking,inanabstract,theopeningandconcludingstatementsarewritteninthepresenttenseorthepresentperfecttense,whilethemethodsandresultsareexpressedinthepasttense.

答案:對Theformatofthereferencessectionvariesslightlyfromonescientificjournaltoanother.

答案:對Acasestudyattemptstoshowexactlywhathappenedinaparticularsituation.

答案:對Synthesizingonlyrequiressimplysummarizingasinglesourcematerial.

答案:錯Thepremierstepfortakingnotesshouldbecriticallyreadeachsource.

答案:對Criticalthinkingmeansnotjustpassivelyacceptingwhatyouhearorread,butinsteadactivelyquestioningandassessingit.

答案:對Generally,thepasttenseisusedtonarrateexperimentsandexplainprocedures.

答案:對Primarysourcesaredocuments,reports,recordings,orothersourcesofinformationthatarecreatedmostprobablythrough__________and_________.

答案:investigations###first-handsurveys###experiments###fieldstudiesThemostusefuloptionsoftheadvancedsearchare__________.

答案:subjectterms###author###abstract###titleInprocedurepartofmethodsection,weshouldexplain__________.

答案:theorderinwhichstepsoccurred###whatyouhadparticipantsdo###howyoucollecteddataDiscussionsectionshouldbearrangedasinthefollowing:

答案:Pointstoidentifyusefulareasoffurtherresearch.###Pointstoindicatethelimitationsofyourstudy.###Pointstoconsolidateyourresearchspace.Plagiarismincludes:

答案:failingtousequotationmarks###omittingacitation###thoughtlesslyechoingthelanguageofasourceAliteraturereviewreveals________incurrentwork.

答案:arguments###weaknesses###controversies###gapsThesisis__________thatwilldeterminewhatkindofmaterialyoulookfor.

答案:anapproachtoyourtopic###apropositiontobeexamined###anassumptionaboutyourtopic###apremisetobesupportedWecanuse_______toinsertawordorphraseintothequotationtoclarifyapoint.

答案:squarebracketsAspecializedcollectionofarticlesonlyappliestoasingleacademicdiscipline,suchasliterarystudies,psychology,orhistory.

答案:對Plagiarismisseenasakindoftheft,andisconsideredtobeanacademiccrime.

答案:對Usually,nocitationsappearintheabstractthoughalimiteduseofreferenceisallowed.

答案:對InAPAstyle,ifthereisnoDOI,weshouldgivethefullURLortheURLofthehomepageofthejournal.

答案:對Thestructureofthediscussionsectionistomovefromgeneraltospecificinformation.

答案:錯Ifyoudonothavetimetoreadeverywordpublishedonthetopicyouarestudying,youmustfirstchoosecarefullywhatyoureadandthenassessitthoroughly.

答案:錯YoushoulddiscusseachoftheexperimentsorstudiesinthesamesequenceaspresentedintheResults,providingyourinterpretationofwhattheymeaninthelargercontextoftheproblem.

答案:對Visualdevicessuchasgraphsandtablesareaconvenientwayofdisplayinglargequantitiesofinformationinaformthatiseasytounderstand.

答案:對“Givingacitationforsomeinformationbutmisspellingtheauthor’sname”isnotplagiarism,butcarelessness.

答案:錯Writingadescriptivetitleforeachtableandfigureisforthereadertoknowexactlywhattheyarelookingatwithoutreferringtothetext.

答案:對Discussionshouldbemorethansummariesandgobeyondtheresults.

答案:對Themethodsectionshouldutilizesubheadingtodivideupdifferentsubsections.

答案:對Effectivediscussionsectionsarebasedonpoints,ratherthanonfacts.

答案:對InAPAstyle,foranonlinejournalarticlethathasbeenassignedaDOI,youshouldprovidetheDOIattheendofthereferencecitation.

答案:對Themainpurposeofanintroductionisto____________.

答案:givebackgroundinformationaboutthetopicofthepaper###setoutthespecificquestionstobeaddressedbytheauthorThemethodssectionprovidesthetechnicaldetailsof_________________.

答案:howastudyisconducted###howdataarecollectedtoansweraresearchquestion###howdataarecollectedtotestahypothesisInMLAstyle,theentryofperiodicalpublicationappearingonlyonthewebconcludeswith__________________________.

答案:dateofaccess###themediumofpublication(Web)Thepatternofopeningsentencesshouldinclude__________.

答案:development###timephrase###topicOpinionsinclude_______________.

答案:hypotheses###claims###arguments###ideasAdatabaseprovides____________ofscholarlypublicationsinanumberofareas.

答案:abstracts###fulltexts###bibliographiccitationsDescribetheparticipantsinyourexperiment,including:

答案:Howmanytherewere###Whotheywere###HowtheywereselectedThefunctionsofaliteraturerevieware:

答案:Itisalsocommontousetheliteraturesectiontoclarifythevaryingpositionsheldbyotherresearchers.###Itcanbeusedtoshowthatthereisagapintheresearchthatyourworkattemptstofill.###Itisalistofsourcesthatyouhavestudied.###Writersmayalsoshowhowchangesinthoughthaveappearedatdifferenttimes.Inascientificwritingcontext,anappropriateacademicwritingstyleshoulduse___________________.

答案:elaborationofideas###explanationofideas###synthesisofideasWeshoulddescribe__________________usedintheexperiment.

答案:stimuli###measures###materials###equipmentUnintentionalorcarelessplagiarismisespeciallylikelytooccurattwostagesofthewritingprocess—____________________.

答案:duringnotetaking###duringdraftingAsanInternetresearcher,youshouldreviewthesourceofeachsiteaccessedand______________ofeachdocumentaccessed.

答案:therelevance###thecompleteness###thetimelinessInDiscussionsection,youshoulddiscussreasonsforsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenyoursandothers’findingsbecause_________.

答案:youmayfindcrucialinformationinsomeoneelse’sstudythathelpsyouinterpretyourowndata.###youwillbeabletoreinterpretothers’findingsinlightofyours.Asforliteraturesearch,thestepsshouldinclude:

答案:Keepabibliographicaltrail.###Findmaterialsrelevanttothesubjectbeingexplored.###Gotothelibraryorgoontheinternet.###Markthesourcesasprimary,secondaryandtertiary.Citationisoftenusedto__________and____________.

答案:givedefinitions,introducetheoriesandmodels###describethepreviousstudies,giveexamples,synthesizesources###establishthelinksbetweensources,borrowtheresearchmethods###compareone’sownfindingsorinterpretationswithothersources.AsanInternetresearcher,youshould_______________________.

答案:remainfocusedontheresearchtopic###reviewpointofviewofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopic###resistthetemptationtobedistractedbyunrelatedsites###reviewthesourceofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopic###reviewcompletenessofalldocumentsrelatedtotheresearchtopicInmethodssection,youneedto:

答案:Provideanexplanationofhowtherawdatawasanalyzed.###Giveacompletelyaccuratedescriptionofthetechniquesusedforgatheringthedata.###Provideanexplanationofhowtherawdatawascompiled.###Giveacompletelyaccuratedescriptionoftheequipmentusedforgatheringthedata.FundamentalquestionstoanswerinDiscussioninclude:__________.

答案:Doyourresultsprovideanswerstoyourtestablehypotheses?###Ifwarranted,whatwouldbethenextstepinyourstudy?###Givenyourconclusions,whatisournewunderstandingoftheproblemyouinvestigatedandoutlinedintheIntroduction?###Doyourfindingsagreewithwhatothershaveshown?Afactisastatementthatcanbeshowntobetrueby_________or_______.

答案:observation###experimentAbibliographicdatabasecontains_____________________.

答案:abstracts###publicationfacts###subjectindexing###author###titleinformationInAPAin-textcitation,thenamesofmultipleauthorsarejoinedwith_________ratherthan_________inparentheticalcitations—butnotinthebodyofthepaper.

答案:anampersand;theword“and”Therearetwoversionsofquoting:____________________.

答案:author-focusedandinformation-focusedWhichsentencepatternisusedto“makerecommendations”inanabstract?

答案:Assuchithasimportantimplicationsnotonlyfor...butalsofor...Whilebrowsing,themindis________________;whilesearching,itis__________________.

答案:exploratoryandcurious;focusedandpurposefulWhichsentencepatterncanbeusedtoshow“l(fā)imitation”inDiscussionsection?

答案:Itshouldbenotedthatthisstudyhasexaminedonly...__________isusedtoshowlocation.

答案:MapInMLAstyle,apublicationofperiodicalpublicationsappearingonlyontheweboftendoesnothavepagenumbers;ifthatisthecase,use___________inplaceofpagenumbers.

答案:n.pag.Whichsentencepatternisusedto“introducetheproblem”inanabstract?

答案:...areextremelyactiveareasofresearchbecause...InMLAstyle,iftherearemorethanthreeauthors,cite_____________________withacommaandetal.

答案:thefirstandfollowthenameInMLAin-textcitation,whenyouciteaworkbymorethanthreeauthorsoreditors,cite________________,followedbyetal.______________.

答案:thefirstname;withnointerveningcommaIn-textcitationsshouldbeindicatedclearlyinthereferencessection,whosepurposeistoprovidereaderswithmoredetailsofthesourcesyouhavecitedinthepaper.

答案:對Closedquestionsareeasiertoprocess,butopenquestionswillcollectawiderangeofresponses.

答案:對Plagiarismthatoccursduringthewritingphaseisusuallytheresultofcarelessness.

答案:對InMLAstyle,alistofthesourcesusedinapaperthatservesasageneralacknowledgmentofindebtednesstoeach.

答案:對InAPAin-textcitation,itusuallyconsistsofthenameoftheauthor(s)andtheyearofpublication,andthepagenumberisaddedwhenutilizingadirectquotation.

答案:對Conclusionstendtobeshorterandmorevariedinformatthanintroductions.

答案:對Inresultssection,tablesand/orfiguresshouldbesequencedtopresentyourkeyfindingsinalogicalorder.

答案:對Inacademicwork,ideasandwordsarenotseenasprivatepropertybelongingtothepersonwhofirstthoughtorwrotethem.

答案:錯Inachronologicalreview,theauthorgroupsanddiscussespreviousstudiesintermsofthemesortopicstheycover.

答案:錯Basically,anabstractisasingleparagraph(about200words)containingabout4to10fullsentences.

答案:對InAPAstyle,monthsarespelledout,andmilitarystylecanbeusedfordates.

答案:錯WeshouldorganizetheDiscussiontoaddresseachoftheexperimentsorstudiesforwhichyoupresentedresults.

答案:對InAPAstyle,formorethansixauthors,listthefirstsixanduseetal.torepresenttheothersinReferences.

答案:對InMLAstyle,UniversityPressisabbreviatedUP,writtenwithoutperiodsandwithoutaspace.

答案:對InMLAstyle,thelistofworkscitedandindividualcitationsallowareadertoretrievefurtherinformationfromthesourcesandtoverifytheaccuracyofyourargument.

答案:對TheDiscussionsimplyrepeatsorrearrangestheIntroduction.

答案:錯Agoodliteraturereviewshouldfocusonpreviousstudiesandfindingsdifferentfromyourstudies.

答案:錯Theresultssectionalwaysbeginswithtext,reportingthekeyresultsandreferringtoyourfiguresandtablesasyouproceed.

答案:對Inintroductionsection,definitionsareneededineverycase.

答案:錯Titlesoffiguresarewrittenabove,whiletitlesoftablesarewrittenbelowthedata.

答案:錯62.Inresultssection,allresultsdeserveaseparatetableorfigure.

答案:錯CSEstyleiswidelyusedforscientificjournalsandisbasedoninternationalprinciplesadoptedbytheNationalLibraryofMedicine.

答案:對Themethodsectionshouldprovideenoughinformationtoallowotherresearcherstoreplicateyourexperimentorstudy.

答案:對Acombinationofbrowsingandsearchinghelpsyourecognizeifyourresearchtopicistoobroadandneedsnarrowing.

答案:對InMLAstyle,whenyoulisttwoormoreworksbythesameauthororeditor,givethenameonlyinthefirstentry.Insubsequententries,typethreehyphensandaperiodandspaceoncebeforethetitleofthework.

答案:對InMLAstyle,aninitialTheinbooktitlescanbeomitted.

答案:錯InpaperMLAstyle,weshouldbeginthecitationofananthologyoranysimilarcollectionofpiecesbyvariousauthorswiththenameoftheeditor.

答案:對Whenyouwanttoquote,youmustpreciselyindicatethecopiedwordsbyplacingquotationmarksaroundthetextifitisoverthreelineslong.

答案:錯InpaperMLAstyle,usethewordAnonymousiftheauthor’snameisknownbutnotgivenonthetitlepage.

答案:錯ThefunctionoftheDiscussionistointerpretyourresultsinlightofwhatwasalreadyknownaboutthesubjectoftheinvestigation,andtoexplainournewunderstandingoftheproblemaftertakingyourresultsintoconsideration.

答案:對After

completing

your

first

draft,

you

should

leave

it

for

a

day

and

then

reread

it,

asking

yourself

the

following

questions:

答案:Do

the

different

sections

of

the

paper

have

the

right

weight

(i.e.

is

it

well

balanced)?###Does

the

argument

or

discussion

develop

clearly

and

logically?###Have

I

forgotten

any

important

points

that

would

support

the

development?###Does

this

fully

answer

the

question(s)

in

the

title?As

you

revise

your

draft,

check

each

paragraph

to

make

certain

that

it

is

unified

around

a

single

idea

and

that

it

is

developed

in

logical

sequence.

答案:對The

test

of

a

statement

is

whether

you

understand

it,

not

whether

a

new

reader

will

be

able

to.

答案:錯適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)寫作風(fēng)格指的是:

答案:Uses

subject-

or

field-specific

language

to

the

extent

that

it

may

be

difficult

for

a

person

outside

the

area

to

fully

understand

the

text;

Uses

complete

sentences

and

paragraphs.###Use

in-text

reference

and

end-of-text

reference

list;

Is

based

on

research-supported

points.###Supports

arguments

by

quotes,

paraphrases

and

summaries;

Uses

elaboration,

explanation

and

synthesis

of

ideas.###Shows

formality

and

accuracy

in

the

choice

of

language;

Avoids

colloquial

language,

spoken

expressions

and

cliches.在本章中，使用正式文體時需要注意的語言點包括：

答案:Avoiding

Jargon###Using

the

Active

Voice###Varying

Sentence

Patterns###Writing

Concisely當(dāng)我們對論文進行校對時，在Citation部分應(yīng)該注意以下哪些方面？

答案:Have

all

sources

been

adequately,

consistently

and

correctly

in-text

referenced?###Are

you

sure

that

your

paraphrasing

is

rewritten

substantially

instead

of

by

changing

a

few

words?###Do

you

synthesize

well

from

several

sources

by

using

appropriate

reporting

verbs?###Are

you

sure

the

direct

quotation

should

be

used

less

and

an

indented

paragraph

used

to

highlight

it

if

the

quotation

runs

more

than

two

lines?In

MLA

style,

if

you

have

two

or

more

books

by

the

same

multiple

authors,

the

three

hyphens

should

be

used

for

all

entries

after

the

first.

答案:對In

CSE

style,

we

don’t

need

to

use

numbers

within

the

text

to

refer

to

the

end

references.

答案:錯下面哪些是參考書目的基本規(guī)則？

答案:Be

consistent

with

punctuation,

placement

of

the

year

of

publication

and

use

of

Italics.###Place

the

reference

list

immediately

after

the

conclusion

section,

but

before

the

appendix.###Do

not

include

sources

which

you

read

but

did

not

use.###Arrange

the

sources

alphabetically

by

the

last

name

of

the

author,

or,

if

there

is

no

author,

by

the

first

word

of

the

title.In

APA

style,

two

works

by

the

same

author

published

in

the

same

year

are

arranged

alphabetically

with

a

lowercase

letter

added

after

the

year

to

distinguish

between

them.

答案:對In

MLA

style,

if

you

are

likely

to

use

a

dissertation:

after

the

title

add

Diss.

(not

italicized

or

enclosed

in

quotation

marks),

the

university,

and

the

year.

答案:對In

APA

style,

only

proper

nouns

and

the

first

word

of

a

title

and

subtitle

are

capitalized.

答案:對Except

for

major

cities,

APA

style

uses

the

two-letter

postal

abbreviation

to

identify

the

state

in

which

the

publisher

is

located.

答案:對The

function

of

hedging

language

is

to

protect

you

from

possible

criticism

or

to

minimize

or

soften

what

you

say.

答案:對Basically,

an

abstract

is

a

single

paragraph

(about

200

words)

containing

about

4

to

10

full

sentences.

答案:對在Discussion

Section中，需要回答的基本問題包括：

答案:Do

your

findings

agree

with

what

others

have

shown?

If

not,

do

they

suggest

an

alternative

explanation

or

perhaps

an

unforeseen

design

flaw

in

your

experiment

(or

theirs?)###Given

your

conclusions,

what

is

our

new

understanding

of

the

problem

you

investigated

and

outlined

in

the

Introduction?###If

warrant