廣西壯族自治區(qū)2023-2024學年高二下學期開學聯(lián)合檢測英語試題（含答案解析）

高二年級2024年春季學期入學聯(lián)合檢測卷英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhydidthewomangotoMallorca?A.TolearnSpanish. B.Tolookforajob. C.Toseeafriend.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IwasinMallorcalastweek.M:Oh,whatwereyoudoingthere?W:Mybestfriendworkedthere.AndIwenttovisither.ItwasagoodchancetopracticemySpanish.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Takehimtohospital.B.Gotoaclasswithhim.C.Submitareportforhim.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ruth,I’vegotthisterriblecoldandIhavetoseeadoctor.IamafraidIcan’tgototheclass.CouldyouhelpmehandinmylabreporttoDr.Davidson?W:Sure,noproblem.Justtakecareofyourselfanddon’tworryabouttheclass.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whowilllookafterthechildren?A.Jennifer. B.Marie. C.Suzy.【答案】C【解析】【詳解】M:Marie,ifnoonetakescareofyourchildrenwhileyou’reaway,JenniferandIwillbegladtohavethemstaywithus.W:That’sverykindofyou.Butthey’vealreadyleftfortheirGrandma’s.Youknow,Suzylivescloseby.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Drivehome. B.Goshopping. C.Eatout.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Hurryupwithyourfood,Sally.Theysaythere’sabigstormcoming.We’dbettergethomebeforethat.W:Okay,I’mdone.Let’sgetbacktothecar.Couldyoucarrytheseshoppingbags?M:Oh,sure.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtofryfish.B.Howtomakecoffee.C.Howtoremoveabadsmell.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wedeepfriedfishthreedaysagointhekitchen,buttheunpleasantsmellstays.W:Thereisamethodyoucantry.Everytimeyoumakecoffee,drytheleftovercoffeegroundsandkeeptheminsmallbowls,thenplacethebowlsinthekitchen.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhendoesGomezwatchafootballgameonTV?A.Whenthestadiumiscrowded.B.Whenhisfriendsaretoobusy.C.Whenhefailstogetaticket.7.HowmuchdidGomezpayforthefootballgamelasttime?A.$20. B.$25. C.$50.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Areyouafootballfan,Gomez?M:Yes,Igotothestadiumwheneverthereisagoodgame.AndifIcan’tgetaticket,IwatchthegameonTV.Thatway,they’relessexcitingthough.W:Istheticketexpensive?M:Itdepends.Itusuallycostsabout20to50dollars.LasttimeIpaid25.W:That’snotveryexpensive.Maybewecangotogethersometime.M:Great.It’llbemorefuntowatchthegamewithafriend.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】8.WhatdidAlexdointheafternoon?A.Hehadawalk. B.Hewenthunting. C.Heplantedtrees.9.WhatdidAlexbringback?A.Flowers. B.Leaves. C.Books.10.WhatwasBobdoingwhenAlexsawhim?A.Fishing. B.Takingpictures. C.Swimming.【答案】8.A9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:You’reoutthewholeafternoon,Alex?Whatdidyoudo?M:Itookawalkbymyself.W:Youjustkeptwalkingandwalkingforfourhours?M:Actually,it’snotsoboring.Walkinginthewoodsisagrandadventure.Yourfeetcantakeyoutothemostamazingplaces.W:Whatdidyoudointhewoods?M:Ismelttheflowers,lookedatthebirds,andyeah,Ipickedmanytreeleaves.Iwillmakebookmarkswiththem.Look!W:Aren’ttheybeautiful?M:ThenImetBobatthelake.Hewasfishingwhilehiskidswerehavingaswim.W:Didyoutalktohim?M:No,Iwalkedonandtookalotofpictures.There’sjustsomuchouttheretosee.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.WhatdidDaviddoonhismostrecentholiday?A.Hehadaboattrip.B.Heclimbedamountain.C.Hetookaballoonflight.12.WhatareonDavid’slist?A.Thingshewishedtodo.B.Giftsheneededtobuy.C.Dateshehadtoremember.13.WheredoesthewomansuggestDavidgoforhisnextholiday?A.MountFuji. B.Thedeepsea. C.TheAmazon.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W:David,howwasyourholiday?M:Great,IclimbedMountFuji.Itwasreallybeautiful.NowIcancheckonemorethingoffmylist.W:Yourlist?M:Yes.WhenIwas12,ImadealistofthingsIwantedtodosomeday.W:That’sinteresting.Howmanyofthethingsonyourlisthaveyoudonesofar?M:Almosthalf.Ihavepictures.Wouldyouliketoseethem?W:Yes,sure.M:HereIamontopofMountFuji.AndhereIaminahotairballoon.W:Whendidyoudothat?I’vealwayswantedtogoupinahotairballoon.M:Itwastwoyearsago,inAugust,inCalifornia.W:Whatareyourplansforthenextholiday?M:I’mthinkingofdeep-seadivinginAustralia.Doyouhaveanyothersuggestions?W:YoureallyoughttotakeaboatdowntheAmazon.You’llseealotofinterestinganimalsandbeautifultrees.It’soneofthebestplacesI’vebeento.M:OK.I’llputitonmylist.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.WhydidSarahmakethephonecall?A.Toaskafavor.B.Topassonamessage.C.Tomakeanappointment.15.WhereisSarahnow?A.Atameetingroom. B.Atherhome. C.AttheSheltonHotel.16.WhattimeisMichaelleavinghisplacetomorrowmorning?A.At7:40. B.At8:00. C.At8:20.17.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenJohnandSarah?A.Neighbors. B.Fellowworkers. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Michael.M:Hi,Sarah.W:AreyouattendingtheconferencetomorrowmorningattheSheltonHotel?M:Yes.Areyou?W:Yeah,butwhenIarrivedhomefiveminutesago,Ifoundthatmycarwouldn’tstart.AndJohnisinBrightononbusiness.M:Doyouknowwhat’swrongwiththecar?W:I’mnotexactlysureIthinkthereisaproblemwiththeengine.Er...Iwonderifyoucouldgivemearidetothehoteltomorrowmorning.M:Sure.WhenshallIbeatyourplace?W:Well,whatabout8:00?FrommyplacetoShelton,wehavetodrivethroughthequarters,sowe’dbetterleaveearlytoavoidthetraffic.M:OK.Noproblem.Ittakestwentyminutestoreachyourplace.SoI’llsetoffat7:40.Bytheway,doyoualsoneedmetodriveyouhometomorrowafternoon?W:No,Johnwillbebackthen,andhe’llgetmehome.Thankyou,Michael.M:That’sokay.Seeyoutomorrow.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatdomostpeoplethinkisveryimportantinspokencommunication?A.Pronunciation. B.Grammar. C.Vocabulary.19.Whyshouldyoulistentoexpertsaccordingtothespeaker?A.Todevelopyourreadingfluency.B.Toimproveyournote-takingskills.C.Tofindoutyourmispronunciations.20.Whatisthespeaker’slastsuggestion?A.Spellingoutthedifficultwords.B.Practicingreadingthewordsaloud.C.Checkingthewordsinadictionary.【答案】18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,everyone.TodayI’lltalkabouthowtoimproveyourpronunciation.Languageresearcherssaypronunciationandfluencyarethebiggestbarriers,followedbygrammar,ineffectivespokenEnglish.However,mostpeopledon’tregardpronunciationasaveryimportantpartofcommunicationskills.They’remorefocusedonvocabulary.Onereasonisthatmostpeoplearenotevenawareoftheirmispronunciations.Soit’simportanttofirstfindoutthewordsyoumispronounce.Youshouldlistentoexperts,byexperts.Imeanthosewhoarelesslikelytomakepronunciationmistakes.Whenlisteningtothem,payattentiontowordsthatsoundstrange—strangebecauseyoupronouncethesamewordsdifferently.Whenyoucomeacrosssuchwords,checkadictionarytoconfirmtheirexactpronunciations.Youcanalsosearchfordifficult-to-pronouncewordsandnames,andmakealistofthem.Thelastsuggestionistoreadaloud.Nowyou’vegotthecorrectpronunciationsofthewords.It’stimetopracticereadingthemeveryday.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWithover70%ofthecountryblanketedinforest,BhutanisrichinoutdooractivitiesandcharmingvillagesthatshowcaseadistinctiveculturefoundnowhereelseontheEarth.HereareourpicksforthebestplacestoaddtoyourBhutantravelinglist.ParoLessthan10minutesawayfromtheairport,thehistoricriversidetownofParoisknownfortheNationalMuseum,RinpungDzongandsymbolicTiger’sNestMonastery.WanderalongParo’sstreetsandtheParoWeekendMarkettoexploreshopsandstandsofferinghandmadesouvenirs.Whenyou’veworkedupanappetite,stepintoanyrestaurantforfresh,handmademomodumplings.ThimphuInBhutan’scapitalcity,spendthedaycreatingyourownstampsattheBhutanPostalMuseum,touringthemassiveThimphu’smuseumsandwatchingpolicemenmanuallydirecttraffic(therearenotrafficlightsintheentirecity).Whenthesunsetsbelowthemountains,enjoyyourselfatbarslikeGreyArea,apopularartbarwithlivemusicwhereyoucanshout“tashidelek!”,aXizang’sexpressionforgoodluckandhealth.PunakhaBelovedforriversidefarmswherecowseatamongriceandpepperfields,Punakhaishometowhatisitsmostbeautifultemple,whichsitsalongthePunakhaRiver.Punakha’slowaltitudemeansittendstobehotterandsunnierthannearbytownsanddistricts,whichmeansyou’llneedtotakeprecautionstoavoidsunburn.KhomaFashionloverscanexpecttovisitbehindthecurtaininBhutan’stextilecenter,Khoma.IntheeasterndistrictofLhuentse,thisvillageishometoroughly1,000residents—andfewcars.Khoma’sartisansspendtheirdaysweavingdelicatepatternsanddesignsontraditionalBhutaneselooms(織布機),creatingcolorsfromthearea’smineralsandplants.21.WhatisrecommendedforvisitorstravelinginThimphu?A.Actingasapoliceman. B.Enjoyingthenightlife.C.Purchasingancientstamps. D.Tryinghandmadedumplings.22.WhatshouldvisitorscarrywhiletravelinginPunakha?A.Food. B.Lifejackets. C.Sunblock. D.Warmingclothing.23.Whichattractionbestsuitstouristswhoareinterestedintraditionalcrafts?A.Paro. B.Thimphu. C.Punakha. D.Khoma.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個不丹的旅游目的地?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenthesunsetsbelowthemountains,enjoyyourselfatbarslikeGreyArea,apopularartbarwithlivemusicwhereyoucanshout“tashidelek!”,aXizang’sexpressionforgoodluckandhealth.(當太陽落山時，你可以在GreyArea這樣的酒吧里盡情享受，這是一家很受歡迎的藝術酒吧，有現(xiàn)場音樂，你可以在那里大喊“tashidelek!”，這是西藏人對好運和健康的表達)”可知，建議在廷布旅游的游客享受夜生活。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Punakha’slowaltitudemeansittendstobehotterandsunnierthannearbytownsanddistricts,whichmeansyou’llneedtotakeprecautionstoavoidsunburn.(普納卡的低海拔意味著它往往比附近的城鎮(zhèn)和地區(qū)更熱、更陽光，這意味著你需要采取預防措施，避免曬傷)”可知，游客在普納卡旅行時應該攜帶防曬霜。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Khoma’sartisansspendtheirdaysweavingdelicatepatternsanddesignsontraditionalBhutaneselooms(織布機),creatingcolorsfromthearea’smineralsandplants.(科馬的工匠們每天都在不丹傳統(tǒng)的織布機上編織精美的圖案和圖案，用該地區(qū)的礦物和植物創(chuàng)造出色彩)”可知，Khoma最適合對傳統(tǒng)工藝感興趣的游客。故選D。BMs.McIntyre,38,workedasapublisher.Shesufferedbraincancerandherhealthgotworsedespitesomemedicaltreatment.Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.Thegroupcanpayoffmedicalbillsforabout100timeslessmoneythantheycost.Inotherwords,forevery100donated,thegroupcanpayoff10,000inunpaidmedicalbills.Unfortunately,Ms.McIntyrepassedawaybeforelong.Mr.GregorypostedamessageforMs.McIntyreonhersocialmediaaccounts.“Ifyou’rereadingthis,Ihavepassedaway,”thepostbegan.Thenthepostexplained,“Tocelebratemylife,I’vearrangedtobuyupothers’medicaldebtsandthendestroythedebts.”Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.Mr.GregoryplannedaspecialeventinDecembertocelebrateMs.McIntyre’slifeandtoannouncehowmanymillionsofdollarsofmedicaldebtshereffortshadpaidfor.24.WhydidMs.McIntyrefeelluckierthansomeotherpeople?A.Thedoctorseventuallycuredher. B.Herdiseasedidn’tbecomeworse.C.Shehadadecentjobbeforebeingill. D.Shehadsecurityaboutmedicalcare.25.HowdidMs.McIntyreandherhusbandhelpothers?A.Bypayingfortheirdailydebts. B.Bygivingawaymoneytothem.C.Byriddingthemofdebtsfromtreatments. D.Bypurchasingmedicalinsuranceforthem.26.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thepublicinvolvement. B.Thecouple’scommitment.C.Theoperationofawebsite. D.Theincreaseofmedicaldebts.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.McIntyre?A.Humorousandelegant. B.Influentialandunderstanding.C.Cautiousandpromising. D.Enthusiasticandadaptable.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了38歲的麥金太爾和丈夫建立了名為RIP醫(yī)療債務的組織，來幫助那些無力支付醫(yī)療債務的人?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsherealizedthatinaway,shewasluckierthansomeotherpeople.Shehadinsurancetohelppayforhermedicalcare.(但她意識到，在某種程度上，她比其他一些人幸運。她有保險來支付醫(yī)療費用)”可知，麥金太爾覺得自己比其他人幸運因為她有醫(yī)療保障。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughherhealthwasfailing,Ms.McIntyredecidedtohelppayoffthemedicaldebtsofasmanypeopleasshepossiblycould.ThecouplebegandonatingmoneytoagroupcalledRIPMedicalDebt,whichiscommittedtoworkingtopayofftheunpaidmedicaldebtsofothers.(盡管她的健康狀況每況愈下，麥金太爾還是決定幫助盡可能多的人還清醫(yī)療債務。這對夫婦開始向一個名為RIP醫(yī)療債務的組織捐款，該組織致力于為他人償還未付的醫(yī)療債務)”可知，麥金太爾女士和她的丈夫通過償還他人的治療債務幫助別人。故選C?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thecouplehadsetupapageonawebsitetoraisemoneyforthispurpose.Theyhadhopedtoraiseabout$20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(這對夫婦在一個網(wǎng)站上建立了一個頁面，為這個目的籌集資金。他們原本希望籌集到大約2萬美元。盡管如此，麥金太爾的最后一條帖子還是引起了很多關注。她的網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預期的10倍，捐款仍在不斷增加。到2023年11月22日，麥金太爾的網(wǎng)頁已經(jīng)籌集了超過62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務)”可知，第四段的主要內(nèi)容是公眾參與。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ButMs.McIntyreandherhusband,Mr.Gregory,knewthatmanypeoplewithcancerfacetoughdecisionsbecauseofthecostsofmedicalcareandwindupowingfarmorethantheycanpay.(但麥金太爾和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，許多癌癥患者因為醫(yī)療費用而面臨艱難的決定，最終欠下的錢遠遠超過了他們的支付能力)”可知，麥金太爾女士能夠理解他人的處境，結(jié)合第四段“Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre’slastpostattractedalotofattention.Thedonationsonherwebpagequicklypassedthetotalgoal.Inlessthanaweek,thesitehadraised10timesmorethanexpectedandthedonationsarestillcomingin.ByNovember22,2023,Ms.McIntyre’swebpagehadraisedover$627,000,orenoughmoneytopayoffabout$60millioninmedicaldebts.(盡管如此，麥金太爾的最后一條帖子還是引起了很多關注。她的網(wǎng)頁上的捐款很快就超過了總目標。在不到一周的時間里，該網(wǎng)站籌集的資金是預期的10倍，捐款仍在不斷增加。到2023年11月22日，麥金太爾的網(wǎng)頁已經(jīng)籌集了超過62.7萬美元，足以償還約6000萬美元的醫(yī)療債務)”可知，麥金太爾女士很有影響力。故可推知，麥金太爾女士有影響力和理解他人。故選B。CCanyounameafamouselephant?Babar,perhaps?OrDumbo?Thoughthesenamesmaybememorabletohumans,theysoundnothinglikethenameselephantsgiveeachother.“Ifyou’reanelephant,yournameissomethingmorelikealow,rumblingsound(隆隆的聲音),”scientistssay.ResearchershavefoundthatAfricanelephantsemitsoundsinresponsetoindividualsintheirsocialgroup,andthereceiversrespondaccordingly.Researchersrecorded527elephantcallsinnorthernKenyaand98callsinsouthernKenya.Theythendistinguishedwhichmemberswereseparatedfromtheherdatthetimeofeachcall,orwhichmemberswereclosetotheherd.Researcherscorrectlyidentifiedthereceiversof20.3%ofthe625recordedcalls.Thismarksastepforwardinunderstandinghowthesehighlyintelligentanimalscommunicate.“There’sacontactrumble,ananti-predatorrumbleandagreetingrumble.Ifyoulookataspectrogram(聲譜圖)withyoureyes,theyalllookalmostexactlythesame,”saidCaitlinO’Connell-Rodwell,anelephantbiologistatHarvardMedicalSchool.“That’swhyartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenexciting.Itallowsustoreallyfigureoutwhattheelephantsaresaying.”Asitturnedout,thecallsweredistincttothereceivers.Evencallsfromdifferentcallerstothesamereceiverweresimilar.Thepatternwaslessobviousthanitwasbetweenasinglecallerandhisorherreceiver.Thismaybebecauserumblesencodemultiplemessagesatthesametime,sotheAIsystemincomputermodelmaynothavebeenabletopickoutthe“name”usedineachcall.“Itjusthighlightsthecomplexityofwhat’sgoingon.Andwe’renotskilledenoughinthesemeasurementstofigureoutwhat’sgoingon,”saidCaitlin.However,theresearchshowshowelephantsarenavigatingthroughalargelandscapeandcanstillkeepintouchwithspecificindividuals.Itallowsthemtospreadoutmuchfurtherandstillhaveveryclosetabsonindividuals,notjustthegroup.28.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A.Elephantsseemtohavetheirownnames.B.Elephants’soundsdifferfromotherspecies.C.Elephants’namessoundexactlylikehumans’.D.Elephants’namessounddifferentfromeachother.29.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheirstudy?A.Bygroupingtheelephantsbasedonintelligence.B.Byobservingtheelephants’reactionstothecalls.C.Byanalyzingtherelationshipwithintheelephants.D.Bycopyingtheelephants’voicetocalltheirnames.30.WhatisthefunctionofAIintheresearch?A.Simplifyingtheprocess. B.Creatingaspectrogram.C.Lettingoutvariousrumbles. D.Makingouteachrumble.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howdoelephantscontacteachother? B.Whydoelephantsmaketheirvoice?C.Doelephantsnameoneanother? D.Doelephantsliketobecalled?【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)非洲大象會發(fā)出聲音來回應它們社會群體中的個體，而接受者也會做出相應的反應。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及這項研究顯示了大象是如何在廣闊的景觀中導航的，并且仍然可以與特定的個體保持聯(lián)系。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段““Ifyou’reanelephant,yournameissomethingmorelikealow,rumblingsound(隆隆的聲音),”scientistssay.ResearchershavefoundthatAfricanelephantsemitsoundsinresponsetoindividualsintheirsocialgroup,andthereceiversrespondaccordingly.(科學家說：“如果你是一頭大象，你的名字更像是一種低沉的隆隆聲。”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，非洲大象會發(fā)出聲音來回應它們社會群體中的個體，而接受者也會做出相應的反應)”可推知，大象似乎有自己的名字。故選A?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchersrecorded527elephantcallsinnorthernKenyaand98callsinsouthernKenya.Theythendistinguishedwhichmemberswereseparatedfromtheherdatthetimeofeachcall,orwhichmemberswereclosetotheherd.Researcherscorrectlyidentifiedthereceiversof20.3%ofthe625recordedcalls.(研究人員在肯尼亞北部記錄了527次大象叫聲，在肯尼亞南部記錄了98次。然后，他們區(qū)分出在每次鳴叫時，哪些成員離開了鹿群，哪些成員離鹿群很近。在625個呼叫記錄中，研究人員正確識別了20.3%的接收者)”可知，研究人員通過觀察大象對叫聲的反應進行他們的研究。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thismaybebecauserumblesencodemultiplemessagesatthesametime,sotheAIsystemincomputermodelmaynothavebeenabletopickoutthe“name”usedineachcall.(這可能是因為隆隆聲同時編碼了多個信息，所以計算機模型中的人工智能系統(tǒng)可能無法挑選出每個呼叫中使用的“名稱”)”可知，人工智能在研究中的作用是辨認每一次隆隆聲。故選D。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Canyounameafamouselephant?Babar,perhaps?OrDumbo?Thoughthesenamesmaybememorabletohumans,theysoundnothinglikethenameselephantsgiveeachother.(你能說出一頭著名的大象的名字嗎？可能是巴巴？還是丹波？雖然這些名字對人類來說可能很難忘，但它們聽起來一點也不像大象給彼此起的名字)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)非洲大象會發(fā)出聲音來回應它們社會群體中的個體，而接受者也會做出相應的反應。文章介紹了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及這項研究顯示了大象是如何在廣闊的景觀中導航的，并且仍然可以與特定的個體保持聯(lián)系?？芍?，C選項“大象會互相命名嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選C。DAsasayinggoes,you’reonlyasoldasyoufeel,butwhatifdifferentpartsofyourbodyagedatdifferentspeeds?Itturnsouttheydo.Thestudyabouttheageofourbodiesshowsthatdifferenttissuesinsideusareeffectivelydifferentages.In2012,ProfessorSteveHorvathattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,lookedatsomethingnew—DNAmethylation(甲基化),anaturallyoccurringprocessinwhichDNAischemicallychangedovertime.HorvathanalyzedtheDNAin8,000tissuesamplesfromdifferentpartsofthebodyindifferentpeopletostudythesemarkers.Whathefoundwasstriking—theamountofmethylationincellsfrommostpartsofthebodywasagoodpredictoroftheperson’sage.Buttherewereinconsistencies.Breasttissue,forinstance,agesrapidly,whereasmuscleagesslowly.Theratesofageingarealsodifferentinmenandwomen.“Therearemanymedicalimplications,fromcancertoprematureageingdiseases,”saysHorvath.Ithasalreadybeenestablishedthattissuethatlookssignificantlyoldercouldbecancerous.Horvath’sstudyfoundthatcanceroustissuehasabiologicalageonaverage36yearsolderthanasubject’sactualage.Couldthisknowledgehelpuslivelonger?“Ifthemarkersrelatetoaprocessthatcausesageing,thenitwouldbetheoreticallypossibletoslowdownageingbycarefullytargetingDNAmethylation,”saysHorvath.Butbeforescientistsgottoworkondealingwithmethylation,theyfirstneededtoestablishwhetherthesechangeswerethecauseofageingorjustabyproductofanotherprocess.Now,a2023studyfromtheUniversityofMichiganhasbackedupProfessorHorvath’sfindings,whichmeanstheycansafelymakefurtherstudiesofmethylation.“OurmainaimwastoseewhetherbiologicalageaccelerationmeasuredfromDNAmethylationwaspredictiveofhealthoutcomesanddeath,”saidresearchassociateprofessorJessicaFaul.“Itturnedoutthatitislargelythecase.YoucanusecertainDNAmethylationmarkerstopredictageandage-relatedoutcomesquitewell.”32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopicofthetext. B.Tosummarizethewholetext.C.Tooffersuggestionstoreaders. D.Tostimulatereaderstoimagine.33.WhatdoweknowaboutHorvath’sdiscoveryaboutmethylation?A.Ithelpspeoplelivemuchlonger. B.Itdoesn’talwayspredictone’sage.C.Itexistsinsomepartsofone’sbody. D.Itcausesthedifferentratesofageing.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“backedup”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Consulted. B.Contradicted. C.Approved. D.Predicted.35.HowdoesJessicaFaulfindDNAmethylationasapredictorofhealth?A.Avoidable. B.Unrealistic. C.Risky. D.Potential.【答案】32.A33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA甲基化可以幫助我們預測一個人的年齡，文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及人們對此的看法。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Asasayinggoes,you’reonlyasoldasyoufeel,butwhatifdifferentpartsofyourbodyagedatdifferentspeeds?Itturnsouttheydo.Thestudyabouttheageofourbodiesshowsthatdifferenttissuesinsideusareeffectivelydifferentages.In2012,ProfessorSteveHorvathattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,lookedatsomethingnew—DNAmethylation(甲基化),anaturallyoccurringprocessinwhichDNAischemicallychangedovertime.(俗話說，你的年齡取決于你的感覺，但如果你身體的不同部位以不同的速度衰老呢？事實證明確實如此。關于我們身體年齡的研究表明，我們體內(nèi)不同的組織實際上代表著不同的年齡。2012年，加州大學洛杉磯分校的史蒂夫·霍瓦特教授研究了一些新的現(xiàn)象——DNA甲基化，這是一種自然發(fā)生的過程，DNA隨著時間的推移發(fā)生化學變化)”可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主題。故選A。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Buttherewereinconsistencies.Breasttissue,forinstance,agesrapidly,whereasmuscleagesslowly.Theratesofageingarealsodifferentinmenandwomen.(但也有不一致之處。例如，乳房組織衰老得很快，而肌肉衰老得很慢。男性和女性的老齡化速度也不同)”可知，霍瓦特關于甲基化的發(fā)現(xiàn)并不總是能預測一個人的年齡。故選B?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“whichmeanstheycansafelymakefurtherstudiesofmethylation”可知，現(xiàn)在，密歇根大學2023年的一項研究意味著他們可以安全地對甲基化進行進一步的研究，說明這項研究支持了霍瓦特教授的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故劃線詞意思是“支持”。故選C。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““OurmainaimwastoseewhetherbiologicalageaccelerationmeasuredfromDNAmethylationwaspredictiveofhealthoutcomesanddeath,”saidresearchassociateprofessorJessicaFaul.“Itturnedoutthatitislargelythecase.YoucanusecertainDNAmethylationmarkerstopredictageandage-relatedoutcomesquitewell.”(研究副教授杰西卡·福爾說：“我們的主要目的是看看通過DNA甲基化測量的生物年齡加速是否能預測健康狀況和死亡。”“事實證明，情況基本上是這樣的。你可以使用某些DNA甲基化標記來很好地預測年齡和與年齡相關的結(jié)果?！?”可知，杰西卡·福爾認為DNA甲基化作為健康的一個預測因素是很有潛力的。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Peoplearealwayslivingwithtechnologynowadays.Herecomesasmarthome,whichiscontrolledbythetouchofabutton.____36____Thisactslikearemotecontroltoactivatehouseholdsystemsandmonitorinsidetemperatures.Ifdonesuccessfully,asmarthomesystemwillbeintegratedsoseamlesslythatahouseholdwillappeartorunitself.Homeautomationisdesignedtointroduceefficiencytoahome.____37____Anefficientsmarthomeusessensorstopreventoverwateringofoutdoorgardensandcontrolroomtemperaturesallofwhichcanreduceexpenses.Inadditiontocostsavings,homeautomationoftenprovidesasenseofsecuritytohomeowners.Familieswithchildrenorelderlyadultsinthehomemaybereassuredbysomesafeguardsinsmarthomesecurity,likefirealarmsthatalerttheappropriateagenciesintheeventofaproblem.Lightingactivationrunsontimers,whichcanbealifesaverifanovenisleftonwhensomeoneleavesthehome.____38____Homeautomationisnotjustforsafety,however.____39____Withacentralizedcontrolunit,apersondoesnothavetoleavethecouchtoturndowntheblindsorevenordergroceries,whichcanbeautomated.____40____Suchahomebecomesdependentontechnologyforroutinetasks.Ifsomethinggoeswrongwiththecentralautomationunit,itisnotjustoneapplianceatriskasmalfunctionscandisruptsystemsthatarevitaltorunningahome.Asaresult,forallpeople,ahomecanbecomeaplaceoftechnicalfaultsthatrepeatedlyrequirerepair.A.Asmarthomedoesn’tapplytoallfamilymembers.B.Itachievesthisbysavinghomeownerstimeandmoney.C.Therearesomedrawbackswithanautomatedhomesystem.D.Itcanalsoprovideconvenienceforpeoplelivinginthehome.E.Homeautomationdependsonfurnitureandhometemperatures.F.Throughhomeautomation,anentirehousecanbeconnectedviaasmartcontroller.G.Besidesprotectingpeople,italsoofferssecurityforexpensiveitemsinsidearesidence.【答案】36.F37.B38.G39.