高級英語(下)教案

教案

LessonOne

1.Theloweryourpositionis,themorepeopleyouareafraidof.(1)一此處采用了nthe+比較

級…+the+比較級…”結構，表示"越…，就越…”，前者是狀語從句，后者是主句。E.g.the

more,thebetter越多越好。Thehardersheworked,themoreprogressshemade.她工作越努力，

進步越大。

2.Andallthepeopleareafraidofthetwelvemenatthetopwhohelpedfoundandbuildthe

companyandnowownanddirectit.(1)-whofoundandbuildthecompanyandnowownand

directit為men的定語從句。另外注意，found意為”創(chuàng)立、設立E.g.ThePeopleJsRepublic

ofChinawasfoundedin1949.中華人民共和國于1949年成立。這里不要與find的過去分詞

found混淆，因常用的搭配形式為help(to)dosth.

3.Inthenormalcourseofabusinessday-(3)-inthecourseof為固定詞組，意為“在…當中

E.g.Inthecourseofthediscussionmanyconstructiveopinionswereheard.在討論當中，聽至了

很多具有建設性的意見。

4.GreenisafraidofmebecausemostoftheworkinmydepartmentisdonefortheSales

Department,whichismoreimportantthanhisdepartment,(3)-whichismoreimportantthan

hisdepartment為theSalesDepartment的非限時性定語從句。

5.??,everynowandthen???(4)一意為“時時“，有時“，也可用everynowandagain,e.g.Theactress

stillappearsonTVevernowandthen.這位女演員仍不時地出現(xiàn)在電視ho

6.,??heistoobusywithhisownworktopaythatmuchattentionto(forn.)+todo意思是“由于

太???以致不能”。E.g.Theproblemwassocomplicatedthatwecouldn,tsolve.這個問題太復雜，

我們無法解決。也可用so…that…替代。E.g.TheproblemwassocomplicatedthatwecouldnJ

tsolveit.詞組bebusywith意為“忙于…”，同時注意payattentionto后接名詞(動名詞)。

7.Mostoftheworkwedoinmydepartmentis,inthelongrun,trivial.(4)—wedoinmy

department為mostofthework的定語從句，其中的先行詞that已省略。Inthelongrun為插

入部分，意為”終究，到最后”。E.g.Hewilllosemoneyinthelongrun.他終究會把錢賠掉。

8.Ihaveoneotherpersonworkingformewhoisnotafraidofanyone,notevenme,andIwould

firehimquickly,butI'mafraidofhim…(5)—whoisnotafraidofanyone為oneotherperson的

定語從句。Fire在此做動詞，意為“解雇”。E.g.Attheendofamonthhewasfiredfor

incompetence.到月底時，他由于能力不夠而被解雇了。

9.Thepeopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeoplearethesalesman.(6)-The

peopleinthecompanywhoaremostafraidofmostpeople為主語部分，而whoaremostafraidof

mostpeople為定語從句，修飾people.

10.Theyliveandworkunderpressurethatisextraordinary.(6)——underpressure為固定的搭酉己形

式，意為"被迫，迫不得已thatisextraordinary為定語從句，修飾pressure.

11.onthevergeof(7)一瀕于，瀕臨，即將。注意該詞組通常用于不好的事情。E.g.Hewason

thevergeof(committing)suicide.他瀕臨自殺的邊緣。

12....arecordofthesalesresultsoftheprecedingweekforeachsalesofficeandfortheSales

Departmentasawholeforeachdivisionofthecompanyiskeptandcomparedtothesalesresults

forthecorrespondingweekoftheyearbefore.(7)—arecordofthesalesresultsofthepreceding

weekforeachsalesofficeandfortheSalesDepartmentasawholeforeachdivisionofthe

company為該句的主語部分，arecord為主語，而其他為其定語。

13.Theresultsofthisphotocopyinganddistributingisthatthereisalmostcontinuouspublic

scrutiny-(7)-thatthereisalmostcontinuouspublicscrutiny為該句的表語從句。

14.forfeartheymaystartdoingworse.(8)—forfear(that)意為"以免…，以防…”。E.g.She

hidherjewelryforfearthatitwouldbestolen.她把寶石藏起來，以防被偷。

15.Itmightevenbecanceledbeforeitisfilled,inwhichcasenooneiscertainifanythingwas

gainedorlost.(8)——inwhichcasenooneiscertainifanythingwasgainedorlost為該句的狀語從

句，修飾全句。

16.Eachofthemcannameatleastonesuperiorinthecompany,(9)—name在此做動詞，意為”

說出…的姓名E.g.Howmanycountriescanyouname?你能舉出幾個國家的名稱？

17.Thecompanyencouragesthis.(10)—encourage鼓勵。由前綴en-與courage(勇氣)結合而

成。前綴en-:l)置于名詞或形容詞前，構成動詞，表示"使得…”。E.g.enlarge"放大"；2)

置于名詞前，表示"放進，賦予二E.g.endanger”便陷入危險”。

18.,?,andrewardssalesmanwhomakeagoodimpressiononthegolfcourse.(10)-whomakea

goodimpressiononthegolfcourse為賓語salesman的定語從句。reward此處做動詞，意為”

獎賞”,該詞還常用做名詞。E.g.HEworkedhardwithoutanyhopeofreward.他還辛勤工作卻

絲毫不期待報酬。

19.…andsalesmanwhogetdivorced,orwhosewivesdie,knowtheyhadbetterremarryorbegin

lookingaheadtowardadifferentjob.(11)一whogetdivorced和whosewivesdie都是定語從句，

用來修飾salesman,theyhadbetterremarryorbeginlookingaheadtowardadifferentjob為該句

的賓語從句，其先行詞that已省略。begin的用法有兩種，即begintodosth.或begindoingsth.

20.??,thesalesmanreactverywelltotheconstantpressureandrigidsupervisiontowhichthey

aresubjected.(12)—該句中采用了reactto這一固定搭配，注意其后接名詞，意為“對…產生

反應”。E.g.Theeyereactstolight.眼對光會起反應。而towhichtheyaresubjected為修飾

supervision的定語從句。

繼續(xù)下冊第一課的教案：

21.Thesalesmenareproudoftheirpositionandofthestatusandimportancetheyenjoywithin

thecompany,forthefunctionofmydepartment,andofmostotherdepartments,istohelpthe

salesmensell.(13)—beproudof為固定搭配，意為“對…感到自豪theyenjoywithinthe

company為定語從句，修飾statusandimportanceo介詞for引導原因狀語從句，從句中的主:

干為…thefunctionistohelpthesalesmensell.Helpsb.(to)do為另一種搭配形式,其中的to

常省略，意為"幫助某人做某事"。EgIhelpedhimlookforhiskey.我?guī)退诣€匙。

22.ThepeopleinthecompanywhoareleastafraidarethefewinoursmallMarketResearch

Department,whobelieveinnothingandareconcernedwithcollecting,organizing,interpreting,

andreorganizingstatisticalinformationaboutthepublic,themarket,thecountry,andthe

world.(14)—whoareleastafraid為people的定語從句。而whobelieveinnothingandare

concernedwithcollecting,organizing,interpreting,andreorganizingstatisticalinformationabout

thepublic,themarket,thecountry,andtheworld為thefew的定語從句。詞組beconcernedwith

意為"與…有關系E.g.Heisconcernedwiththenewproject.他參與了那項新計劃。

23.,??andtheyknowtheywillnothavemuchtroublefindingjobspayingjustaslittleinother

companiesiftheylosetheirjobshere.(14)-theywillnothavemuchtroublefindingjobspaying

justaslittleinothercompaniesiftheylosetheirjobshere為該句的賓語從句，其先行詞that已

省略。從句中的固定搭配havetroubledoingsth.意為"做某事很費事”，口語中常用havetrouble

indoingsth.。e.g.Ihadnotrouble(in)findinghisoffice.我毫不費力就找到了他的辦公室。

24.Theirbudget,too,issmall,fortheyarenolongerpermittedtoundertakelargeprojects.。4)一

to。此處意為”也，而且"，通常置于句尾，但為避免意思的模糊不清，有時置于被修飾詞的

后面。E.g.She,too,liketraveling.她也喜歡旅行。因Shelikestraveling,too既可解釋為"她

對旅行也喜歡“，又可解釋為"她也喜歡旅行”。意義不清楚。表前者之意時重讀traveling,

表后者之意時重讀she。Undertake意為"承擔”，該詞由前綴under-與take構亦前綴under-

意為1)“不足夠的E.g.undervalue"低估"；2)“…之下的，…的下方E.g.underline”在…

下劃線”。

25.,?,andthereisnowayofknowinganymorewhethertheinformationonwhichwebaseour

owninformationfordistributionistrueorfalse.(15)一這個句子分為兒個層次，whetherthe

informationonwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistributionistrueorfalse為know的賓

語，而theinformationonwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistribution為該從句中的主

語而onwhichwebaseourowninformationfordistribution為該從句中的主語theinformation

的定語從句。

26.toagreatextent,,?(15)--大大地，大部分，與toalargeextent意同。E.g.Itwastoagreat

extentcomposedofinteHectuals.它主要都是由知識分子組成的。

27.Iamverygoodatthesetechniquesofdeception-?,(16)-begoodat為固定的搭配形式,

意為"擅長于…"e.g.Heisgoodat(playing)tennis.他很擅長打網球。

28.Therearesomanynowwhoactuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant.(16)-who

actuallybelievethatwhatwedoisreallyimportant為many的定語從句，而who為該從句中的

主語，thatwhatwedoisreallyimportant為believe的賓語從句，whatwedo又為該賓語從句

中的主語從句。

29.Thishappensnotonlytosalesmen,"(16)-happentosb.意為"發(fā)生于…身上”。E.g.She

hopednothingbadwouldhappentohim.她希望不會有壞事發(fā)生在他身上。注意如happento后

接動詞時，則意為“偶然，碰巧。E.g.Ihappenedtoseehimonthestreet.我碰巧在街上看見他。

30.about(16)一此處做副詞，意為“大概，約”，與approximately意同。E.g.Aboutfiftypeople

werepresent.大約有50人出席。

31.It'swiseperson,Iguess,whoknowshe'sdumb,andanhonestpersonwhoknowshe,sa

liar.(17)-Iguess為插入部分。該主句采用了itis…who…的強調句型，而anhonestpersonwho

knowshe'saliar為該強調句型的省略形式，其完整形式為anditisanhonestpersonwho

knowshe'saliar.

32.,?,dependingonhowwellorpoorlythingsaregoingattheofficeorathomewithmywife,or

withmyretardedson,orwithmyotherson,ormydaughter,orthecoloredmaid,orthenursefor

myretardedson…(17)—該句為狀語部分，其中多處由orwithmyretardedson,orwithmyother

son為withmywife的并歹U結構，而ormydaughter,orthecoloredmaid,orthenurseformy

retardedson與myotherson為并列結構。

33.Iamboredwithmyworkveryoftennow.(19)一beboredwith對…感到厭煩。E.g.Hewas

boredwiththesamestory.重復同樣的故事使他覺得厭煩。

34.…butIusuallyperformatmybestunderunderthisstimulatingkindofpressureandenjoymy

jobthemost.(20)一atone,sbest為固定搭配形式，意為“處于最佳狀態(tài)”。E.g.Thecherry

blossomsareattheirbest.櫻花盛開。

35.1handlealloftheseimportantprojectsmyself,…(20)—handle在此做動詞，意為“處理，應

付。該詞的其他常用意為：1)“把手”,egThehandleofthesuitcase.手提箱的把手;2)“觸

摸，e.g.Handletheglasswarewithcare.玻璃制品請小心輕放。

36.1frequentlyfeelVmbeingtakenadvantageofmerelybecauseVmaskedtodotheworkI'

mpaidtodo.(20)-Vnr??do.為賓語從句。I'mpaidtodo為thework的定語從句。而take

advantageof在此意為“利用(人或人的弱點等)"，其常用意為“利用E.g.Ihopethatthis

libraryisfullytakenadvantageof.我希望這座圖書館能被充分利用。

37.forawhile(21)一意為“一會"，while還可與形容詞搭配。E.g.Wehadtowaitalittlewhile

forthebus.我們只好等了會兒公共汽車。Ihaven'tseenhimforalongwhile.我已經好久沒

見過他了。

38.Attheverytop,ofcourse,arethosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents,towhom

thecompanyisnotyetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwho

regardtheirpresentassociationwithitassomethingtemporary.(21)—ofcourse為插入部分。因該

句的主語部分(thosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents,towhomthecompanyisnot

yetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwhoregardtheirpresent

associationwithitassomethingtemporary)過長，為保持句子的平衡，故該句采用了倒裝形式。

mostlyyoungandwithoutdependents為thosepeople的同位語，而towhomthecompanyisnot

yetaninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork,andwhoregardtheirpresent

associationwithitassomethingtemporary貝II為其定語從句。

39.regardlessof(21)一意為“不顧，不管E.g.Hesayswhathethinks,regardlessofother

people'sfeelings.他想到什么就說什么，毫不考慮別人的感受。

40.Ihavethefeelingnowthatthereisnoplaceleftformetogo.(24)-thatthereisnoplaceleft

formetogo為feeling的定語從句。

LessonTwo

A.

1.TherehadbeensevenpeopleinEveline'sfamily.Therewereonlyfiveofthemleft.Ernestand

motherdied.

2.Sheworkedinastore.No,shedidn'tfinditpleasant.

3.Shetriedhardtokeepthehousetogetherandtookcareofthetwoyoungchildren.

4.Herfathertreatedherbadly,andeventhreatenedtobeather.Butoccasionallyherfatherwas

reallynicetoher.

5.FrankwasasailorfromabroadandcametoIrelandforaholiday.

6.BecausehethoughtasailorwasnotreliableandFrankmightcheathisdaughter.

7.FrankaskedhertogoawaywithhimtobehiswifeandtolivewithhiminBuenosAyres.

8.Ononehand,shewasgladtoleavethepresentharshlifeandstarthernewlifewithFrankin

somedistantcountry.Butontheotherhand,whenshewasabouttoleaveherhome,shedidn't

finditawhollyundesirablelife.Soshewasratherhesitantaboutleaving.

9.Asuddenimpulseoffearthatshemightenduplikehermotherwholedacommonplacelifeand

diedincraziness.

10.1feelratherpitifulabouttheirparalysisandinabilitytopursuehappiness.

B.

1.她的頭靠在窗簾上，鼻孔中滿是提花窗簾上的塵土氣味。

2.她的父親經常用他那根黑刺李木的拐杖將她們趕出空地。

3.也許她再也見不到那些熟悉的東西了，她做夢也沒想到過會同它們分開。

4.而哈利在干教堂裝修，差不多總是在鄉(xiāng)下的什么地方。

5.他站在大門口，尖頂帽推到后腦上，頭發(fā)向前散亂垂在曬得黎黑的臉上。

6.她似乎又回到了客廳另?側那個封閉陰暗的房間，她聽到外面演奏著憂傷的意大利曲子。

7.透過棚子寬大的門，她瞥見黑糊糊的巨大的船體，停在碼頭墻旁邊，鉉窗亮著燈光。

8.她蒼白的面孔對著他，象個無助的動物?樣遲鈍。

C.

1.tumbling

2.unaccustomed

3.Whereonearth

4.spell

5.inhaled

6.wentfor

7.hadbeenlaidup

8.anguish

D.

1.Invariably

2.unaccustomed

3.squabbles

4.pitiful

5.melancholy

6.tumbled

7.unspeakably

8.spell

E.

1.eveningfellonthestreet

2....theywouldputupanadvertisementforashopassistantandfoundsomeonetoreplaceher.

3.Lookhigh-spiritedorfullofenergy.

4.Harryalwayssenttohisfatherasmuchmoneyashecould.

5.tobuydailynecessitiesforthefamily

6.asajoke

7.Shedidn'thavemuchtimeleftanditwastimetogoaway.

8....sheledanordinarylifeanddiedasamadwoman.

F.

EvelineconsentedtomarryFrank,anIrishsailor,wholivedinBuenosAyres.Theycameto

knoweachotheratthebeginningoftheholidayforwhichFrankreturnedtoDulin.Theywould

leaveforBuenosAyresthatnightbyboat.Theboatwouldstartoffinafewhours,butshestill

doubtedwhetheritwaswiseornottogosucharemotecountrywithFrank.Despitethefactthat

shehatedthejobinthestoreandherfatherdidnottreatherfairly,thatwastheonlylifeshewas

familiarwith.Inaddition,Evelinepromisedtohermotherthatshewouldtryherbesttokeepthe

housebeforethedeathofheremother.Butthevisionofhermother'smiserablelifeterrifiedherso

muchthatshelongedtoliveahappylifewithFrank.

However,shechangedhermindbeforeboardingtheboat.TheboatcarriedFrankaway.

Everyonedreamsofahappylife,butitrequiresmuchcouragetorealizeone'sdream.

LessonThree

A.

1.Theyarenotrealadvantagesofnewspapers,butofpapers.Itisahumorouswayoftheauthorto

introducethetopic.

2.TVcanservetheaudiencesintheformofbothsoundsandpictures.

3.Resistancetochangemarkstheendofnewspapers?usefulness.Becauseitresultsinendof

growth,which,inturn,markstheendofusefulness.

4.Televisionsprovideawiderangeofopinionsandbackgroundinformation,butthecoverageof

newsissuperficialandinadequate.

5.Thelocalnewspapersfailtoinformpeoplebecauseofthepartisanshipandresistancetochange.

6.Sheisawriter.

7.Bycriticizingthenewspapers,theauthoraimsatimprovingthismediumsothatitcanbetter

performtheserviceofinformingpeople.

8.Newsmendonottreatwordwithrespectitdeserves.

B.

1.報紙居第二位…

2.如果你從廣播電視雜志和報紙上得到對同一新聞互相矛盾或不同的報導，這四種報導

中您最愿意相信哪一種？

3.電視比報紙依靠廣告的程度甚至還要大，既然廣告是筆大生意，廣告從本性上就是親共

和黨的。

4.???一個可恥的事實：有責任向美國民眾提供消息的報紙卻只向他們提供一面之辭。

5.畫面常常凌駕于觀點之上。

6.電視還通過邀請四五位專家在電視上.展開論戰(zhàn)來提供各種不同的見解。

7.這種對變革的抵制就是發(fā)展的終止，而停止了發(fā)展，報紙也就毫無用處了。

8.寫社論時訴諸于感情比講道理要容易。

C.

1.substitute

2.cheapened

3.invain

4.stuffed

5.entrusted

6.passfor

7.tookprecedenceover

8.caterto

D.

1.advantage

2.asawhole

3.encountered

4.confinedto

5.coverage

6.justified

7.appeal

8.functioned

E.

1.thefacethathasnotbeenmadeupinthemorningandis,therefore,notgoodtolookat

2.peopleworkingfornewspapers;peopleworkingformagazines

3.oppositeandcontradictory

4.criticizeandattackeachother

5.befaraheadinthelist

6.newspaperbeingownedbyoneparticularparty

7.makesnewsreportingmoreprominentandimportantthanadsfordogfood

8.Theworldwilldefeatpicturesandsoundsandbecomethemostimportantmedium.

F.

Televisionhasmanyadvantagesovernewspapers.WhenwewatchTV,weusebothoureyes

andourears.Wecannotonlyseethewordsandpicturesonthescreen,butalsohearthesounds

andmusic.Itisfasterandeasierfortelevisiontotransmitnewsthannewspapers,butTVliveson

advertisingtoagreaterextent.TVcaterstothelowestinstinctofmantogainbigprofit.Inthe

UnitedStates,TVentrainmentisfullofviolenceandsex.Veryoften,TVcoverageofnewsis

superficialandinadequate.

TherearealsomanyproblemswithAmericannewspapers.Themostprominentarethe

distortionoffactsandtheattackonthecountries,peoplesandsocialsystemswhichtheydon't

like.

LessonTwo

1.Shesatatthewindowwatchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue.(1)一本句中,現(xiàn)在分詞短語

watchingtheeveninginvadetheavenue作動詞sat的伴隨狀語。

2.,??inhernostrilswastheodourofdustycretonne.(l)一本句為倒裝句，正常語序為Theodour

ofdustycretonnewasinhernostrils.

3.??,sheheardhisfootstepsclackingalongtheconcretepavementandafterwardscrunchingon

thecinderpathbeforethenewredhouses.(2)一本句中，clacking??,and??,crunching為并列結構，

作heard的賓語補足語。介詞短語beforethenewredhouses作定語修飾patho

4.Onetimethereusedtobeafieldthereinwhichtheyusedtoplayeveryeveningwithother

people*schildren.(2)—onetime表示“曾經，-度E.g.Atonetimeweusedtogoskiingevery

winter.我一度每個冬天都去滑雪。Inwhich引導一個表示地點的定語從句修飾field。Used

tobe表示“過去經常二E.g.Lifehereismucheasierthanitusedtobe.如今這里的生活比從前

可舒服多了。請注意它與beusedto(doing)sth.的區(qū)別，后者意為“習慣，適應”。E.g.The

foodinEnglandisstrangeatfirstbutyouwillsoongetusedtoit.英國食物?開始吃不慣，但不

久你就會適應。

5.,?,builthousesinit——notliketheirlittlebrownhouses,butbrightbrickhousewithshining

roofs.(2)一本句中，not…but…為一個常用結構，表示“不是…而是…二

6.littleKeoghthecripple(2)—thecripple為littleKeogh的同位語。

7.Herfatherusedoftentohunttheminoutofthefieldwithhisblackthornstick;…(2)—hunt本

意為“打獵"，這里是“驅趕;趕走”的意思。E.g.Hunttheneighbor*scatoutofthegarden!

把鄰居的貓趕出花園！in這里是副詞，huntin這里可譯為“趕回家去”。

8.keepnix(2)-這里是俚語,意為“監(jiān)視;站崗“；相當于”keepwatch”。

9.Stilltheyseemtohavebeenratherhappythen.(2)—still表示“盡管這樣"，相當于”inspiteof

this“。E.g.Hehastreatedyoubadly;still,he,syourbrotherandyoushouldhelphim.他待你不

好，但他終究是你的兄弟，你應該幫助他。

10.Shelookedroundtheroom,reviewingallitsfamiliarobjectswhichshehaddustedoncea

weekforsomanyyears,wonderingwhereonearthallthedustcamefrom.(3)——現(xiàn)在分詞短語

reviewing…和wondering…作looked的伴隨狀語。Which弓|導一個定語從句，修飾objects。

Onearth通常用來加強語氣，意為“到底，究竟”。E.g.Whatonearthareyoudoing?你到底在

做什么？

11.Perhapsshewouldneverseeagainthosefamiliarobjectsfromwhichshehadneverdreamed

ofbeingdivided.(3)一fromwhich引導一個從句修飾objects,其中介詞from是與divide連用，

表示“與…分開"。Notdreamofsth./doingsth.是固定短語，意為“無論如何也不做某事”。E.g.

Ishouldneverhavedreamtofsayingsuchathing.我無論任何也不會說出這樣的話來。表示

“夢見某事物”時,常用"dreamof/aboutsth./doingsth.”結構。E.g.Idreamtaboutflyinglast

nighl.昨晚我夢見自己在飛翔。

12.Andyetduringallthoseyearsshehadneverfoundoutthenameofthepriestwhoseyellowing

photographhungonthewallabovethebrokenharmoniumbesidethecolouredprintofthe

promisesmadetoBlessedMargaretMaryAlacoque.(3)一木句中，whose引導的定語從句修飾

thepriest,其中yellow是動詞，意為“變黃，發(fā)黃E.g.Themanuscripthadyellowedwithage.

手稿因年久而發(fā)黃了。介詞短語onthewall,abovethebrokenharmonium,besidethecoloured

printofthepromises均為表示地點的狀語；過去分詞短語made…作定語修飾promises.

13.consenttodo(4)一意為“同意E.g.Theyfinallyconsentedtogowithus.他們最終同意跟

我們一起走。還可以說：“consenttosth."。E.g.Shemadetheproposal,andIreadilyconsentedto

it.她提出建議，我欣然同意。

14.Shetriedtoweigheachsideofthequestion.(4)—weigh本意為"稱重E.g.Thispieceof

meatweighsfourpounds.這片肉重四磅。在這里是“衡量”的意思。E.g.toweighttheprosand

cons權衡正反兩方面的意見。

15.,?,shehadthosewhomshehadknownallherlifeabouther.(4)—這里about相當于around,

意為“在身邊”。這個句子的主句為Shehadthoseabouther.其中含有一定語從句，其關聯(lián)詞

whom在從句中作賓語。

16.…andherplacewouldbefilledupbyadvertisement.(4)—fill本意為“添滿”，這里意為“派

某人擔任某職”。E.g.Thevacancyhasalreadybeenfilled.空缺已有人補上。

17.Shehadalwayshadanedgeonher,especiallywhenevertherewerepeoplelistening.(4)一

haveedgeon/oversb.意為“略月生過E.g.Theyoungtennisplayerdefinitelyhadtheedgeonhis

folderopponent.年輕的網球選手顯然要比年長的那個對手略勝一籌。在本文中可理解為“總

想壓她一頭”。

18.Shewouldnotbetreatedashermotherhadbeen.(8)一本句中省略了一些成分，原句應為"

Shewouldnotbetreated(inaway)ashermotherhadbeentreated.,,

19.Sheknewitwasthatthathadgivenherthepalpitations.(8)——本句中，第——個that指代上文

中提到的“她擔心挨父親的打”這件事，第二個that為強調句"itwas…that”結構中的that.

20.gofar(8)—在本文中意為“攻擊；打E.g.Thenewspaperreallywentforhimoverhis

defenseofterrorism.報紙對他偏袒恐怖主義的行為大肆攻擊。另外，gofor還有以下常見的意

思：1）適用于。WhatIsaidaboutSmithgoesforyou,too.我說的有關史密斯的話也適用于你。

2）去找來。ShallIgoforadoctor?我去請醫(yī)生來好嗎？3）喜歡。Idon'Igomuchformodernart.

我不太喜歡現(xiàn)代藝術。4）選擇。IthinkI'11goforthefruitsalad.我想我還是要水果沙拉吧。

21.,??butlatterlyhehadbeguntothreatenherandsaywhathewoulddotoheronlyforherdead

mother?ssake.(8)一本句中，latterly是"近來”的意思,相當于“l(fā)ately;nowadays"。Forthe

sakeofsb./forsb/ssake,意為“為了某人起見E.g.V11helpyouforyoursister*ssake.

看在你姐姐的面子上，我會幫助你。Only這里是“要不然；要不是”的意思。E.g.Hewould

probablydowellintheexaminationonlyhegetsverynervous.他要不是考試時太緊張，成績可

能會不錯。這句話可譯為“要不是看在她死在的母親的面上，他會怎樣對待他J

22.IntheendhewouldgivehermoneyandaskherhadsheanyintentionofbuyingSunday*s

dinner.(8)—該句的這種說法不太普遍，通常我們會說"askherifshehadanyintentionof

buyingSunday?sdinner”。

23.Thenshehadtorushoutasquicklyasshecouldanddohermarketing,holdingherblack

leatherpursetightlyinherhandinherhandassheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdsand

returninghomelateunderherloadofprovisions.(8)一本句中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語holding…和

returning…為并列成分修飾動詞do,前者作伴隨狀語，后者表示結果。As連接同時發(fā)生的

兩個動作hold和elbowoElbowone'swaythrough用肘朝一方向強行開路，e.g.Heelbowed

hiswaythroughthecrowd.他用肘開路，從人群中擠過。

24.Shehadhardworktokeepthehousetogetherandtoseethatthetwoyoungchildrenwhohad

beenlefttoherchargewenttoschoolregularlyandgottheirmealsregularly.(8)一本句中，charge

譯為“照管,監(jiān)護”。E.g.toleaveachildinafriendJscharge把孩子留給朋友照顧。That引

導的賓語從句中，who引導的定語從句修飾childreno

25.Shewastogoawaywithhimbythenight-boattobehiswifeandtolivewithhiminBuenos

Ayres,wherehehadahomewaitingforher.(9)一本句中，不定式tobehiswife和tolivewith

him作目的狀語。Where引導的非限定性定語從句修飾BuenosAyres。

26.Hewasstandingatthegate,hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishairtumbled

forwardoverafaceofbronze.(9)—hispeakedcappushedbackonhisheadandhishair

tumbled…為獨立結構，邏輯主語分別為hispeakedcap和hishair。試比較：l)Turningtothe

right,youwillseethechurch.向右轉,你會看到教堂。2)Johnarrivinghome,Maryaskedhimto

dine.約翰回到家里，瑪麗要他去吃飯。第一句中分句的主語是you與主句的主語的一致，可

改寫為Ifyouturntotheright,youwillseethechurch.二第二句中分詞的主語為John,跟主

句的主語從句不一致，可改寫為“WhenJohnarrivedhome,Maryaskedhimtodine.

27.HehadstartedasadeckboyatamonthonashipoftheAllanLinegoingoutofCanada.(9)一

at指比率、價格、速度等。E.g.Iboughtthiscoatathalf-price.我用半價買了這件衣服。Line

這里指“運輸公司E.g.ashippingline輪船公司，anairline航空公司。分詞短語goingoutto

Canada作定語修飾ship。

28.HehadfallenonhisfeetinBuenosAyres.(9)一fallonone'sfeet表示“迅速恢復”,這里

可譯為“站穩(wěn)腳跟二

29.Thewhiteoftwolettersinherlapgrewindistinct.(12)-white這里是名詞"白色”的意思。

E.g.bedressedinwhite穿一身白色的衣服。

30.,??whenshehadbeenlaidupforaday…(12)這里layup表示“臥床不起E.g.Ihavebeen

laidupwithfluforaweek.我患流感已在家休息了一個星期了。

31.Hertimewasrunningout,butshecontinuedtositbythewindow,leaningherheadagainstthe

windowcurtain,inhalingtheodourofdustycretonne.(13)一runout表示“耗盡，用光”的意思。

E.g.Wearerunningoutofpetrol.我們的汽油快用光了。分詞短語leaning…和inhaling…為并

列結構，作伴隨狀語修飾sit。

32.Sheknewtheair.(13)一air這里意為“曲子”。

33.Strangethatitshouldcomethatverynighttoremindherofthepromisetohermother,her

promisetokeepthehometogetheraslongasshecould.(13)—strange前省略了Itis…，這種結

構后面的賓語從句通常要用shou1d+動詞原形的虛擬語氣結構。herpromisetokeepthehome

togetheraslongasshecould為前面thepromise的同位語，進一步說明promise的內容。Keep

thehometogether這里意為“維持這個家”。

34.AsshemusedthepitifulvisionofhermotherJslifelaiditsspellontheveryquickofherbeing

一thatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness.(15)一本句中的主句的主語為

thepitifulvisionofhermother,slife。Spell本意為“魔力、威勢”，這里可理解為“觸動；

震動”的意思。thatlifeofcommonplacesacrificesclosinginfinalcraziness為hermother'slife

的同位語。現(xiàn)在分詞短語closinginfinalcraziness表示結果，可譯為“最后卻死于精神失?！?。

35.Throughthewidedoorsoftheshedsshecaughtaglimpseoftheblackmassoftheboat,lying

inbesidethequaywall,withilluminedportholes.(18)—現(xiàn)在分詞短語lying…和介詞短語with

illuminatedportholes作伴隨狀語。Catchaglimpseof意為“一眼瞥見"°E.g.Hecaughtaglimpse

ofherbeforeshebanishedintothecrowd.他看見她一閃就在人群中消失了。

LessonThree

1.Newspapershavetwogreatadvantagesovertelevision.(1)一句子中havetwogreatadvantages

over意為“勝于，優(yōu)于E.g.Youhaveanadvantageoverme.Youcanmakedress.你比我強，

你會做衣服。Advantage還可.用在其他短語中：givesbanadvantageover意為“使某人比較

有利E.g.John'suniversityeducationgavehimadvantageoverotherboys.約翰所受的大學教

育使他比其他男孩處于更有利的地位。Takeadvantageof的意思為“利用”。E.g.Itook

advantageofthemomenttoleavetheroom.我利用那一刻離開了房間。Tosb'sadvantage意為

“對某人有利”。E.g.Itistoouradvantagetorecognizethischaracteristic.認清這一特點對我們

有利。

2.against⑴一介同，這里意思是“預防，防備”。它還有其他不同的譯法。Wehavesavedsome

moneyagainstoldage.我們積攢了一些錢以備養(yǎng)老。還可表示反對關系。E.g.Wearegoingto

callageneralstrikeagainstarmedintervention.我們準備號召一次大罷工以反對武裝干涉。英語

中常用介詞來表示動作，意思相當于漢語中的某些動詞，翻譯時應注意詞類轉換。

3.Butherearesomeinterestingstatisticsfromalittle,andlittleknown,survey*(2)——這是個

以here引起的倒裝句。由here引起謂語是be的句子常使用倒裝結構，e.g.Hereisyourbook.

這是你的書。但如果主語過短，就仍用正常語序。E.g.Hereweare.Thisistherailwaystation.

咱們到了，這就是車站。句中第一個little為形容詞，意思為“小的”，直接修飾后面的名詞

survey；第二個little是副詞，意思為“很少”，修飾形容詞known。

4.Initheaskseverybodybutmethisquestion:(2)一代詞it指上文中的surveyoBut為介詞,

意思是“除去，除了"，多和nothi