2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第23講定語從句（核心考點(diǎn)）（原卷版）

第23講定語從句（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題定語從句考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表時(shí)間卷次語法填空/短文改錯(cuò)/單項(xiàng)選擇2023年新高考I卷語法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語法填空:where；as短文改錯(cuò)：what改為which全國(guó)乙卷語法填空:which/that短文改錯(cuò)：that改為whose北京卷語法填空:where浙江卷(1月)語法填空:/(6月)語法填空:/天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇：/2022年新高考I卷語法填空:that新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空:/全國(guó)甲卷語法填空:who短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：what改為which北京卷語法填空:which浙江卷(1月)語法填空:that/who(6月)語法填空:/天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇：forwhom2021年新高考I卷語法填空:/新高考=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空:which或that全國(guó)甲卷語法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：/全國(guó)乙卷語法填空:/短文改錯(cuò)：北京卷語法填空:that；where浙江卷(1月)語法填空:that或which(6月)語法填空:/天津卷3月卷：where單項(xiàng)選擇:fromwhich；Where；（第二次）單項(xiàng)選擇:when2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年對(duì)于定語從句主要考查：1．關(guān)系代詞的用法；2．關(guān)系副詞的用法；3.非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞；4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法。【備考策略】了解定語從句的基本用法;區(qū)分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句;熟知關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法并能正確判斷使用哪種關(guān)系詞；掌握"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語從句及as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】預(yù)測(cè)2024年定語從句仍會(huì)是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)之一,預(yù)測(cè)高考對(duì)該考點(diǎn)的考查集中在關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who等)及關(guān)系副詞(when,where等)的選用上。定語從句基本概念1）定語從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾限定某一名詞(或代詞)的句子，叫定語從句。定語從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，故又稱為形容詞性從句。2）定語從句的位置：定語從句常置于被修飾詞之后；as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。3）定語從句的功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。4）定語從句的類別：定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。5）先行詞：定語從句修飾的名詞和代詞叫先行詞。6）關(guān)系詞的三大作用：替代作用：在定語從句中替代先行詞。成分作用：在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。連接作用：連接主句和定語從句。關(guān)系代詞/副詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語、狀語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)名詞或抽象名詞(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地點(diǎn)狀語whythereason原因狀語考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞的用法一、常見關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1.that可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語。2.which指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。如：Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主語）3.who,whom,whose（1）who:主格,在從句中作主語，只可指人（2）whom:賓格，在從句中只能作賓語;只可指人（3）whose:表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。譯為：某人的，某物的（4）whose+名詞=the+n.+ofwhich(某物的)=he+n.+ofwhom(某人的)注意：①關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(在定語從句中，介詞提前時(shí)，介詞后：表人用whom；表物用which)②關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞可放于從句之首,也可放于從句之末.但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who和that用作介詞賓語時(shí),介詞必須放在句末。）Thereare30studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenorthofChina.這個(gè)班里有30名學(xué)生，他們來自中國(guó)北方。Doyouknowtheboywhosehandwritingisverybeautiful?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)書法非常漂亮的男孩嗎？I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.→I'dlikearoom,thewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.→I'dlikearoom,ofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一個(gè)窗戶朝向大海的房間。4.asa：as作為關(guān)系代詞，常常用于固定句型中。thesame...as,as,such....as,so....asTheycouldonlyreadsuchstoriesashadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.(as作主語)他們只能讀類似這樣的一些用簡(jiǎn)易英語改寫的故事。Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.(as作賓語)這些房子以人們期望的低價(jià)出售。ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.(as作賓語)這把小刀和我丟的那把很相似。b：such...as...與such...that...的區(qū)別such...as...中的as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，而such...that...中的that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，as在從句中一般作主語或賓語，而that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)，that在從句中不作任何成分。Thisissuchadifficultproblemasmostofuscan'tworkout.這是一個(gè)我們大多數(shù)人都不能解決的難題。(從句中的workout缺少賓語，前面的as是關(guān)系代詞，用作workout的賓語。)Sheissuchakindgirlthatmanystudentslikeher.她是個(gè)善良的女孩所以很多學(xué)生喜歡她。(狀語從句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，在從句中不作成分。)二、that、which的辨析1.只能用that，不能用which的情況（1）先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞或先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾。?Allthepeoplethatefromthecountryworkmuchharder.所有來自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力得多。（2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、theonly，thevery，thelast等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that，不用which.如：?ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasCities.我讀的第一本英文小說是《城市》。?ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.這是我見過的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。?Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.這是我們現(xiàn)在惟一能做的事情。（3）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that，不用which.如：?Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。?TheforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.外國(guó)游客高度贊揚(yáng)了他們?cè)谏倌陮m所看到的少先隊(duì)員以及他們的表演。（4）關(guān)系代詞在限定性定語從句中作表語并帶有類比含義時(shí)，通常只用that，不用which.如：?Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.他不再是過去的那位明星了。?Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我們的學(xué)校不再是以前的那所學(xué)校了。（5）句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)which，為避免重復(fù)，不用which而用that引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。如：?Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus？超過我們的是哪輛車？2.只用which，不能用that的情況（1）在介詞提前到關(guān)系代詞之前形成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來修飾表事物的先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須用which.如：?Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.我們住的房子非常大。?Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。注意：如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首，which就可換為that，如：?Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwe’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。（2）先行詞為“those＋表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that.例如：?Studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.學(xué)生應(yīng)牢記那些規(guī)范自己的行為準(zhǔn)則。?Abookshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.書店應(yīng)該經(jīng)營(yíng)新出版的各種暢銷書。（3）當(dāng)先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that。三、as，which的辨析一、相同點(diǎn)兩者引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，可指代主句中的部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，位于主句之后有時(shí)可互換。Themeetingwasputoff,as/whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.會(huì)議被推遲了，這正是我們想要的。Hewasadoctor,as/whichIknewfromhismanner.他是一名醫(yī)生，我是從他的舉止中知道的。二、不同點(diǎn)1.as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句之后。Asisknowntoall,fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.眾所周知，魚離開水無法生存。Air,asweknow,isgas.正如我們所知，空氣是氣體。2.在非限制性定語從句中，which后的be動(dòng)詞不可?。欢鴄s后的be動(dòng)詞可以省略。Shetoldmeshewonthematch,whichwasalie.她告訴我們她贏得了比賽，這是一個(gè)謊言。Thematerialiselastic,as(was)showninthefigure.這種材料是有彈性的，正如圖中所示。3.which在非限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)可用各類動(dòng)詞作謂語；而as作主語時(shí)，謂語常用系動(dòng)詞，如be，seem，bee等，一般不用其他行為動(dòng)詞。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他看見了那個(gè)女孩，這讓他很高興。Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.他在會(huì)議上一言未發(fā)，這看起來非常奇怪。4.as常用＂正如＂含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有asweknow（眾所周知）；asoftenhappens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；asisoftenthecase（情況常常如此）；asweallcansee（正如我們看到的）；beannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。Katewaslateforschool,asoftenhappened.凱特上學(xué)遲到了，正如常發(fā)生的那樣。5.在非限制性定語從句中，which可指代主句中的某一個(gè)單詞，as不可以。Mybrotherenjoyedplayingbasketball,whichhereallyplayswell.我哥哥喜歡打籃球，他打得非常好。Beijing,whichhewasbornin,isourcapital.北京，他出生的地方，是我們的首都。6.＂介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）＂中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。TheTravelAgency,withwhichourpanyhasbeendealingforseveralyears,hasopenedfornewbranches.那家與我們交易了好幾年的旅行社又開了新的分店。Airisamixtureofgases,ofwhichoxygenforms21percent.空氣是一種氣體的綜合體，其中氧氣占了21%。7.從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，常用which。HecanwritealetterinEnglish,whichIcannot.他可以用英語寫信，我不能。Metalwillbearbeatingwithahammer,whichastonewillnot.金屬能承受得住用錘子敲打，但是石頭則不能。8.非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞代表前面主句中的賓語從句時(shí)，常用which。Hesaidhehadpassedtheexam,whichwasuntrue.他說他通過了考試，這是假的。1.（2023·全國(guó)乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

2.【2023年全國(guó)乙卷】Thecolorshechoosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawomanthathaircolorlookedjustperfect.3.（2023·全國(guó)甲卷）Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.

1.【2023屆山東省濟(jì)南市山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三模擬】Thedoctormayalsoaskthepatientaboutstressatworkorhomeandanydifficulties67maybecausingthepatienttobeoutofbalance.2.【2023屆重慶市第八中學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期高考考前模擬】Locallegendhasitthatawhitesnakespiritwasonceimprisonedinthefivestory,eightsidedpagodabyamonk,75triedtoseparatetheimmortalspiritfromamortallover.3.【2023屆山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三二?！縏heIOChasapleteguideforthose96wanttoapplytothesecontests.考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系副詞的用法當(dāng)定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、定語和表語時(shí)，要選用關(guān)系副詞。其中when,where,why是常見的三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞先行詞作用when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語表時(shí)間的介詞(如：in,on,at,during等)＋which；where地點(diǎn)名詞或抽象名詞(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地點(diǎn)狀語表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in,at,on,under等)＋which；whythereason原因狀語表原因的介詞(如：for)＋which。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把在公園里的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)候天氣可能會(huì)更好。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天為什么沒有出席會(huì)議的原因嗎？1.when的用法when修飾時(shí)間名詞，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞通常為time,day,year,week等。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenmysonwasborn.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我兒子出生的那一天。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不用when而用that或which。Theseasonwhich/thattheyweretalkingaboutwasautumn.他們正在談?wù)摰募竟?jié)是秋天。2.where的用法where用于修飾地點(diǎn)名詞如place,park,factory,house等。在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于介詞+which。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)心他們居住的環(huán)境。b.當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage，family等時(shí)，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.學(xué)生應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，在那里他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Rememberthatthereisstillonepointthat/whichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.記住在明天的會(huì)議上我們還有一點(diǎn)必須弄清楚。She'sinahopelesssituation，wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.她處于無望的處境中，在這種情況下我們將密切注意她。c.先行詞occasion當(dāng)“時(shí)刻”講時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when；當(dāng)“場(chǎng)合”講時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where。Pleasedescribeanoccasionwhereyoumetrealdifficulties.請(qǐng)描述你遇到真正困境的場(chǎng)景。OccasionsarerarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有時(shí)間和孩子們度過一天的時(shí)機(jī)很少。3.why的用法why相當(dāng)于forwhich,在從句中作原因狀語，但若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，定語從句要用that或which引導(dǎo)。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youarelateagain?你能告訴我你再次遲到的原因嗎？Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason(that/which)youmightgive.老板不想聽你所提出的任何理由。1.【2023年全國(guó)甲卷】“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,___44___alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,___45borrowing___(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.2.【2023年北京卷】NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.1.（2023·江蘇省高郵市第一中學(xué)月考）Despiteitbeingabusyworkday,thousandsofpeoplewearingblackcametotheMingyangshanMortuaryHouseinthecity,____59____thememorialservicewasheldat10am,topresentbouquets(花束)andbunchesofriceandpaytribute(頌詞)toYuan.2.（2023·湖南省益陽市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）LegendshavebeenpassedonaboutZhengHeinthecountriesandregions____41____hesetfoot.3.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考英語試題）Inrecentyears,bymakinguseofitsculturaladvantages,Jingdezhenhasorganizedimportantactivitiesonceramicarts.TheseeventshavetransformedJingdezhenintoanincredibleplatformfordiversifiedcooperationandmunication,____41____youngartistictalentsaredrawntoitsflamelikemoths.考點(diǎn)三介詞+關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞1關(guān)系代詞的確定在介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞只有which和whom。如果先行詞是物，引導(dǎo)詞用which；如果先行詞是人，則引導(dǎo)詞用whom。ThisisthetrainonwhichIwenttoShanghai.這就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火車。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthedictionary.這就是我為他買詞典的那個(gè)學(xué)生。介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞which和whom之前，如果介詞和句中動(dòng)詞組成固定詞組時(shí)，這個(gè)介詞一般不前置。Myyoungestbrother，whomIhavetolookafter，isdemanding.我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是讓人費(fèi)神。2關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定。ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.我與之說話的那個(gè)人起初沒有回答。(speakto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖是一個(gè)美麗的地方，杭州因此而聞名。(befamousfor)根據(jù)先行詞來確定。I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的童年時(shí)光。(duringthetime)Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.空氣真的很重要，沒有它人類就不能生存。(withoutair)3“名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.問題都在這兒，其中一些我認(rèn)為對(duì)你來說很難。Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomaredoctors.他有三個(gè)兒子，沒有一個(gè)是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。4“復(fù)合介詞短語＋關(guān)系代詞which”從句部分常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開，且從句部分常用倒裝語序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大樹。5“介詞＋which/whom＋不定式”Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.→Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.→Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個(gè)窮人沒房子住。有時(shí)為表達(dá)清楚，也可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from/to等，平時(shí)也應(yīng)掌握，但非高考重點(diǎn)。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites，fromwherekiteflyingspreadstoJapan，Thailand，Indiaandsoon.中國(guó)是風(fēng)箏的發(fā)源地，從這里，放風(fēng)箏傳到了日本、泰國(guó)、印度等國(guó)家。1.【2022年天津卷第二次】Guidebooksarepreparedtosuittheconvenienceofthetraveler,________routesroundacityorasiteareoftensuggested.A.forwhich B.withwhichC.forwhom D.withwhom2.【2021年天津卷第一次】WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．fromwhich B．inwhich C．withwhom D．forwhom1.（2021·天津紅橋區(qū)·高三一模）Learninganotherlanguageislikesteppingoutofadoor,______Icanlookbackandseemoreclearlymyownlanguage.A．Bywhich B．throughwhich C．which D．onwhich2.（2023·河南省安陽市TOP二十名校摸底）Accordingtothelegend,theJadeEmperor(rulerofheaven)wouldliketomeasuretimebytwelvedifferentanimals.Hetoldanimalsthathewouldholdagreatraceonhisbirthday,theprizeof________wastwelvepositionsontheChinesezodiaccalendar.3.（2023·湖南省部分校教育聯(lián)盟摸底測(cè)）InthemainculturalvenueofJiaxingcity’sXiuzhouDistrict,ZhejiangProvince,afewelderlywomenareusingtheirimaginationandsomebrightcolorstopaintthewonderfulscenesoflifeinJiangnan,or“southoftheYangtzeRiver”.Theyaremembersofafarmerpaintergroupknownasthe“TenSisters”,formedin2009.Thegrouphas12ruralresidents,theoldestof____58____is76yearsoldandtheyoungest61.考點(diǎn)四定語從句中的其它問題一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別定語從句中的主謂一致1）在定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)它所修飾的先行詞。I,whoamyourteacher,willhelpyouwitheverything.Hewhobreakstheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.Thosewhobreaktheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.Anyonewhobreakstheschoolrulesshouldbepunished.2）.Oneof+the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，theonlyoneof+the復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Heisoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoteachwell.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoteacheswell.三、theway后接定語從句的情況。1．在定語從句中，theway在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞可以是inwhich，that或省略；但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分時(shí)，其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。2．先行詞time作“次數(shù)”講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；當(dāng)先行詞time作“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)代”講且作狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“介詞at/during＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inwhich,that,不填))hesaidit.讓我吃驚的不是他說的話，而是他說話的方式。②Thewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(that,which,不填))heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡(jiǎn)單。③It'snotthefirsttime(that)you'vefoundyourselfinthissituation.你陷入這種狀況已經(jīng)不是第一次了。④Therewasatimewhen/duringwhicheachteacherspentanhour，onedayaweek，testingpupilsineverysubject.曾經(jīng)，每個(gè)老師每周都有一天花上一小時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生的每門功課進(jìn)行測(cè)試。四、time后接定語從句的情況。先行詞是time時(shí)，若time作“次數(shù)”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)代”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或“介詞at/during＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavetalkedwithaforeignerfacetoface.這是我第一次和一個(gè)外國(guó)人面對(duì)面交流。TherewasatimewhenIhatedgoingtoschool.曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間我討厭上學(xué)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨析用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句謂語動(dòng)詞若是及物動(dòng)詞，后面若無賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若是不及物動(dòng)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分把關(guān)系詞放進(jìn)定語從句中，若作主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞。先行詞是表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)等的名詞時(shí),如果先行詞一樣,但是關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分不同,那么所用關(guān)系詞也不同。具體分為以下幾點(diǎn):1.先行詞是表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞若關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語,則用when或where;若作主語、賓語等,則用that或which。?Thedate(that/which)I'llalwaysrememberisOct.28,1968.我會(huì)一直記得的日子是1968年10月28日。(that/which在從句中作賓語)?ThedatewhenIwasbornisOct.28,1968.我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。(when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語)?Afteraboutanhour'sdrive,wereachedthesmalltownwhereIwasbroughtupandwhich/thatislocatedatthefootofthemountain.大約一個(gè)小時(shí)的車程之后,我們抵達(dá)這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。我就是在這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng)大的,它坐落在山腳下。(where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語;which/that在從句中作主語)2.先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason若關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語,則用why;若作主語、賓語等,則用that或which。?Thereason(which/that)hetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.他告訴我他遲到的原因是他起床晚了。(which/that在從句中作賓語)特別提醒遇到類似的題目,考生應(yīng)特別注意從句中動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)接賓語;不及物動(dòng)詞后如有介詞,可加賓語,如無介詞,則應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞。?Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.他遲到的原因是他起床晚了。(why在從句中作原因狀語)定語從句與其它句型的辨析1）限制性定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)則沒有與他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。?Sorry,I’veforgotthedaywhenwemetforthefirsttime.抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見面的日子了。（定語從句，先行詞theday與when含義相應(yīng)）?I’venoideawhenwemetforthefirsttime.我不知道我們第一次是什么時(shí)候見面的。（同位語從句，idea與when沒有任何聯(lián)系）2）定語從句與時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞都是when時(shí)，定語從句修飾、限制、說明時(shí)間名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面；而時(shí)間狀語從句說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。?Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語從句）?Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.當(dāng)課結(jié)束時(shí)，已經(jīng)是五點(diǎn)鐘了。（時(shí)間狀語從句）3）定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連接詞都是where時(shí)，定語從句修飾、限制、說明地點(diǎn)名詞；而狀語從句則說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，where沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)名詞或代詞。?Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這就是幾年前我們常居住的地方。（定語從句）?Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到我們能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）4）定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別定語從句對(duì)名詞或代詞的修飾和限制，關(guān)系詞可能是that,which,as,who,but,另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)某部分加強(qiáng)語氣，強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣的連接詞只能是that,who，并且句子中的It沒有任何意義；一般比較明顯，而有時(shí)就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語境來判斷。Itisabookthathewants.它究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語從句，就要從語境上來考察。如果它是用來回答Whatisthis/that?這樣的問題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書。句子顯然是定語從句。如果是用來回答Whatdoeshewant?這樣的問題，那么意思是：他想要的是一本書。顯然，句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。5）定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要作某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。?Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（定語從句）?比較：Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllike.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。意思是：我們大家都喜歡的是一本如此有趣的書。6）定語從句與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別定語從句一般有關(guān)系詞、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有關(guān)系詞、也沒有謂語動(dòng)詞。?Thebookbeingveryinteresting,wealllikeit.由于這本書有趣，我們大家都喜歡它。?Thebookwhich/thatisveryinterestingwaspublishedlastyear.這本有趣的書是去年出版的。1.【2023年全國(guó)甲卷】Sheevenplayedsomerecordingsoftheirsinging,whatwasfun.2.【2022年全國(guó)乙卷】Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.3.【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ】Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.1.(廣東省信宜市第二中學(xué)2023學(xué)年高三試題)AndthenIdecidedtolivewithoutitandjustenjoylife.That’sthereason________I’mhappynow.”2.（河北省石家莊市二中2023年高三試題）However,after2012thenumberofmidlakeislands_________thegullsmadetheirnestskeptdecreasing,leadingtothenumberofthebabygullsdroppingto2,000.過關(guān)檢測(cè)1.（2023·廣東省高三開學(xué)大聯(lián)考）ThetypicalChinesealcoholicbeverageisbaijiu,________ismadefromvariousgrains.2.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭市高三調(diào)研）PabloPicassoisoneofthemostfamousartistsintheworld,_______fullnameisreallyalongone,infactamixtureofmanynames.3.（2023·江蘇省四所名校高三期中聯(lián)考）Hisreplyto“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”wasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethings_______otherpeoplemake.”4.（2023·湖南省雅禮十六校第一次聯(lián)考）“Hello,Mr.Herriot.”Iheardhisvoice.Iturnedablankgazeonhim—Ijusthadnoidea________hewasthoughhisfacewasfamiliar.5.（2023·江蘇省無錫市）Ifeveryoneonyourteamisworkingdifferenthours,youmaybegettingemailsandmessagesatallhoursoftheday,nightorweekend,_______cancreateanalwaysavailable,or"alwayson”environment.6.【2023屆湖南省岳陽市平江縣高三下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（三）】Wuexplainstheprocessofstrawweaving:4(select)ofmaterialsisthefirststepofaplicated,timeconsumingandlaborintensiveprocess5cantakeweeks,orevenmonths,toplete.7.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）TheseeventshavetransformedJingdezhenintoanincredibleplatformfordiversifiedcooperationandmunication,________youngartistictalentsaredrawntoitsflamelikemoths.8.（2023·江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)學(xué)情調(diào)研）However,hecouldnotforgetaboutanearliertime________hisvillagehadbeenstrugglingwithaseriousairqualityproblem.【22023屆天一大聯(lián)考廣東省高三年級(jí)模擬考試（三）】Produced13(annual)bytheChinaConsumersAssociationsince2017,thereport,14measuresconsumersatisfactionlevelsbased15feedbackfromconsumers,takesintoaccountconsumersupply,consumerenvironment,andconsumerrightsprotection.10.【2023屆遼寧省沈陽市第二中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬考試】“AbarbecuerestaurantownerIknowtoldmetoebackonMonday,soastoleavetheweekendstooutoftownvisitors,”saidHuangYang,anativeofZibocityinShandongprovince51worksoutsidehishometown.51．考查定語從句。句意：黃楊是山東省淄博市人，在外地打工，他說……。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句修飾先行詞anative，先行詞為人，從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that。故填who/that。11.【2023屆江西省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)三?！縏herearemanyjumppatterns,mostof89areacpaniedbyasong.12.（2023·江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)摸底學(xué)情調(diào)研）Hotpot,asatraditionalChinesefolkdish,hasbeeafavoritedishthroughoutChinasinceatleasttheHanDynasty,________isparticularlytrueduringwintermonths.13.（2023·江蘇省泰州中學(xué)調(diào)研）MostskiingpetitionsoftheWinterOlympicswereheldinareasnorthwestofBeijing,_______it’scoldinthewinterbutoftendoesn’tsnowmuch.14.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三5月適應(yīng)性考試】BehindZibo’ssuddenfame17(be)theeffortsandservicesofthelocalgovernment,aswellasagoodreputationoflocalbusinesses,18receivefavorablereviewsfromvisitorswhosharetheirexperiencesonline.15.【2023屆江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校高三第二次聯(lián)考】“BythetimetheCR45094(e)intooperation,thenationalrailwaynetworkwillhavebeenextendedto165,000km,50,000kmof95willbehighspeedlines.”Zhaosaid.16.【2023屆四川省成都市石室中學(xué)高三高考沖刺卷】DuBo,headofTahecounty’sbureau(局)ofculture,radio,televisionandtourisminHeilongjiangprovince,drewtheattentionofChinesenetizensbyashortvideo,in43Duwearsawhiteheadwearofdeerantlers(鹿角),44(dress)likea“whitedeerfairy”wanderinginasnowcoveredbirchforest.17.【2023屆浙江省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)拔尖學(xué)生培養(yǎng)聯(lián)盟高三5月】Theexhibitionisdividedintothreegalleries54showcasethehistoryoftheunificationofChinabyEmperorQinShiHuang,histomb,andthe55(mystery)TerracottaWarriors.18.【2022屆廣東省高三綜合能力測(cè)試（三）】TheShenzhou13crewhave61(safe)returnedtoEarthaftertheirsixmonthorbitaltrip,62nearlydoubledthepreviousrecordofChina’slongestsingleflightspacemissionof92dayssetbytheShenzhou12.19.【2023屆江蘇省南京市金陵中學(xué)高三模擬測(cè)試】TseringYangdron,a25yearoldMonba,oneoftheethnicgroups72liveinthisregion,skillfullymakesherwaythroughthegarden,carefullypickingtendertealeavesandtossingthemintoabamboobaskettiedtoherwaist.20.【2023屆安徽省合肥市第六中學(xué)高三最后一卷】:Itisusuallyaround120centimeterslong,andhasthreestringsstretchedoverafingerboard,88allowsforextensiveglissando,ortheglidefromonepitchtoanother.21.（2023·粵湘鄂名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）TheseeventshavetransformedJingdezhenintoanincredibleplatformfordiversifiedcooperationandmunication,________youngartistictalentsaredrawntoitsflamelikemoths.22.（2023·廣東省高三開學(xué)大聯(lián)考）ThetypicalChinesealcoholicbeverageisbaijiu,________ismadefromvariousgrains.23.（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭市高三調(diào)研）PabloPicassoisoneofthemostfamousartistsintheworld,_______fullnameisreallyalongone,infactamixtureofmanynames.24.（2023·江蘇省四所名校高三期中聯(lián)考）Hisreplyto“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”wasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethings_______otherpeoplemake.”25.（2023·重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)月考）“Itcangetreallycrowdedwithcustomers,especiallyonweekends,during______weneedtokeepthedooropenfrom11inthemorningto12midnight,”ashopownersaid.27.（2023·江西省新高三第一次摸底聯(lián)考）MakingfriendswasmybigconcernatfirstbutIsoonsettledinandbecamegoodfriendswiththefellowteachers.Thereweren’tmanyforeignersattheschoolin___44___Iwasteaching,butIhadplentyoffriendlyneighbourstokeepmepany.Theyoftenhadmeroundfordinner!28.（2023·河南省信陽高級(jí)中學(xué)）Zhoukoudianisasmallvillagelyingabout50kilometerstothesouthwestofBeijingCity.Inthe1920s,archaeologists(考古學(xué)家)discoveredsomeprehistorichumanbonesthere,____41____changedpeople’sviewofChina’shistory.29.（2023·山西省高三1月適應(yīng)性調(diào)研考試（一模））Inadditiontothenewrocketformannedmission,Chinaisalsodevelopinganewcrewedcapsuleandalunarlander,_______willbeabletosendthreeastronautstothelunarorbitandallowtwoofthemtolandonthemoon.30.（2023·湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟八月聯(lián)考）ThePLANavycurrentlyoperatestwocarriersCNSLiaoningandCNSShandong,bothof________haveadisplacementofaround50,000tonsanduseaskijumpmodeforlaunchingfixedwingaircraft.31.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）ThedocumentaryfilmTheMagicalCraftsmanshipofSuzhou,featuringChineseintangibleculturalheritages,waslaunchedinAustraliaandNewZealandonJuly28,2022.Beforelaunching,itwasreleasedinNorthAmericainJune,________stimulatedawidediscussionontheeasternaesthetics(美學(xué))andtheintangibleculturalheritages.32.（2023·山東省“學(xué)情空間”區(qū)域教研共同體聯(lián)考）AnotherconcernisnewfoodallergiesbecausesomeGMOfood（轉(zhuǎn)基因食品）containproteins__________peoplehavenevereatenbefore.33.（2023·山東省青島市測(cè)試）Since2016whenthepanywasfounded,ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.Insteadofaneconomyofthetypicaltakemakedisposemodel,ChopValueseekstocreateone_____45_____transformswasteintoausableresource.34.（2023·河北省秦皇島市部分學(xué)校摸底）TheawardsceremonyfortheOneStepChinese–HungarianDrawingpetitionwasheldonlineinChina’sHubeiprovinceandHungary’sGyorMosonSoproncountylastweek.Theevent,________drewnearly100participants,includingstudentsandteachers,wasjointlyorganizedbytherespectivelocalgovernments.35.（2023·河北省保定市部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考）ThankstotheBeijing2022OlympicWinterGames,consumption____56____isrelatedtotheicesnowindustryhasgainedsteamacrossChina.36.（2023·江蘇省蘇州市常熟市階段性抽測(cè)二）Helearnedcarpentryinhisteens,after________hetaughthimselftheartsofpainting,poetry,calligraphyandsealcutting.37.（2023·）ItwasDragonboatDay.Shinywhitetentslinedthewaterfront,shadeandrefreshmentsforDragonBoatpaddlers(槳手)fromalloverCalifornia,____37____gatheredaroundtheCastaicLakeforafestivepetition.38.（2023·廣東省六校高三第一次聯(lián)考）AsChina’sgigeconomy(零工經(jīng)濟(jì))continuestogrow,thecentralgovernmentisseekingbetterregulationstoservetherightsofworkers,developnewskillsandstartupsandensurehealthyandbalanceddevelopmentinthejobmarket.Gigworkers,oftenreferredtoasindependentcontractors(承包者)ortemporaryworkers,arethosesuchasdeliverydriversandonlinesaleshosts_______oftenenterintocontractswithondemandpaniestoprovideservicestotheirclients.Havingsurvivedmanycenturies,kiteshavebeeoneofthecountry’srepresentativetraditionalhandicrafts,________makingtechniqueswereincludedinthelistofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))in2006.40.（2023·廣東省大聯(lián)考）ThetypicalChinesealcoholicbeverageisbaijiu,____41____ismadefromvariousgrains.41.（2023·廣東省廣州市階段測(cè)試）Chinahastheworld’slargestnumberofworldnaturalheritagesites,accordingtotheNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration.Thecountryisnowhometo14worldnaturalheritagesitesandfourmixedsites,____37____arenotedforbothculturalandnaturalfeatures,bothleadingtheworldintermsofquantity,theadministrationsaid.42.（2023·廣東省清中、河中、北中、惠中聯(lián)考）TheWuyiMountainNationalParkexperimentalareaistheonlyparkinChina____41____islistedasaUNESCOculturalandnaturalheritagesite.43.（2023·山東省曲阜市第一中學(xué)模擬）Naturehaspreparedthemforthecoldconditions.Butnothinghaspreparedthebearsforthedanger____38____threatenstheironlyhome.44.（2023·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市統(tǒng)考）Beijingisacitythatstraddles(跨越)thedividebetweentheancientandthemodern.Itishometomorethan3,000yearsoffascinatinghistory,andaplace____37____fullyembracesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,withhighrise21stc