電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版） 課件 Lesson 02 Memory Devices

Unit

1ElectronicDevices

Lesson2MemoryDevices《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語教程（第5版）》Lesson2MemoryDevicesBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2024/5/292TerminologyMOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOSFlip-flop,RegisterSRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROMCAMCacheFerroelectric

Backgrounds2024/5/293Terminology

2024/5/294MOS:Metal-oxidesemiconductor

金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體PMOS:p-typeMetal-oxidesemiconductor p型金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體NMOS:n-typeMetal-oxidesemiconductor n型金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體CMOS:ComplementaryMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor

互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體MOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOS2024/5/295CMOS是一類集成電路的總稱。這種集成電路的輸出結(jié)構(gòu)由一個n型MOSFEF（金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體場效應(yīng)晶體管）和一個P型MOSFET串聯(lián)而成。因為n型和p型MOSFET是相互補(bǔ)償?shù)?所以也常常使用“互補(bǔ)”一詞來說明這種集成電路。MOS,PMOS,NMOS,CMOS2024/5/296Aflip-flopisbasicallyabi-statecircuitinwhicheithera0or1statecanresides.Becauseofitssimplicity,theflip-flopisextremelyfast.Asabasicelement,theflip-flopisusedindigitalcircuitsandICs.Aflip-flopwillloseitsstatewhenthesupplyvoltageisremoved.Therefore,itisvolatile.觸發(fā)器是一種存儲“0”或“1”的雙態(tài)電路。由于觸發(fā)器結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，所以其速度極快。觸發(fā)器是數(shù)字電路和集成電路中的基本部件。由于電源電壓去掉后，觸發(fā)器原有的狀態(tài)就失去了，因此它是“易失的”。

Flip-flop,Register2024/5/297Aregisterisasetofflip-flopsinparallel.Typicallyaregisteris8,16,32or64bitswide.Oftenaregisterisusedtoholddata,addresspointers,etc.Aregisterisvolatileandveryfastjustliketheflip-flop.寄存器是一組并行觸發(fā)器。寄存器的典型數(shù)據(jù)寬度為8位、16位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存數(shù)據(jù)、地址指針等。和觸發(fā)器一樣，寄存器也是“易失”的，而且速度很快。Flip-flop,Register2024/5/298SRAM:StaticRandomAccessMemoryAnSRAMisanarrayofaddressableflip-flops.Thearraycanbeconfiguredassuchthatthedatacomesoutinsinglebit,4-bit,8bit,andetc.format.SRAMissimple,fastandvolatilejustliketheflip-flop,itsbasicmemorycell.靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器(SRAM)是一種可尋址的觸發(fā)器陣列。該陣列可配置成1位、4位、8位等數(shù)據(jù)格式。它和它的基本存儲單元觸發(fā)器一樣：結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、存取速度快、具有易失的特點(diǎn)。SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2024/5/299DRAM：DynamicRandomAccessMemoryTheword′dynamic′indicatesthatthedataisnotheldinaflip-flopbutratherinastoragecell.Thedatainastoragecellmustberefreshed(readoutandre-written)regularlybecauseofleakage.動態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器：“動態(tài)”這個詞意味著數(shù)據(jù)不是保存在觸發(fā)器當(dāng)中，而是保存在一個存儲單元中。由于存在泄漏，所以保存在存儲單元中的數(shù)據(jù)必須定期更新（讀出并重新寫入）。SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2024/5/2910ROM:ReadOnlyMemoryROMsarealsocalledmask-ROMsormaskprogrammedROMs.ThisisbecauseaROMneedstobeprogrammedbysettingitscellstoeither0or1atthetimeofmanufacture.

只讀存儲器：也叫做掩模ROM或者掩模編程ROM。這是因為在制造時就需要通過將存儲單元置0或置1對其進(jìn)行編程。

SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2024/5/2911EEPROM：ElectricallyErasableProgrammableROMThismeansthatthechipcanbeprogrammedlikeanEPROM,butcanbeerasedelectrically.Asaresult,noUVsourceisrequired.EEPROM是指該類芯片可以像EPROM一樣可編程，但使用的是電擦除的方法。這樣，就不需要紫外線信號源了。

SRAM,DRAM,ROM,EEPROM2024/5/2912 CAMisalsoknownas"associativestorage".Itisamemorychipinwhicheachbitpositioncanbecompared.InregularDRAMandSRAMchips,thecontentsareaddressedbybitlocationandthentransferredtothearithmeticlogicunit(ALU)intheCPUforcomparison.InCAMchips,thecontentiscomparedineachbitcell,allowingforveryfasttablelookups.Sincetheentirechipiscompared,thedatacontentcanoftenberandomlystoredwithoutregardtoanaddressingschemewhichwouldotherwiseberequired.However,CAMchipsareconsiderablysmallerinstoragecapacitythanregularmemorychips.CAM:ContentAddressableMemory

2024/5/2913Thecacheisatemporarystorageareaforfrequently-accessedorrecently-accesseddata.Havingcertaindatastoredinacachespeedsuptheoperationofthecomputer.Therearetwokindsofcache:internal(ormemorycache)andexternal(ordiskcache).Internalcacheisbuiltintotheprocessor,andexternalcacheisonthemotherboard.Whenanitemiscalledfor,thecomputerfirstcheckstheinternalcache,thentheexternalcache,andfinallytheslowermainstorage.Cache2024/5/2914Ferroelectricispertainingtoaphenomenonexhibitedbycertainmaterialsinwhichthematerialispolarizedinonedirectionortheother,orreversedindirectionbytheapplicationofapositiveornegativeelectricfieldofmagnitudegreaterthanacertainamount.Thematerialretainstheelectricpolarizationunlessitisdisturbed.某些材料表現(xiàn)出的一種現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)在這種材料上施加超過特定強(qiáng)度的電場時,該材料就在一個方向上極化或改變原極化的方向。只要不受干擾,這種材料就一直保持其極化狀態(tài)。Ferroelectric2024/5/2915TexttourOutlineOverview(para.1,2)Flip-flop(para.3)Register(para.4)SRAM(para.5,6,7)DRAM(para.8,9)ROM(para.10,11)EEPROM(para.12)2024/5/2916TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitFlip-flopOne-bitregister.Usuallyusedasabasicbuildingblockindigitalcircuits.YesNoUltrafastVeryhighRegisterSetofflip-flopsholdingabyte,wordorlongword.UsedincomplexchipssuchasCPUs.YesNoUltrafastVeryhigh2024/5/2917TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitSRAM

Arrayofflip-flopsthatisaddressable.Usedfortemporarystorageofdataorcache.YesNoVeryfasthighDRAM

Arrayofstoragecellswhichisaddressable.Usedformaincomputingdatastorage.YesNofastModerate2024/5/2918TexttourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitROMArrayofhard-wiredcellsthatisaddressable.Programmingdoneattimeofchipmanufacture.NoYesVeryfastlowE2PROM

ElectricallyerasableprogrammableROM.Numberofwritecyclesislimited.YesYeslowhigh2024/5/2919Vocabularystatic，dynamic，approach，offset,pattern,hybrid

,indicate

Structure

Reading/writing

techniquesLanguageinuse2024/5/2920Vocabulary2024/5/2921Havingnomotion;beingatrest;quiescent.

靜止的；靜態(tài)的Fixed;stationary.

固定的；不動的Of,relatingto,orproducingstationarycharges;electrostatic.

靜電的Of,relatingto,orproducedbyrandomradionoise.

隨機(jī)無線電噪聲的Randomnoise,suchascracklinginareceiverorspecksonatelevisionscreen,producedbyatmosphericdisturbanceofthesignal.

隨機(jī)噪聲Static,dynamic

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2024/5/2922Oforrelatingtoenergyortoobjectsinmotion.

動態(tài)的Oforrelatingtothestudyofdynamics.

動力學(xué)的Characterizedbycontinuouschange,activity,orprogress:

不斷變化的Markedbyintensityandvigor;forceful.

生氣勃勃的;有力的Oforrelatingtovariationofintensity,asinmusicalsound.

強(qiáng)度變化的Aforce,especiallypolitical,social,orpsychological:

動力Static,dynamic

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2024/5/2923SRAM(StaticRandomAccessMemory)

靜態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器DRAM(DynamicRandomAccessMemory)

動態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器Static,dynamic

intext

2024/5/2924staticelectricity靜電staticinduction靜電感應(yīng)staticcontrolcircuit靜態(tài)控制電路staticamplifier靜態(tài)放大器dynamiccircuit動態(tài)電路dynamiccapacity動態(tài)電容Static,dynamic

inuse2024/5/2925Tocomenearornearer,asinspaceortime:

接近Tocomeorgonearornearerto:接近，靠近Tocomecloseto,asinappearance,quality,orcondition;approximate:近乎,接近Theperformanceapproachesperfection.Tomakeaproposaloroverturestowithaspecificendinview:

提議：Tobegintodealwithorworkon:

著手,開始處理approachedthetaskwithdread.Approachindictionary

2024/5/2926Theactofapproaching:

接近theapproachofnight.夜幕降臨Afairlycloseresemblance;anapproximation.

近似；接近Awayormeansofreachingsomething;anaccess:

途徑,方法,通路anapproachtothebridge.通向橋的路Themethodusedindealingwithoraccomplishing:

步驟,方法：alogicalapproachtotheproblem.對問題的邏輯解決步驟Anadvanceoroverturemadebyonepersontoanother.

提議，建議Approachindictionary

2024/5/2927WithDRAMtechnology，thissimpleapproachisimpossiblesinceaddressingarowofdatawithoutrewritingitwilldestructalldataintherowbecauseofthedynamicnature.對于DRAM存儲器，這種簡單的存取方法式是不可行的；由于動態(tài)的特點(diǎn)，讀出一行數(shù)據(jù)而不再次將其寫入會破壞該行內(nèi)所有的數(shù)據(jù)。Approachintext

2024/5/2928attheapproachof在...快到的時候beapproaching(to)與...差不多,大致相等bedifficultofapproach難到達(dá)的;難于接近的beeasyofapproach容易到達(dá)的;容易接近的makeanapproachto對...進(jìn)行探討makeapproachestosb.設(shè)法接近某人approachsb.onsth.向某人接洽approachsb.aboutsth.向某人接洽approachto接近,近似,約等于;做事的方法Approachinuse2024/5/2929Approachtosth./doingsth.Waytodosth./ofdoingsth.Methodfordoingsth.Approachinuse2024/5/2930Anagent,anelement,orathingthatbalances,counteracts,orcompensatesforsomethingelse.

補(bǔ)償物、抵消物、中和物Thenumberofmeasuringunitsfromanarbitrarystartingpointinarecord,area,orcontrolblock,tosomeotherpoint.

偏移量Tocounterbalance,counteract,orcompensatefor:

平衡、中和或補(bǔ)償：fringebenefitsdesignedtooffsetlowsalaries.

用以補(bǔ)償?shù)凸べY的額外福利Offsetindictionary

2024/5/2931Thedisadvantageoftheextracircuitryrequiredforrefreshingiseasilyoffsetbythelowerpriceperbitwhenusinglargememorysizes.當(dāng)所需存儲量很大時，數(shù)據(jù)更新需要額外電路這個缺點(diǎn)很容易就被較低的位價格彌補(bǔ)了。Offsetintext

2024/5/2932zerooffset零(點(diǎn))偏移lineoffset行偏移Offsetbinarycode偏移二進(jìn)制編碼Offsetinuse2024/5/2933Amodeloranoriginalusedasanarchetype.

原型Apersonorthingconsideredworthyofimitation.

模范，榜樣Aplan,diagram,ormodeltobefollowedinmakingthings:

圖案，模型、圖紙或圖形：adresspattern.服裝式樣Arepresentativesample;aspecimen.

樣品，標(biāo)本Anartisticordecorativedesign:

（藝術(shù)或裝飾的）圖案式樣：Patternindictionary

2024/5/2934Aconsistent,characteristicform,style,ormethod,as:one'spatternofbehavior.一個人的行為特點(diǎn)Atestpattern.考試模式aflightpattern.飛行著陸道Patternindictionary

2024/5/2935Thisaluminumpatternisdefinedbyalithographicmaskusedinoneofthelaststepsofmanufacture.Thereforethesedevicesareoftencalledmask-ROMs.鋁層圖案是在芯片制造的最后一道工序中由一塊掩模平板決定的。所以，該類器件常被稱作掩模ROM。

Patternintext

2024/5/2936模式Aphysicalarrangementofelementsabitpattern二進(jìn)制位模式adot-matrixpattern點(diǎn)矩陣模式astoragepattern存儲模式Repeatingwithsome

degreeofcorrespondencein

successivetrialsorobservationsapatternofmessagetraffic報文流量模式apatternofhardwarefailures硬件故障模式Patterninuse2024/5/2937bitpattern位組合格式beatpattern拍頻波形圖chargepattern電荷分布圖circuitpattern(印刷電路)電路圖案Patterninuse2024/5/2938Atermsometimesappliedtoa“composite”device;toadeviceincorporatingmultipleelementsofdifferenttype.

用來說明一種“復(fù)合型”器件;或修飾由多個不同類型的元件組成共同工作的器件。

Acommonshortformusedfor“hybridcircuit”and“hybridnetwork”mainlyintheplural. “混合電路”和“混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)”的縮寫。Hybrid

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2024/5/2939FastcachememorycanbeconstructedinBiCMOStechnology,ahybridtechnologythatusesbipolartransistorsforextradrive.高速緩存可以使用BiCMOS技術(shù)構(gòu)建；BiCMOS是一種混合技術(shù)，它使用雙極性晶體管作為附加的驅(qū)動。Hybridintext

2024/5/2940Combinedadj.組合的,結(jié)合的combinedcircuit組合電路combinedcolorimage組合彩色圖象Compositeadj.合成的,復(fù)合的compositemodulation復(fù)合調(diào)制compositecoding合成編碼Hybridinuse2024/5/2941Toshow