2024年高考第一次模擬考試 -英語（北京卷1）全解全析

英語（北京卷01）-學(xué)易金卷：2024年高考第一次模擬考試

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項：

1.本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第11卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、

準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答第I卷時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改

動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.回答第n卷時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

4.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答

題紙上將該選項涂黑。

（2023,北京,模擬預(yù)測）Imovedintomyhouseattheendoflastyear.I]thattherewasa

treeinthefrontyard.Mypartnertoldmethey2itwasafig（無花果）treeand3,asthe

monthswentby,thetreegrewhugeleavesand4cametofruition.Figsthesizeofmyfist!My

partnerandIwere5butwedidn'tknowwhattodowithallthefigs.

Aboutaweekago,mynextdoorneighborcameandproperlyintroducedhimself.Hethenaskedifhe

could6somefigsfrommytree.Immediately,I7himtotakeasmanyasheliked.Hetold

methat12yearsago,the8ownerofthehouseIliveinnowusedtobeverygoodfriendswithhim

andtheyplantedthisveryfigtreewaybackthen.Icamehomeoneday,tofindafruitboxoutsidemyfront

door.This9filledmyheartwithhappinessandgratitude.It10methattherearestill

livelypeopleintheworldwhowanttodosomethingnicefortheirneighbors.

1.A.fearedB.noticedC?believedD.admitted

2.A.forgotB.discoveredC.decidedD.assumed

3.A.atrandomB.worststillC.mostimportantD.sureenough

4.A.constantlyB?temporarilyC.eventuallyD.similarly

5.A.confusedB.excitedC.disappointedD.annoyed

6.A.breakupB.teardownC.pickupD.makefor

7.A.encouragedB.warnedC.advisedD.declined

8.A.previousB?punctualC.transparentD.voluntary

9.A.frictionB.powerC?gestureD.competence

10.A.taughtB.warnedC.invitedD.reminded

【答案】

1.B2.D3.D4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.C10.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者新搬的家院子里有一棵無花果樹，樹結(jié)出果實的時候

作者不知道怎么辦，鄰居來詢問是否可以摘無花果，作者慷慨地請他多摘些，后來鄰居用了一盒水

果回報了作者的善意。

1.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我注意到前院有一棵樹。A.feared恐懼；B.noticed注意到；C.believed

相信；D.admitted承認。根據(jù)下文“therewasatreeinthefrontyard”可知，作者搬進房子里注意到了

院子里有棵樹。故選B。

2.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的同伴告訴我，他們認為那是一棵無花果樹，果然，幾個月過去了，

這棵樹長出了巨大的葉子，最終結(jié)出了果實。A.forgot忘記；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.decided決定；

D.assumed認為。根據(jù)下文“wedidn'tknowwhattodowithallthefigs”可知，作者和同伴等到樹開花

結(jié)果后才知道是無花果樹，所以一開始同伴和其他人只是認為那是一棵無花果樹。故選D。

3.考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我的同伴告訴我，他們認為那是一棵無花果樹，果然，幾個月過去了，

這棵樹長出了巨大的葉子，最終結(jié)出了果實。A.atrandom隨機；B.worsestill更糟糕的是；C.most

important最重要的是；D.sureenough果然。根據(jù)下文“thetreegrewhugeleavesand___4___cameto

fruition”可知，這棵樹果然如他們所想是無花果樹，葉子巨大，結(jié)出果實。故選D。

4.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我的同伴告訴我，他們認為那是一棵無花果樹，果然，幾個月過去了，

這棵樹長出了巨大的葉子，最終結(jié)出了果實。A.constantly不斷地;B.temporarily暫時地;C.eventually

最終；D.similarly相似地。根據(jù)上文“grewhugeleaves"和下文"cametofruition”可知，這里在描述這

棵樹生長的過程，eventually（最終）符合語境，是最終結(jié)了果。故選C。

5.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我的同伴很興奮，但我們不知道該怎么處理這些無花果。A.

confused困惑的；B.excited興奮的；C.disappointed失望的；D.annoyed生氣的。根據(jù)上文“Figsthe

sizeofmyfist!”可知，無花果的個頭非常大，作者和同伴會非常興奮。故選B。

6.考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后他問我能不能從我的樹上摘些無花果。A.breakup打破；B.tear

down拆毀；C.pickup摘；D.makefor彌補。根據(jù)下文“somefigsfi*ommytree”可知，這位鄰居前來

詢問是否可以摘樹上的無花果。故選C。

7.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我立即鼓勵他想拿多少就拿多少。A.encouraged鼓勵；B.warned警

告；C.advised建議；D.declined拒絕。根據(jù)下文“takeasmanyasheliked”可推知，作者原先不知道

如何處理這些無花果，現(xiàn)在鼓勵這位鄰居多摘些。故選A。

8.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，12年前，我現(xiàn)在住的房子的前主人曾經(jīng)是他的好朋友，

他們當(dāng)時種了這棵無花果樹。A.previous先前的；B.punctual準時的；C.transparent透明的；D.

voluntary自愿的。根據(jù)上文“Imovedintomyhouse”可知，這里指的是這個房子之前的主人。故選A。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一舉動使我心中充滿了幸福和感激。A.fHction摩擦；B.power力

量；C.gesture行為；D.competence能力。根據(jù)上文“afruitboxoutsidemyfrontdoor”可知，這位鄰

居放了一盒水果回饋作者的無花果，這里指鄰居的這個行為舉動。故選C。

10.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它提醒我，世界上仍然有活潑的人想為他們的鄰居做點好事。A.taught

教授；B.warned警告；C.invited邀請；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)上文可知，作者被這位鄰居的善意

打動了，認為這一行為提醒他世界上有做好事的鄰居，reminded符合語境。故選D。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題，每小題L5分，共15分)

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提

示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

(2023?北京西城?二模)

Notallinventionshavebeentheresultofa11(care)plan.Inthe1940s,anAmerican

scientist,PercySpencer,wastryingtomakeamachine,withthehopethatit12(use)radio

wavestodetectwarplanes.Oneday,aftertheexperiment,Spencerfoundthatachocolatebarinhispocket

hadmelted.Spencerthenplacedsomecominfrontofthemachine.Soon,thecomwaspopping

everywhere.Thus,themicrowaveoven(微波爐)13(invent)bychance.

【答案】11.careful12.woulduse13.wasinvented

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了微波爐的發(fā)明史。

11.考查形容詞。句意：并非所有的發(fā)明都是精心策劃的結(jié)果。提示詞作定語，修飾名詞plan,用

形容詞careftd,意為“謹慎的，周密的“。故填carefill。

12.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：20世紀40年代，美國科學(xué)家珀西?斯賓塞試圖制造一臺機器，希望它能

利用無線電波探測戰(zhàn)機。提示詞是賓語從句中謂語動詞，與主語it之間是主動關(guān)系；主句是一般過

去時態(tài)，結(jié)合句意，表示希望將要發(fā)生的事情，用過去將來時woulddo。故填woulduse。

13.考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：因此，微波爐的發(fā)明純屬偶然。分析句子可知，invent（發(fā)

明）是句中謂語動詞，與主語themicrowaveoven之間是被動關(guān)系，講述過去的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過

去時態(tài)，又因主語是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時的被

動語態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填wasinvented。

B

（2023?北京西城?二模）

Manycommonthingsaroundthehouseareveryuseful.Forexample,warmwatercanbeusedfor

cleaning.Whensaltisput14warmwater,itcanhelpeaseasorethroat.Warmwatercanalsobe

usedtomakeanorangetastebetter.Thesecretisthewarmthofthewater.Thefruitbecomessweeter,

15thewarmwaterlowersitslevelofsourness.Anotherexampleis16youcantrya

bananapeelwhenyourshoeslookdirty.Thetannininthepeelworkslikemagic,makingyourshoesshiny

andbright!

【答案】14.into/in15.because16.that

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。簡要列舉了家庭中的很多常見物品的用途。

14.考查介詞。句意：把鹽放在溫水中，可以幫助緩解喉嚨痛。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為固定短語

putin/into意為"放入"符合句意。故填in/intOo

15.考查狀語從句。句意：水果變得更甜，因為溫水降低了它的酸味。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為連

詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，根據(jù)句意可知，主句與從句之間為因果關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀

語從句。故填because

16.考查表語從句。句意：另一個例子是，當(dāng)你的鞋子看起來臟的時候，你可以試試香蕉皮。分析

句子客戶自，此處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句，從句中不缺少主語和賓語，且句意完整，所以使用連

接詞thato故填thato

C

（2023?北京房山?統(tǒng)考二模）

Rowenawasatdinnerwhensheheardaloudnoiseatthenexttable.Shesawthatsomethingwas

wrongwithalittlegirl.Shesuddenlyrealizedthatthebabywaschokingonfood.Fortunately,Rowena

knewwhattodo,asshe17（complete）afirstaidcourseforchildrenbefore.6iIsatonachairand

heldthebabygirlfacedownalongthelengthofmyrightlegwithherhead18（low）thanmy

knee,“Rowenasaid."ThenIstartedtohither19theback.Whenthebabygirlstartedtocry,I

knewthatshecouldbreatheagain.^^Thatwas20Rowenasavedababy'slife.

【答案】17.hadcompleted18.lower19.on20.how

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Rowena通過急救知識救了一名嬰兒的故事。

17.考查時態(tài)。句意：幸運的是，Rowena知道該怎么做，因為她之前已經(jīng)完成了兒童急救課程。

此處表示“過去的過去”應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadcompletedo

18.考查比較級。句意：Rowena說：“我坐在椅子上，把女嬰臉朝下抱在右腿上，她的頭低于我的

膝蓋。根據(jù)后文than可知為比較級。故填lower。

19.考查介詞。句意:然后我開始打她的背。此處為介詞hitsb.ontheback表示“拍打背部故填

on。

20.考查表語從句。句意：Rowena就是這樣救了一個嬰兒的命。引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句缺少方式狀

語，故用how。故填how。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

（2023?北京朝陽,統(tǒng)考二模）ColumbiaEngineering飛SummerHighSchoolAcademicProgramfor

Engineers（SHAPE）isaselectivepre-collegeprogramforhighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.

SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftforSTEM:science,technology,engineering,andmathematics.

Each3-weeksessionofferscollege-level,project-basedcoursesinengineeringtaughtbycelebrated

professorsattheuniversity.

SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobeanengineer,anditsprofessional

developmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.

Courses

SHAPEfeaturescreativeproblem-solvingcoursesandexposesstudentstoinnovativeengineering

techniquesandknowledgepresentedbyprofessors.PleasenotethatSHAPEdoesnotprovidecollege

credit.

StudentsgainaccesstothefamousMakerSpaceandstate-of-the-artresearchlaboratoriesafter

completingthesafetytrainingandwillonlydosoundercloseguidance.

SHAPEalsoprovidesstudentswithworkshopstoexplorecareerfields,professionaldevelopment,

andguidanceonsharpeningone'scollegeapplicationfromadmissionsofficers.Studentsintheprogram

willbevisitingcompaniesandorganizationsthatshowtheclassroomcontentinpractice.

Application

Studentsareselectedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:

1.Strongacademicrecord

2.PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEMthroughengagementin

challengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.

3.Enthusiasticletterofrecommendationsubmittedbyamathorscienceteacher

4.Creativeresponsestotworequiredquestionsandoneofthethreeoptionalquestions

WeencourageallstudentstoapplybytheprioritydeadlineofJune15,2023,sothereisnoapplication

fee.Aftertheprioritydeadline,a$50applicationfeeisrequired.

SHAPEisdedicatedtosupportingstudentsandtheirfamiliesinneedoffinancialassistance.Weoffer

alimitednumberofneed-basedscholarships,whichcoverthefullcostofSHAPE.Tobeconsideredfora

need-basedscholarship,familieswillneedtoprovidearecentpayreceiptandcompleteaFamilyIncome

andExpenseWorksheet.

Email:shape@formoreinformation.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutSHAPE?

A.ItsuitsstudentstalentedinSTEM.B.ItshowstheprocedureoflearningSTEM.

C.Itservesasthestartofstudents9collegelife.D.Itgivesstudentschancestoworkwith

engineers.

22.InSHAPE,studentscan_.

A.befreetoexploretheMakerSpaceB.earncollegecreditforfuturestudy

C.putschoolknowledgeintopracticeD.beequippedwithskillsforengineering

23.TosecureaplaceinSHAPE,studentsneedto_.

A.showtheirfamilyfinancialstateB.answerallthegivenquestions

C.payapplicationfeesbeforedeadlineD.provetheirlearningcapability

【答案】21.A22.D23.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一項針對高中生和應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的選擇性大學(xué)預(yù)科課程：

SHAPEo介紹了其課程特色以及申請要求。

21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftforSTEM:science,technology,

engineering,andmathematics.（SHAPE是為具有STEM：科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)天賦的學(xué)生量身定

制的）”可知，SHAPE適合在STEM領(lǐng)域有天賦的學(xué)生。故選A。

22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobean

engineer,anditsprofessionaldevelopmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtoget

there.（SHAPE讓學(xué)生對成為一名工程師意味著什么有了一個更現(xiàn)實的認識，它的專業(yè)發(fā)展部分幫助

學(xué)生發(fā)展他們到達那里所需的技能）”可知，在SHAPE,學(xué)生可以掌握工程技能。故選D。

23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application部分中“Personalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestin

STEMthroughengagementinchallengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.（個人陳述，通過參與具有挑戰(zhàn)

性的課程、活動、項目等，展示對STEM的興奮和興趣）”可知，申請條件中需要學(xué)生陳述自己參加

過的有挑戰(zhàn)性的課程、活動、項目，這能證明自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力，由此可知，為了在SHAPE獲得一

席之地，學(xué)生需要證明自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選D。

（2023?北京西城?二模）Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopened

thedoortoleavethehouseat11pmforthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-old

daughtertotheground.

Ididnotknowhowtodealwitharebellious（叛逆的）teenager.Weareafamilyofstrongwills,from

thetopdown.Allmykidshadpushedandargued.Everyone“kindof'followedtherules.Astheygotolder,

especiallywhentheyhithighschool,Isawthepowershifting,butithadn'tbeensoobvious.Ihadnotseen

muchin-your-facerebellion.

Untilthishappened.

IcalledAmySpeidel,awiseandpracticalparentingexpert.Shestayedonthephonewithmeand

listenedtomywildcomplaintaboutmydisrespectfulkid.Shelistenedforalmosttwohoursandthengave

mesomesuggestions.

Amytoldmethatmydaughter'sbehaviorwas"developmentallyappropriate^-shewassupposedto

testtheboundaries.Amyalsosaidthatitwasgreatthatmydaughterwouldbeabletostandupforherself

inarelationshipthatwasn'tworking.

Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn'tconsideredanythingpositiveaboutherbehavior

一butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter'sstrong

will.

AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstandingdisciplinevs

control.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.

ButIlistenedtoAmyandhere'swhatIlearned.

1.Mydaughter'sbehaviorwasnormal.ThateasedmyfearsthatIhadraisedaterriblehumanand

failedasamother.

2.Mydaughter'sstrongpersonalitywasastrength.Thatrevelationwasahugegift.Ivalueher

qualitiesbutdon'twantthemusedagainstme.Iwillsoftenmyresponseandlistentoher.

3.1wentcrazy.Infact,Icrossedaline.Andthathappens.ButIlearnedtoapologizeandresetsothat

wecouldmoveforward.

Myjob,therefore,istolearnnewresponsesthatoffermydaughteroptionsandrealisticconsequences,

notemptythreats.Andhopefully,thiswillchangemyrelationshipwithmydaughter.

24.Whatistheactualreasontheauthorhadafightwithherdaughter?

A.Thedaughterwouldn'tgiveherthekeys.

B.Thedaughterdidn'tcomebackuntil11pm.

C.Thedaughterinsistedongoingoutlateatnight.

D.Thedaughterwantedtogotothemovieswithfriends.

25.Thecommentsmadetheauthorfeel“awftd”because.

A.shehadhelpedherdaughtertotestboundaries

B.shedidn'ttreasurethemother-daughterrelationship

C.shethoughtAmywascriticizingherdaughter'supbringing

D.shehadn'tnoticedthedesirableaspectsofherdaughter'sbehavior

26.Afterthephonecall,theauthorlearnedthat.

A.herdaughter'sstrongcharactershouldbesoftened

B.sheshouldconstructivelydealwithconflict

C.herdaughtershouldcontrolherbehavior

D?sheshouldadmitherfailureasamother

27.AccordingtoAmy,whatshouldtheauthorsayifthesamesituationhappensagain?

A.”Doyoureallythinkyoucanjustwalkoutthedoorlikethat?”

B."It'snotsafetobeoutsolate.Whatabouttomorrowaftemoon?^^

C.”Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryougooutornot.Iwillsupportyou.”

D.”Youhavebeendisrespectfulandcan,tgoouttonight.Isthatclear?”

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者和自己的女兒發(fā)生沖突后，和育兒專家通話后改變原來

的處理沖突的方式，希望能改善和女兒的關(guān)系。

24.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第——段“Iwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopened

thedoortoleavethehouseat11pmforthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-old

daughtertotheground.（我因為鑰匙把她摔在地上，真的。事實上，當(dāng)她不顧我的話，在晚上11點開

門離開家去看電影時，我把我16歲的女兒摔倒在地）”可知，作者和女兒吵架的真正原因是因為女兒

堅持深夜外出。故選C。

25.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn'tconsideredanything

positiveaboutherbehavior-butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwantto

devaluemydaughter'sstrongwill.（那些評論真的讓我感覺很糟糕。我沒有考慮過她的行為有什么積極

的方面——但除了我們母女的關(guān)系，我從來不想貶低我女兒堅強的意志）”可知，這些評論讓作者感

到“糟糕”，是因為作者沒有注意到女兒行為中積極的方面，也就是令人滿意的方面。故選D。

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段"AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelp

understandingdisciplinevscontrol.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwanted

permissiontoscreamandpunish.（在和艾米交談之后，我意識到我才是那個需要幫助來理解紀律和控

制的人。老實說，我確實討厭責(zé)任落在我身上。我想要被允許尖叫和懲罰）”可推知，通過電話，作

者了解到她應(yīng)該建設(shè)性地處理沖突，故選B。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Myjob,therefore,istolearnnewresponsesthatoffermydaughter

optionsandrealisticconsequences,notemptythreats.Andhopefully,thiswillchangemyrelationshipwith

mydaughter”因此，我的工作是學(xué)習(xí)新的回應(yīng)，為我的女兒提供選擇和現(xiàn)實的后果，而不是空洞的

威脅。希望這能改變我和女兒的關(guān)系）”可推知，在重新處理同樣的情況時，作者應(yīng)該會把深夜離家

的后果——不安全告訴女兒，并且讓她選擇一個其他時間出門。故選B。

C

（2023?北京海淀?三模）FungiCanHelpConcreteHealItsOwnCracks

Cracksareverycommoninconcretestructuresduetovariouschemicalandphysicalphenomenathat

occurduringeverydayuse.Andtinycrackscanbequiteharmfulbecausetheyprovideaneasyrouteinfor

liquidsandgasses-andtheharmfulsubstancestheymightcontain.Forinstance,micro-crackscanallow

waterandoxygentoinfiltrateandthencorrodethesteel,leadingtostructuralfailure.

Butcontinuousmaintenanceandrepairworkisdifficultbecauseitusuallyrequiresanenormous

amountoflaborandinvestment.

Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtheseharmfulcrackscouldhealthemselveswithout

humanintervention.Theideawasoriginallyinspiredbytheamazingabilityofthehumanbodytoheal

itselfofcuts,bruisesandbrokenbones.Apersontakesinnutrientswhichthebodyusestoproducenew

substitutestohealdamagedtissues.Inthesameway,canweprovidenecessaryproductstoconcretetofill

incrackswhendamagehappens?

Throughlongtimeresearch,scientistshavefoundanunusualcandidatetohelpconcretehealitself:a

funguscalledT.reesei.Itisfoundthatascalciumhydroxidefromconcretedissolvedinwater,thepHof

thefungalgrowthmediumincreasedfromaclose-to-neutraloriginalvalueof6.5allthewaytoavery

alkaline13.0.Ofallthefungitested,onlyT.reeseicouldsurvivethisenvironment.DespitethedrasticpH

increase,itssporesgerminatedintothreadlikehyphalmyceliumandgrewequallywellwithorwithout

concrete.

Scientistsproposeincludingfungalspores,togetherwithnutrients,duringtheinitialmixingprocess

whenbuildinganewconcretestructure.Whentheinevitablecrackingoccursandwaterfindsitswayin,

thedormantfungalsporeswillgerminate.Astheygrow,they511workasacatalystwithinthecalcium-rich

conditionsoftheconcretetopromoteprecipitationofcalciumcarbonatecrystals.Thesemineraldeposits

canfillinthecracks.Whenthecracksarecompletelycaulkedandnomorewatercanenter,thefungiwill

againformspores.Ifcracksformagainandenvironmentalconditionsbecomefavorable,thesporescould

wakeupandrepeattheprocess.

T.reeseiiseco-friendly,posingnoknownrisktohumanhealth.Infact,T.reeseihasalonghistoryof

safeuseinindustrial-scaleproductionofcarbohydraseenzymes,suchascellulase,whichplaysan

importantroleinfermentationprocessesduringwinemaking.Ofcourse,researcherswillneedtoconducta

thoroughassessmenttoinvestigateanypossibleimmediateandlong-termeffectsontheenvironmentand

humanhealthpriortoitsuseasahealingagentinconcreteinfrastructure.

28.Accordingtothepassage,tinycracksinconcretestructuresmayleadto.

A.Disfunctionevencollapseoftheentirestructure

B?Continuousmaintenanceandrebuilding

C.Leakageofliquidsandgasses

D.Wasteofwaterandoxygen

29.WhatcanweknowaboutT.reesei?

A.Itiswidelyusedinbuildingconcretestructures.

B.Itcansurviveinextremeenvironment.

C.Itcanhelptheconcretecracksheal.

D.Itisanewlydiscoveredfungi.

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.T.reeseimightbeusedonhuman.

B.Theresearchisstillatitsinitiallystage.

C.T.reeseiisunreplaceableinwinemaking.

D?T.reeseihaslong-termeffectsonhumanhealth

【答案】28.A29.C30.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的老硬化，混凝土出現(xiàn)裂縫，科學(xué)家們通過測

試發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種叫做T.reesei的真菌，能使裂縫自己愈合。

28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Andtinycrackscanbequiteharmfulbecausetheyprovideaneasy

routeinforliquidsandgasses—andtheharmfulsubstancestheymightcontain.Forinstance,

micro-crackscanallowwaterandoxygentoinfiltrateandthenconodethesteel,leadingtostructural

failures微小的裂縫可能非常有害，因為它們?yōu)橐后w、氣體及可能含有的有害物質(zhì)提供了一條容易進

去的途徑。例如，微裂紋會使水和氧氣滲入，然后腐蝕鋼材，導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)失效）”可知，微小的裂縫會

導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)失效，甚至是結(jié)構(gòu)的崩塌。故選A。

29.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Throughlongtimeresearch,scientistshavefoundanunusual

candidatetohelpconcretehealitself:afunguscalledT.昨esei.（通過長期的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種不

尋常的候選者來幫助混凝土愈合：一種叫做T.reesei的真菌）”可知，T.reesei真菌能幫助混凝土愈合

裂縫。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ofcourse,researcherswillneedtoconductathoroughassessment

toinvestigateanypossibleimmediateandlong-termeffectsontheenvironmentandhumanhealthpriorto

itsuseasahealingagentinconcreteinfi*astructure.（當(dāng)然，在將它作為混凝土基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的治療劑之前，

研究者需要進行一個徹底的評估，已調(diào)查對環(huán)境和人類健康的任何可能的直接的和長期的影響）”可

推知，研究還需要進行徹底的評估，因此此研究還處于其最初階段。故選B。

D

（2023?北京房山?統(tǒng)考二模）Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis（光合作用），theprocessof

absorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That'swhyplants

growandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.

Butthisprocessisn'tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlight

actuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.

Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandto

createfoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness."Withour

approachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormally

imposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,,9correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessor

ofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.

Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic（電催化）process

toconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate（醋酸鹽）——themainingredientofvinegar——thatthe

plantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricity

tosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms,tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateever

producedbythismethod.

Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.

Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.

“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiological

photosynthesis,9,saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthe

study."'Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofood

productionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis/9shesaid.

Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregions

withless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.

Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets."'Imagine

somedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars-howmucheasierwouldthatbe

forfutureMartians?^^co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cardenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformation

ResearchCentersaid.

Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalue

infeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethod

increasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactonthe

planet.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant“inParagraph1mostprobablymean?

A.Fresh.B.Resting.C.Healthy.D.Normal.

32.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.

B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.

C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.

D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.

33.AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cardenas,artificialphotosynthesisis_.

A.accurateB.dangerousC.promisingD.impractical

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.

B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.

C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.

D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.

【答案】31.B32.A33.C34.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過程以及積極效果。

31.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)戈ll線詞上文“That'swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereis

moredaylight（這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長和茁壯成長）“以及后文"inthecoldermonths”結(jié)

合常識，可知，植物在陽光充足的溫暖月份生長茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息

的”。故選B。

32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-step

electrocatalytic（電催化）processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate（醋酸鹽）——themain

ingredientofvinegar-thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedthe

electrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms,tocomeu