2025版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)素養(yǎng)提升專題一語法基礎(chǔ)

專題一語法基礎(chǔ)必備第一講劃分句子成分和掌握基本句型Ⅰ.寫出下列句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)1．WeneedtheInternet.SVO2．TheMid-AutumnFestivalisaroundthecorner.SP3．Thereare45studentsinourclass.Therebe句型4．Iwanttohaveacupofteaverymuch.SVOA5．Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.SVIODOⅡ.分析下列句子的句子成分1．Onedaysomeofmystudentsweretalkingaboutwhatwewouldliketobeinthefuture.分析：Oneday作時(shí)間狀語,someofmystudents作主語，weretalkingabout作謂語,whatwewouldliketobeinthefuture作賓語。2．Themeetingheldyesterdaywasimportant.分析：Themeeting作主語;heldyesterday作后置定語；was作連系動(dòng)詞;important作表語。3．Wordcamethatthemayorwouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.分析：本句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，Word作主語；came作謂語；thatthemayorwouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek是同位語從句，說明主語的內(nèi)容。4．Duringthesameperiod,tradealongtheSilkRoadalsoboomed.分析：介詞短語Duringthesameperiod作狀語,trade作主語，介詞短語alongtheSilkRoad作后置定語，boomed作謂語。5．PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.分析：thebestway作主語，動(dòng)詞不定式短語tounderstandWesternart作后置定語，is是連系動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞不定式短語tolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies作表語，整個(gè)句子是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Ⅲ.語法填空(2023·甘肅省張掖市聯(lián)考)Incense(香)ismaterialthatreleasesfragrant(芳香的)smokewhenburnt.YangJinqing,aninheritorofQingyuantraditionalincensemaking,hasaburningdesire1.todevelop(develop)popularfragrances.Fordecades,Yanghascommittedhimself2.tothetraditionalincensecraftinQingyuan,3.whichwasnamedanationalintangibleculturalheritagebytheStateCouncilinJune2021.Thecountryboastsaprofoundincensehistory4.dating(date)backtobeforetheQinDynasty.ThecraftanditsculturethrivedduringtheSongDynasty.Itfoundwider5.popularity(popular)duringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenitwasusedtofendoffdiseases,insects,mosquitoesandpreservepeople'shealth.QingyuansawmanyincenseworkshopssetupduringtheSongDynasty,thankstoitsclosegeographicallocationtoabundantherbalresources6.hidden(hide)intheTaihangMountains.Nowadays,withthe7.increasingly(increasing)expandingmarket,morethan50,000people8.areengaged(engage)intheincensebusinessinmorethan500localincensebusinesses.YangJinqinghashelpedtoestablishanengineeringcenterforherbalincenseinHubeithatspecializesinstudyingancientrecipes9.anddevelopingnewcraftsbasedonthefragrance.“Wemightthinkincensecultureisveryelegantand,therefore,farawayfromus,butitisactuallyveryclosetoourlives.”hesays.“Whendrinkingtea,playingchess,readingorwriting,10.lighting(light)anincensestickcanhelpcalmthenervesandconcentratethemind.”“IwantfuturegenerationstoappreciatethecharmofChina'sincensecultureandcraft.”headds.語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是說明文，主要講述了中國傳統(tǒng)的制香業(yè)。解析：1.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：楊金慶是清遠(yuǎn)傳統(tǒng)制香的傳承人，他對開發(fā)大眾化香料有著強(qiáng)烈的愿望。短語adesiretodosth.渴望做某事。故填todevelop。2.考查固定搭配。句意：幾十年來，楊一直致力于清遠(yuǎn)傳統(tǒng)的熏香工藝，這一工藝于2021年6月被國務(wù)院列為國家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。短語commitoneselfto表示“致力于；投身于”。故填to。3．考查定語從句。句意：幾十年來，楊一直致力于清遠(yuǎn)傳統(tǒng)的熏香工藝，這一工藝于2021年6月被國務(wù)院列為國家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。在非限制性定語從句中，which指代traditionalincensecraft，在從句中作主語。故填which。4．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)國家擁有悠久的熏香歷史，可以追溯到秦朝以前。datebackto追溯到，為不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，與邏輯主語history構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。故填dating。5．考查名詞。句意：在明清時(shí)期，它更受歡迎，當(dāng)時(shí)它被用來抵御疾病、昆蟲、蚊子和保持人們的健康。wider為形容詞，后接名詞popularity作賓語。故填popularity。6．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于地處太行山中豐富的草藥資源，宋朝時(shí)清遠(yuǎn)就有了許多香作坊。邏輯主語herbalresources和hide之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。故填hidden。7.考查副詞。句意：如今，隨著市場的日益擴(kuò)大，超過5萬人在500多家當(dāng)?shù)匮闫髽I(yè)從事熏香業(yè)務(wù)。此處用副詞increasingly修飾expand，作狀語。故填increasingly。8．考查固定短語。句意：如今，隨著市場的日益擴(kuò)大，當(dāng)?shù)?00多家熏香企業(yè)從事熏香業(yè)務(wù)的人數(shù)已超過5萬人。短語beengagedin表示“從事”，根據(jù)上文Nowadays可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填areengaged。9.考查連詞。句意：楊金慶在湖北幫助建立了一個(gè)草藥香工程中心，專門研究古代配方，并開發(fā)基于香料的新工藝。根據(jù)句意可知，此處前后文為并列關(guān)系。故填and。10．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在喝茶、下棋、閱讀或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)，點(diǎn)上一根香可以幫助鎮(zhèn)靜神經(jīng)，集中精神。此處是動(dòng)名詞作主語。故填lighting。Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各題(一)用簡單句翻譯句子1．我們的英語老師非常年輕而且有耐心。OurEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.2．他兩年前從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.3．他經(jīng)常給我們提供一些好的學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。HeoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning./HeoftenofferssomegoodadviceonEnglishlearningtous.4．他盡力使他的課活潑有趣。Hetriestomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.5．他要求我們每天早上背誦一些英語單詞。HeasksustorecitesomeEnglishwordseverymorning.6．在他的幫助下，我們大多數(shù)人都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。Mostofushavemadegreatprogresswithhishelp.7．我們?yōu)閾碛羞@樣一位好老師感到自豪。Wefeelproudtohavesuchagoodteacher.(二)把上述句子連成一篇80詞左右的短文，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)?！緟⒖挤段摹縊urEnglishteacherisveryyoungandpatient.Hegraduatedfromcollegetwoyearsago.Hehasbeenworkinghardsincehecametoourschool.FindingsomeofusareweakinEnglish,heoftenoffersussomegoodadviceonEnglishlearning.Inaddition,hetriestomakehisclasseslive