全英文西方文明史智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院

全英文西方文明史智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院OnJanuary10,49BC,JuliusCaesarcrossedtheRubiconRiver,whichmarkedthestartofanotherRomanCivilWarbetweenCaesarandtheRomanSenatecontrolledbyCrassus.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Homer’sfirstepicpoem,TheIliad,startedwiththeWrathofAchilles.（）

答案:對(duì)AttheBattleofSalamis,whentheSpartankingLeonidasrealizedtheywouldlose,hesentbackmostofhistroopshome.Thekingandhis300soldiersfoughttodeath.（）

答案:錯(cuò)MarkAntony,CleopatraandOctavianformedthesecondTriumvirate.（）

答案:錯(cuò)HenryTudor,alsocalledHenryVII,wasthesecondkingfromtheHouseofTudor.（）

答案:錯(cuò)JuliusCaesarwasOctavian’smaternalgreat-uncle.TheyhavethesamefirstnameGaius.WhenOctavianwasborn,Caesarnamedhimandmadehimashisadoptedsonandheir.（）

答案:對(duì)HuntingtonbelievesModernizationisWesternization.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheRomanCatholicChurch’scentraladministration,theHolySee,isintheVaticanCitywithinRome.（）

答案:對(duì)Michelangeloisregardedthe“UniversalGenius”andthe“RenaissanceMan.”（）

答案:錯(cuò)DuringRussia’sTimeofTrouble,SigismundledPolisharmyinvadedRussia.（）

答案:對(duì)TheBibleistheholybookofChristianity.ThefirstpartistheOldTestament,basedontheHebrewBible.（）

答案:對(duì)InRomanmythology,Satyrwasagoatman,RomannameFaun.HaveyouseenthemovieTheChroniclesofNarnia?TherewasaFaunnamedMr.Tumnus.（）

答案:對(duì)ThetwelveOlympiansaretwelvemajorgodsandgoddessesliveatopMountOlympus.TheywereafamilyledbyZeus.（）

答案:對(duì)RemuswasthefirstkingoftheRomanKingdom.（）

答案:錯(cuò)AlexandertheGreatcreatedtheLeagueofCorinth;itwasthefirsttimemostoftheGreekcity-statesmanagedtouniteintoasinglepoliticalentity.MembersoftheLeagueagreednevertowagewaragainsteachotherandtheywouldunitetheirarmytoconquerthePersianEmpire.（）

答案:錯(cuò)InthestoryoftheGoldenAppleofDiscord,agoddessnamedParishadagoldenappleonlyforthebeautifulwoman,whichcausedaheatedcompetitionamongHera,AthenaandAphrodite.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheNetherlandshasthebestlocationforthetradewithinEurope,becauseitisonthehalfwaybetweentheBayofBiscayandtheBalticSea.（）

答案:對(duì)PompeyformedanalliancewithCrassusandJuliusCaesar,whichwascalledtheSecondTriumvirate.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Plutarch'sGermaniadescribedthelands,laws,andcustomsofthevariousGermanictribes;hisdescriptionswereconsideredawarningoftheRomans’excessiveself-confidence.（）

答案:對(duì)ThesecondepicpoemofHomerisTheOdyssey,ittellshowtheGreekheroAgamemnon,kingofIthaca,goinghomeaftertheTrojanWar.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whosaid“IknowonethingthatIknownothing”?（）

答案:SocratesTheClassicalGreeceopenedandclosedbothwithwarsagainstthe

______,itlasteduntilthedeathofAlexandertheGreatin323BC.（）

答案:PersiansTheRevolutionin1688alsocalledthe

Revolution.（）

答案:BloodlessIn1519,

startedhisgreatcircumnavigationaroundtheworld.（）

答案:FerdinandMagellanThehighestleaderoftheRomanRepublicwastwoconsuls,electedbythecitizensandadvisedbyasenate.Thetermofconsulshipwas

year(s).（）

答案:1pavedthewayforJuliusCaesartobecomethesoleruleroftheRomanRepublic.（）

答案:TheGallicwarsBecauseofPrometheus’stealingfirefromZeusandgaveittohuman,ZeuswantedtopunishPrometheusandthehuman,soheorderedthefirstwomantocarryaroundaboxwhichcontainedbothhopeandmisfortunate.Atlast,thewomanopenedtheboxbutlefthopeinside.WhatdoesPandora’sboxmean?（）

答案:ThesourceofdisastersInthefollowingchoices,whoisnotoneofthethreegreattragedians?（）

答案:AristophanesKing

earnedthetitle“LionHeart”becauseofhisreputationasagreatmilitaryleaderandwarrior.（）

答案:RichardITheBurghersofCalaisisafamoussculptureby

.（）

答案:AugusteRodin31TheInvasionofRussiain

wasdisastrous,mostofNapoleon’sarmyof500,000waskilledbyRussiansorthecoldwinter,only100,000cameback.（）

答案:1812Whoisbestknownforservingasco-founder,chiefeditor,andcontributortotheEncyclopediapublishedinFrancebetween1751and1772.（）

答案:DiderotTheFourSeasons,aseriesofviolinconcertosistheworkof

.（）

答案:VivaldiGermanyislocatedbetweenthe

andNorthSeastothenorth,andtheAlpstothesouth,coveringanareaof357,022squarekilometers.（）

答案:BalticSeaWhosaid:“Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth.”（）

答案:AristotleWhowasthe16thAmericanpresidentfrom1861untilhisassassinationOnApril14,1865?（）

答案:AbrahamLincolnTheUniversityof

inItaly,foundedin1088,wastheoldestuniversityinEurope.Itwasorganizedbytheguildofstudents;aguildisaformalassociationofpeoplewithsimilarinterestsorsamejob.（）

答案:BolognaBeethoven'sSymphonyNo

.alsoknownasthe“Choral”Symphony,isoneofthemostperformedsymphoniesintheworldtoday,thelyricsofthechoruswasapoemOdetoJoywrittenbyGermanpoetFriedrichSchiller.（）

答案:9ElizabethIwasthedaughterofHenryVIIIandthelastmonarchofthe

Dynasty.TheElizabethanEraistheperiodofthehistoryofEnglandduringthereignofQueenElizabethIfrom1558to1603.（）

答案:TudorIn1600,theRomanInquisitionproclaimed

guilty,andhewasburnedtodeathatthestakeinapublicsquarecalled“FieldofFlowers”inRome.（）

答案:BrunoThucydideswrote,“WhatmadewarinevitablewasthegrowthofAthenianpowerandthefearwhichthiscausedinSparta.”

,aHarvardprofessorcoinedthephrase“ThucydidesTrap”torefertowhenarisingpowercausedfearinanestablishedpower,confrontationorwarwouldeventuallyhappen.（）

答案:GrahamAllisonFriedrichEngelssaid,“Theword

isaspellthatdrovetheSpaniardsacrosstheAtlantictotheAmericas.”（）

答案:goldwasagreathistorianattheAugustanage.HisonlysurvivingworkisTheHistoryofRome,tellingthehistoryofRomefromtheearliestlegendstothedeathofAugustus.（）

答案:LivyDuringthereignof

,FrancereplacedSpainasthegreatestnationinEurope.（）

答案:LouisXIVWhosaid“Knowledgeispower”?（）

答案:FrancisBaconTheThirtyYears’Warendedin

bythePeaceofWestphalia,aseriesofpeacetreatiessignedbetweenMayandOctoberintheWestphaliancitiesofOsnabrückandMünster.（）

答案:1648The

istheiconofRome,alsoknownastheFlavianAmphitheatre.（）

答案:ColosseumIn1922,GermanhistorianOswaldSpenglerpublishedTheDeclineoftheWest,

claimingthattheWesternworldisendingandwitnessingthelastseason“wintertime,”andabouttheyearof__________,Westerncivilizationwouldentertheperiodofpre-deathemergency.

答案:2000LouisXIVwasfromtheHouseofBourbon,heruledfor

yearsand110days,thelongestrecordinEuropeanhistory.（）

答案:72TheItalianWarsfrom1494to1559wasactuallythepowerstrugglebetweenFranceand

.（）

答案:SpainAfterthedefeatofFranceintheRevolutionaryandNapoleonicWars(1792–1815),Britainemergedastheprincipalnavalandimperialpowerofthe19thcentury,andbytheearlyofthe20thcentury,itbecamethelargestempireinhistory,“theempireonwhichthesunneversets.”（）

答案:對(duì)GeorgeIIIwasKingofGreatBritainandKingofIrelandfrom1760untiltheunionofthetwocountriesin

,andthenhebecameKingoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelanduntilhisdeathin1820.（）

答案:1800JosephHaydnwaspraisedas“FatheroftheSymphony”and“FatheroftheStringQuartet.”（）

答案:對(duì)Whosaid,“Manisbornfreeandeverywhereheisinchains”?（

）

答案:Jean-JacquesRousseauMontesquieuspent21yearsworkingonwhichbook？（）

答案:TheSpiritoftheLawDuringthereignofVictory,QueenofEngland,ScotlandandIreland,theparliamentsofEnglandandScotlandpassedtheActsofUnionin1706.ThekingdomsofEnglandandScotlandunitedasasinglesovereignstateknownas

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheUnitedStatesCongresshasthesolepowertomakelaws,andithasonlyonechamber.（）

答案:錯(cuò)WhowasbothKingofGreatBritainandIrelandandElectorofHanoveruntilhisdeathin1727?（）

答案:GeorgeIBeethoven's

symphony,HeroicSymphonywasoriginallydedicatedtoNapoleon.However,whenheheardNapoleonwouldbecrownedemperor,hescratchedthenameBonaparteinthetitlepage;hewassoviolentthathemadeaholeinthepaper.（）

答案:thirdOnJuly14,

,citizensofParisstormedtheBastille,afortressusedasarmoryandpoliticalprison,inanattempttosecuregunpowderandweapons.（）

答案:1789In1632,attheBattleofLützeninSaxony,theDanishKingGustavusAdolphuswasseriouslywoundedanddied.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheThirtyYears’WarendedbythePeaceofWestphalia,whichrecognizedthecoexistenceofthetworeligionsinEurope,Protestantinthesouth,andCatholicinthenorth.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheEnglishCivilWar,aseriesofarmedconflictsbetweenParliamentariansandRoyalists,startedin1642.（）

答案:對(duì)In1721,

becamethefirstEmperoroftheRussianEmpire.（）

答案:PetertheGreatGalileoGalileiformulatedamodeloftheuniversethatplacedtheSunratherthantheEarthatthecenteroftheuniverse.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheDutchGoldenAgewasaperiodinthehistoryoftheNetherlands;theNetherlandsbecametheforemostmaritimeandeconomicpowerintheworld.（）

答案:對(duì)Whoisoftencreditedwithbeingthe“FatherofModernPhilosophy?”（）

答案:RenéDescartesThePeaceofAugsburg,atreatythatofficiallygrantedstateswithintheHolyRomanEmpiretherighttochoosetheirofficialreligion,wassignedin.（）

答案:1555wasanEnglishmilitaryandpoliticalleader.In1653,hedissolvedtheRumpParliamentandservedasLordProtectoroftheCommonwealthofEngland,Scotland,andIrelandfrom1653untilhisdeathin1658.

答案:OliverCromwellThePeaceofWestphalia,aseriesofpeacetreatiesthatendedtheThirtyYears’War,grantedeachprincetherighttodeterminewhat

ofhisownstate.（）

答案:religionWhoisregardedthe“UniversalGenius”andthe“RenaissanceMan”?（

）

答案:LeonardodaVinciIn1576,themutinousSpanishtroopssackedAntwerp,7,000peoplewereslaughtered,andonethirdofthecitywasburned.Thiswascalled“theSpanishFury.”（）

答案:對(duì)TheEnglishReformationledHenryVIIIbecamethesupremeheadoftheChurchofEnglandandownerofitsvastwealth.（）

答案:對(duì)“BloodyMary”wasthelastmonarchoftheHouseofTudorruledfrom1558to1603.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Renaissancemeans“rebirth”foranItalianculturalmovementfrom14to17thcentury.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ItalianWarswereaseriesofconflictsthatinvolvedmostofthecity-statesofItaly,France,Spain,theHolyRomanEmpireaswellastheOttomanEmpire.（）

答案:對(duì)Whowasknownasthe“FatherofHumanism”andthe“FatheroftheRenaissance”?（）

答案:PetrarchThemotiveofthewesternexplorersduringtheAgeofDiscoverycanbesummarizedinthreewords:

,God,andGlory.（）

答案:GoldHenryIVissuedanedictthatupheld

'spositionastheestablishedreligionofFrance,whichendedthewarandbroughtpeacetothecountry.（）

答案:CatholicismWhichcitywasthecenterofRenaissanceculture,oneofthewealthiestcitiesinEurope?（）

答案:FlorenceWhichkinglaunchedtheHundredYears’War(1346-1453)?HewasfromtheHouseofPlantagenetandhetransformedEnglandintooneofthemostformidablemilitarypowersinEurope.（）

答案:EdwardIIIMosthistoriansregardthecoronationof

in987asthebeginningsofmodernFrance,andhewasthefirstKingofmodernFrance.（）

答案:HughCapetIn1356,CharlesIVissuedtheGoldenBull,explicitlynamedthesevenPrince-electorswhoweretochoosetheGermanKingandthefutureHolyRomanEmperor.（）

答案:對(duì)WhowasthefirstkingoftheHouseofValois?（）

答案:PhilipVI__________wasanItalianpoet,hisepicpoemTheDivineComedy

isthemostimportantpoemoftheMiddleAgesandthegreatestliteraryworkintheItalianlanguage.

（

）

答案:AlighieriDanteCharlemagnewasknownasthe“FatherofEurope.”（）

答案:對(duì)TheEnglishvictorymarkedtheendoftheHundredYears’War.（）

答案:錯(cuò)WhowasthefirstNormanKingofEngland?（）

答案:WilliamtheConquerorCharlesIVwasfromtheHouseofHabsburg.（）

答案:錯(cuò)BritainwasconqueredbyRomansin43adanditbecametheRomanprovinceofBritanniauntiltheearly5thcentury.（）

答案:對(duì)TheBibleistheholybookofChristianity.ThesecondpartofitistheNewTestament,writteninthecommonRomanlanguage,dealswiththelifeandteachingsofJesusChristaswellaseventsinthefirst-centuryChristianity.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ThePaxRomanainLatinmeans“_____________.”（）

答案:RomanPeaceTheOttomanEmpireconqueredConstantinoplein1553.（）

答案:錯(cuò)WhowastraditionallycountedasthefirstBishopofRome?orPope?.（）

答案:SaintPeterTheByzantineEmpirewastheHellenisticworld,fromtheearly6thcentury

becametheofficiallanguage.（）

答案:GreekOctaviandiedin14adattheageof75.Theperiodheruledcalledthe____________age.（）

答案:AugustanWhichemperor’sdeathin180admarkedtheendofthe200-yearPaxRomana?（）

答案:MarcusAureliusTheItalianRenaissancepoliticalphilosopherMachiavellicalledthefirstfiveemperorsoftheNerva–AntonineDynastyNerva,Trajan,Hadrian,AntoninusPiusandMarcusAurelius“FiveGoodEmperors.”（）

答案:對(duì)Whileonmilitarycampaignsbetween170and180,____________wrotehisbookMeditations

inGreekasasourceforhisownguidanceandself-improvement.（

）

答案:MarcusAureliusOnthethirddayafterthedeathofJesusChristcametheCrucifixion,hecamebacktolife.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ThehistoricaleventofRapeofLucretiamarkedtheendoftheRomanKingdomandthestartoftheRomanRepublic.（）

答案:對(duì)RomanepicTheAeneidwaswrittenby

.（）

答案:VirgilIn60BC,PompeyjoinedCrassusandJuliusCaesarinthemilitary-politicalalliance,whichwasknownasthe

Triumvirate,TriumvirateinLatinmeans“threemen.”

（

）

答案:FirstTheRomanTriumphwasaceremonytocelebratethesuccessofamilitarycommanderwhohadledRomanarmytogreatvictory.（）

答案:對(duì)MariusalliedwiththePlebeianTribuneSulpiciusRufus,forcedtheSenatepassingabilltransferringthecommandfromSullatoMarius.Sullarefusedandmarchedhissixlegionsof35,000menonRome,andthenMariusfledtoAfirca.（）

答案:對(duì)InthelateRepublic,thereweretwofactionsinthepoliticalarena.Onefactionwasagroupofpoliticianscalledthe

,meaning“thebestones.”（）

答案:OptimatesOptimateswantedtostrengthenthepowerofthePlebeianAssemblyandPlebeianTribune.（）

答案:錯(cuò)TheSocietyoftheRomanRepublicishighlyhierarchical,therulingclassisPlebeians.（）

答案:錯(cuò)WhowasdeclaredanenemyofthestatebytheSecondTriumvirateandwasexecutedin43bc?（）

答案:CiceroThePunicWarswereaseriesof

warsfoughtbetweentheRomanRepublicandCarthage.（）

答案:threeSophocleswroteaplaynamed_______,whichtoldusasadstoryofthekingofThebeskilledhisfatherandmarriedhismother.（）

答案:OedipustheKingRomanpoliticianCicerocalledHerodotus“TheFatherofHistory,”andhisbookTheHistorywasthefoundingworkofhistoryintheWest.（）

答案:對(duì)WhoisthefounderoftheAcademyinAthens,thefirstschoolofhigherlearningintheWesternworld?（）

答案:PlatoIn371bc,SpartainvadedThebesbutlostthewar.NextyearThebesinvadedthePeloponnesus.TheyfirsttookMessenia,thesourceofSpartanwealth,andthenconqueredSparta,destroyeditsmilitarypower.SpartaneverrecoveredandThebesfilledthepowervacuumleftbySparta.（）

答案:對(duì)InancientGreece,hegemonymeansthepoliticalandmilitarydominanceofacity-stateoverothercity-statesratherthanaderogatorytermintheChinesetranslation,whichmeanstobullyortobeatyrant,butinEnglish,ithasnonegativemeaning.（）

答案:對(duì)Thucydideswrote,“WhatmadewarinevitablewasthegrowthofAthenianpowerandthefearwhichthiscausedinSparta.”

Basedonthiscomment,aHarvardprofessorGrahamAllisoncoinedthephrase“ThucydidesProblem”

torefertowhenarisingpowercausedfearinanestablishedpower,confrontationorwarwouldeventuallyhappen.

答案:錯(cuò)IntheHellenisticworld,GreekculturedominatedonlyinGreeceandMacedonianotinEgyptandwestAsia.（）

答案:錯(cuò)AlexandertheGreatdiedin_____bc,whichmarkedtheendofClassicalGreeceandthebeginningoftheHellenisticGreece.（）

答案:323The5thcenturybcofAthenscalledtheGoldenAgeofAthenswhenAthensbecamethesuperpowerwithpoliticalandeconomichegemony,andonereasonofthiswasthatAthenshadagreatleader______.（）

答案:PericlesAlexandertheGreatwastaughtbyPlatoandheiswidelyconsideredasoneof