2024屆廣東省湛江市普通高考第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案解析）

2024屆廣東省湛江市普通高考第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試卷

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

TopCoffee-producingCountries

Brazil

Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.Now,around300,000coffee

farmersinBrazilproduceabout40%oftheworld'scoffee.Arabica（阿拉比卡咖啡）takesup

70%ofthecoffeebeansgrowninthecountry.InBrazil,3%ofexportincomeisfromcoffee

beans.Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeandconsumeitalldaylong.

Vietnam

CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe1800s.Nowcoffeeindustryemploysalmost3

millionpeople.MostofVietnam'scoffeeproductionisthelessappreciatedRobusta（羅布斯

塔咖啡）variety.Becauseofthat,mostcoffeebeansgrowninVietnamareforinstantcoffee.

Despitecoffee'spopularityasanexportcrop,theVietnamesestillprefertea.Theyalsomake

afamousCappuccino（卡布奇諾咖啡）notfoundelsewhere-famousbecauseitgetsadose

ofraweggifthafstoyourliking.

Colombia

CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiaintheearly1700s.InColombia,about2.3million

acresoflandareplantedwithcoffee.Coffeeisthemostimportantagriculturalexport.There

arearound555,000coffeegrowersinColombia.ThemajorityofColombiancoffee

plantationsareownedbyfamilies.Colombianstypicallystarttheirmorningwithatinto.It'sa

smallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetenedwithsugar.Theymayaddcinnamonorother

spicestojazzitup.

Indonesia

Indonesiahasalongcoffeehistorythatgoesbacktothe1600s,whichhasitsshareof

upsanddowns.Inthelate19thcentury,theterriblecoffeerustdiseasecauseddeathtomany

ofthehigh-qualitycoffeeplants.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,Indonesiareplanted

withthedisease-resistantRobustacoffee.ArabicabeansstillplayapartintheIndonesian

coffeemarket,representingabout25%ofcoffeebeansgrownthere.

1.Whichofthefourcountriesstartedgrowingcoffeeearliest?

A.Brazil.B.Vietnam.C.Colombia.D.Indonesia.

2.WhatisspecialaboutVietnam?

A.Auniquekindofcoffeedrinkismadethere.

B.High-qualitycoffeebeansareproducedthere.

C.Coffeewasproducedforthehomemarketthere.

D.Coffeeplantingmetwithproblemsinthe1990sthere.

3.WhatdoBrazilandColombiahaveincommon?

A.Coffeeexportsaregrowinginbothcountries.

B.Theybothhaveacoffee-lovingpopulation.

C.Theysharethesamenumberofcoffeegrowers.

D.Coffeefarmsareownedbyfamiliesinbothcountries.

Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamousauthorsandillustratorswhenthey

cametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren'sLiteratureConference.Ihosted

suchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,JerryPinkneyandJames

Ransome.Iwouldstandattheairport,holdingoneoftheirbooksandwaitingtopickthemup

andthendrivethemaroundtowntoplacestheyneededtogoandassistthemduring

autographsessions.AftergraduatingfrommyuniversityandacceptingapositionatClemson

Universityin2003,1keptintouchwithJamesRansome.

In2005Ireceivedagrantfromthegovernmenttoconductafamily-literacyprogram.I

wantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedtenAfricanAmericanfamilieswith

childrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.Iprovidedeachofthefamilieswith

copiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedbyJames.

Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthlyworkshops,andthefinaleventwas

apresentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwithhim.Ibelievedthiseventwouldbea

meaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavingafamousillustratorofchildren'sliterature

comeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecausethefamiliesandIhadreadandresponded

toseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefiveworkshops.

James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthefamilies.Aparent,Ashley,told

methatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthavingparticipatedintheprogramand

loanedherson'sautographedcopiesofJames'sbooksfbrtheclasstoread.Lookingback

overmycareer,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneoftheaccomplishmentsofwhichIamthe

proudest,andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspartofit.

試卷第2頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

4.HowdidtheauthorcomeintocontactwithJames?

A.Theauthormethimbyaccidentattheairport.

B.Theauthorwenttohimtoaskforanautograph.

C.Theauthorhostedhimwhenheattendedaconference.

D.Theauthorwasintroducedtohimbyauniversityprofessor.

5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutJames?

A.Heranmonthlyworkshops.B.HeisanAfricanAmerican.

C.Hehaswrittensevenbooks.D.HegraduatedfromClemsonUniversity.

6.WhatdidJamesdoforthefamily-literacyprogram?

A.Hegaveatalktothefamilies.

B.Heloanedhisbookstothefamilies.

C.Herespondedtothequestionsraisedbythefamilies.

D.Heaskedthegovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttothefamilies.

7.WhatisAshley'sattitudetowardsJames?

A.Doubtful.B.Caring.C.Tolerant.D.Appreciative.

TheRobbersCaveExperimentwaspartofaseriesofstudiesconductedbysocial

psychologistMuzaferSherifandhisworkmatesinthe1940sand1950s.Theresearchers

dividedboysatasummercampintotwogroups,andtheystudiedhowconflictdeveloped

betweenthem.Theyalsoinvestigatedwhatdidanddidn'tworktoreducegroupconflict.The

boyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.

Inthe1954study,boyswhowereapproximately11?12yearsoldthoughtthattheywere

participatinginatypicalsummercamp,whichtookplaceatRobbersCaveStatePark.

However,thecampers'parentsknewthattheirchildrenwereactuallyparticipatingina

researchstudy.

Theboysarrivedatthecampintwoseparategroups:forthefirstpartofthestudy,they

spenttimewithmembersoftheirowngroup,withoutknowingthattheothergroupexisted.

Thegroupschosenames,theEaglesandtheRattlers.

Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup

andbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Thentheresearchersarrangeda

competitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgamessuchasbaseballand

tug-of-warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecametense.Thecampers

ratedtheirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（對(duì)立）group.

Todeterminethefactorsthatcouldreducegroupconflict,theresearchersfirstbrought

thecamperstogetherforfunactivitiessuchashavingamealorwatchingamovietogether.

However,thisdidn'tworktoreduceconflict.

Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwogroupsworkoncommongoals.For

example,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposelybytheresearchers,andtheEagles

andtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.Workingonsharedgoalseventually

reducedconflictandfriendshipsbegantoformwithmembersoftheothergroup.Intheend,

someofthecampersrequestedthateveryonefrombothgroupstakethebushometogether,

andonegroupboughtdrinksfortheothergroup.

8.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecampersinthe1954experiment?

A.Theirparentsheldsomethingbackfromthem.

B.Theywereaskedtotakepartinasocialpractice.

C.Theywereparticipatinginatypicalsummercamp.

D.Theirgroupswereformedbythenamestheychose.

9.Whatisthebeginningoftheboys9negativeattitudetotheothergroup?

A.Beingaskedtoratetheothergroup.

B.Hearingnegativeremarksfromtheothergroup.

C.Competinginatournamentagainsttheothergroup.

D.Becomingawareoftheexistenceoftheothergroup.

10.Whywasthecamp'swatersupplycutoff?

A.Tocauseaconflictbetweenthetwogroups.

B.Totestthecampers5problem-solvingability.

C.Togetthetwogroupstoworkforacommongoal.

D.Toseehowmuchthecamperscareabouteachother.

11.WhatcanbeaconclusionfromSherifsexperiment?

A.Fightsbetweendifferentgroupsareunavoidable.

B.Oneshouldseekfriendshipwithoutgroupmembers.

C.Funactivitiesarethebestwaystoreducegroupconflict.

D.Groupmemberstendtoturnagainstoutgroupmembers.

ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthelightofthesun,moon,and

試卷第4頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

starstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningofelectriclightinginthe

late19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthenaturalworld.

Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight（ALAN）,lightpollutionluresmigratingbirdsto

citieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsectpopulations,

andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble（緩行）awayfromthewaterinsteadoftowardsit.

Now,anewstudyfromtheUniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfinding

abouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollution

fromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhen

theywouldnormallyreproduce.

Usingacombinationoflightpollutiondataandspawning（產(chǎn)）observations,

researcherswereabletoshowforthefirsttimethatcoralsexposedtoALANarespawning

onetothreedaysearlierandclosertothefullmooncomparedtothoseonunlitcorals.t4That

shiftmayreducethesurvivalandfertilizationsuccessofgametes（酉己子）andgenetic

connectivitybetweennearbylitandunlitcoralsystems,theyexplain.

“Coralsareamongthemostbiodiverse,economicallyimportant,andthreatened

ecosystemsontheplanet,writetheauthorsofthestudy.

“Climatechangehasledtomassbleaching（褪色）events.Habitatdestruction,fisheries,

andpollutionhavereducedcoralssubstantiallysincethe1950s,^^theywrite,adding,"The

completelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext100years.

IfwewanttoreducetheharmALANiscausing,wecouldperhapslooktodelaythe

switching-onofnight-timelightingincoastalregionstoensurethenaturaldarkperiod

betweensunsetandmoonrisewhencoralreproductionremainsundisturbed.

12.Whyisthefirstparagraphwritten?

A.Topresentthetopicofthetext.B.Toadvocateenergyconservation.

C.Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"optimum“inparagraph2mean?

A.Possible.B.Appropriate.C.Flexible.D.Sensitive.

14.Whatistheresearchers5majorconcernovercorals?

A.Extinction.B.Losingvalue.

C.Terriblediseases.D.Exposuretomoonlight.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CreaturesRelyonNaturalLightstoScheduleTheirLife

B.Night-timeLightingShortensNaturalDarkPeriod

C.CoastalLightsTrickCoralsintoEarlySpawning

D.LightPollutionLeadstoSeriousConsequences

Manysignificantinternationalprojectshaveconsideredhowschoolingmightchangeto

bettermatchthechangesthathavetakenplaceinthe21stcentury.16Oneisashift

inthemeaningofknowledge,andtheotheristheneedtobuildeducationsystemsbased

aroundwhatwenowknowaboutlearning.

Theterm"'knowledgeage"or"knowledgeeconomy^^referstoareorganizationaway

fromanIndustrialAgeeconomy,whereexploitation（開采）ofnaturalresources,primary

productionandmassproductionwerethestandardmodelsforeconomicdevelopment.17

Thisisachievedthroughtherapidcreationofnewknowledgeandhasbecomethebasisfor

economicdevelopment.Itisarguedthateducationfortheknowledgeagemustfocusonthe

developmentoflearners5competencestodealwithnewsituationsandenvironments.

18Nordoesitdenytheneedforobviousgoalsforstudents5knowledge

development.Rather,thefuture-focusededucationliteraturesuggestsweneedtoadopta

muchmorecomplexviewofknowledge,onethatincorporatesknowing,doingandbeing.

Alongsidethisweneedtorethinkourideasabouthowourlearningsystemsareorganized,

resourcedandsupported.Researchclearlyshowsthatpeopledonotlearnwellaspassive

recipients（接受者）ofpre-packaged,bite-sizedpiecesofknowledge.19

Althoughsomeoftheseprinciplesareunderstoodbymanyteachers,oureducation

systemsandpracticesareoftensetupinwaysthatdonotsupporttheseprinciplestooperate

inpractice.Teachersandschoolleadersareattemptingparadigm（范式）shifts.20

A.Thereneedstobewiderpublicsupportforthem.

B.Therearetwoimportantideasthatsupportthiswork.

C.Thisdoesnotmeanthatknowledgenolongermatters.

D.Goodlearningrequiresactiveengagementinthe"wholegame”.

E.Wearerequiredtoprepareyoungpeoplefortheknowledgeage.

F.Thisispossibleonlywhenactivelearningapproachesareapplied.

G.Intheknowledgeage,theabilitytogeneratevalueisputinthefirstplace.

試卷第6頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

二、完形填空

Ourlittledog,Dio,hadgrowntotenpoundsbeforeIcouldteachhimhowtogoupand

downthestairs.He21likeawind-uptoyonfourshortlegsandhewastop-heavy.

Anytimehetriedtowaddle（昆黃跚彳亍走）downthethreebrickstairsonourfrontporch,he

would22doingahandstandwithhistailwavinginthe23.Therefore,

therewasnowayhecould24theseventeenstepsbetweenthetwo25of

ourhouse.Itwasuptometo26himupstairsandwhenhewantedtocomedown

againhewouldstayatthetopofthestairs,barking27formyattention.

Oncehislittlelegswere28enoughtokeephisfatbellyfromscraping（副蹭）

everystair,Idecideditwastimeforhimto29togodownstairsonhisown.He

hatedeverysecondoftheprocess——30thetreatsIgavehimatthebottomofeach

step.Iwouldpat（輕拍）himfirst,thenholdhisfrontlegsand31placethemonthe

nextstepdownandthenhisbacklegs.Then,Igavehimatreat.Oncehestoppedshivering

（哆嗦），Iwould32himdowntothenextstepthesameway.Bythetimewegotto

thebottom,hewouldrunoff,33thatIhadmadehimfacehisfear.

Oneday,Inoticedhimgohalfwayupthestairs,stop,34,andthenrunback

downthestairsonhisown.Hewasdoingthisrepeatedly.Hewas35!Afterthatday,

hebecameanexpertattakingthestairs.

21.A.rolledB.walkedC.stretchedD.shook

22.A.cheerupB.standupC.showupD.endup

23.A.airB.distanceC.openD.light

24.A.avoidB.careaboutC.manageD.knockinto

25.A.roomsB.stairwaysC.wallsD.floors

26.A.carryB.hideC.feedD.lead

27.A.madlyB.willinglyC.pitifullyD.shamelessly

28.A.strongB.longC.flexibleD.heavy

29.A.seekB.pretendC.learnD.expect

30.A.insteadofB.thankstoC.dependingonD.exceptfor

31.A.gentlyB.randomlyC.quicklyD.awkwardly

32.A.driveB.followC.throwD.help

33.A.upsetB.disappointedC.regretfulD.suspicious

34.A.goforwardB.runaboutC.turnaroundD.getaway

35.A.watchingB.practicingC.thinkingD.withdrawing

三、語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AmuseumshowcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanalisexpectedtoopeninBeijing

nextweek.Some6,000itemsorsetsofexhibits36(close)relatedtoBeijingandthe

ancientcanalaretobedisplayed.

“TheGrandCanalMuseumofBeijing,alsocalledtheCapitalMuseumEastBranch,

37(locate)intheBeijingMunicipalAdministrativeCenterandhas38total

floorareaof99,700squaremeters,saidFengHao,whois39chargeofmuseum

collectionsattheCapitalMuseum.

Withadailycapacityof6,000visitors,thenewmuseumisdesigned40

(combine)boats,sailingandwaterelements,showcasingthecultureoftheGrandCanal.

Theexhibitionareaconsistsofbasic,41(theme),open,andtemporary

exhibition42(section)."Visitorscanenjoyaninteractiveexperience43

(reflect)thethemesofBeijingandtheGrandCanalintheopenexhibitionsectionthrough

44(digit)technology,9,Fengsaid.

Withahistoryofmorethan2,500years,theGrandCanalconnectsBeijingand

HangzhouinEastChina'sZhejiangProvince,45servedasasignificant

transportationrouteinancientChina.

四、書信寫作

46.假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Paul給你發(fā)郵件說(shuō)他對(duì)中國(guó)成語(yǔ)感興趣，想學(xué)習(xí)

更多的中國(guó)成語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你對(duì)中國(guó)成語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)；

2.學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)成語(yǔ)的建議。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearPaul,

試卷第8頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

Yours,

LiHua

五、書面表達(dá)

47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

EversinceIcametoworkinmypresentcompanyfiveyearsago,Ihaveheardabouta

smallrestaurantnearbycalledLoveDad.Everybodybelievesthatitisownedbysomebody's

lovingdad.Therestaurantdoesgivethedinersasenseofhome.Thefurnishingsarehomely,

withdiningareaslookinglikefamilydiningrooms.Bestofall,theyhavehand-drawncards,

whichdinerscantakeawaywiththemwhencheckingout.Therestaurantdoesn'thavea

menu.Youneverknowwhatwillbeserveduntilyoucometoitsdoorwitha“servedtoday”

noticehangingtoit.

WheneverIpassby,Ijustcan'thelpenteringtoenjoythehomelyatmosphere.Ifsa

reminderofmyownhomeandmydad,whowillprepareagreatdinnerforthefamilyevery

day.Dadisamanagerinaconstructioncompanyandagreatcookathomeandnotonlya

greatcook.Heisthekindofhero-likefatherathome,whocanfixeverythinginthehomeand

dealwithallproblems.Asmyparentsliveinanothercity,thissmallhomelyrestaurantis

whereIchoosetogotocomfortmyhomesickness.

Curiosityaboutwhosedadtheowneroftherestaurantishasalwaysbeenthereamong

myworkmateswhoareitsregularcustomersbutitseemsthatnobodyhasaclue.Itdoesn't

mattermuchasallofthemcangetatasteofhomethere.

Lastmonth,whenIwashomefortheChristmasbreak,myparentstalkedtomeabout

theirplanforretirementandImentionedtherestaurantLoveDadtothem.Weallthoughtit

wouldbegreatifMomandDadcouldjointherestaurantinsomeway.Theyaskedmeabout

theexactlocationofitanddecidedtodealwiththematterthemselves.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Oneweeklater,IgotanemailfromDad.

Oneday,IwassittinginLoveDadagain.

試卷第10頁(yè)，共10頁(yè)

參考答案:

1.D2.A3.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)咖啡產(chǎn)國(guó)的情況。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Backinthe18thcentury,Brazilstartedgrowingcoffee.（早在18

世紀(jì)，巴西就開始種植咖啡。）"；第二段"CoffeefounditswaytoVietnaminthe1800s.（咖啡

在19世紀(jì)進(jìn)入越南。）"；第三段"CoffeewasintroducedintoColombiaintheearly1700s.（咖啡

在18世紀(jì)早期被引入哥倫比亞）”以及最后一段'Indonesiahasalongcoffeehistorythatgoes

backtothe1600s,whichhasitsshareofupsanddowns.（E|l尼有著悠久的咖啡歷史，可以追溯

到17世紀(jì)，其間有起有落。廣可知，Indonesia是種植咖啡最早的。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheyalsomakeafamousCappuccino（卡布奇諾咖啡）notfound

elsewhere——famousbecauseitgetsadoseofraweggifthafstoyourliking.（他們還制作了——款

在其他地方找不到的著名的卡布奇諾——出名是因?yàn)槿绻阆矚g的話，它會(huì)加一些生雞蛋

可知，越南的特別之處在于那里生產(chǎn)一種獨(dú)特的咖啡飲料。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Braziliansarewildaboutdrinkingtheircoffeeandconsumeitall

daylong.（巴西人喜歡喝咖啡，整天都在喝。）”和第三段中“Colombianstypicallystarttheir

morningwithatinto.Ifsasmallcupofblackcoffeethafssweetenedwithsugar.（哥倫比亞人通

常以一杯tinto開始他們的早晨。它是一小杯加糖的黑咖啡。廠可知，巴西和哥倫比亞的共

同之處是都有喜歡喝咖啡的人。故選B。

4.C5.B6.A7.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者開展一個(gè)家庭掃盲計(jì)劃，邀請(qǐng)了兒童書籍創(chuàng)

作者詹姆斯?蘭瑟姆來(lái)參加，詹姆斯發(fā)表了講話，鼓勵(lì)了很多家庭。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asadoctoralstudent,Iservedasahostessforfamousauthorsand

illustratorswhentheycametoparticipateintheOhioStateUniversityChildren'sLiterature

Conference.Ihostedsuchbelovedcreatorsofchildren'sbooksasNikkiGrimes,JerryPinkney

andJamesRansome.（在讀博士期間，我為前來(lái)參加俄亥俄州立大學(xué)兒童文學(xué)大會(huì)的著名作家

和插畫家擔(dān)任主持人。我邀請(qǐng)了尼基?格萊姆斯、杰里?平克尼和詹姆斯?蘭瑟姆等受人喜愛的

兒童書籍創(chuàng)作者）”可知，當(dāng)James參加會(huì)議時(shí)，是作者接待了他，從而接觸。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理角畢題o根據(jù)第二段中"IwantedtoseewhatwouldhappenwhenIexposedtenAfrican

答案第1頁(yè)，共11頁(yè)

AmericanfamilieswithchildrentobooksbyandaboutAfricanAmericans.Iprovidedeachofthe

familieswithcopiesofsevenbooks,fiveofwhichwereillustratedbyJames.（我想看看當(dāng)我讓十

個(gè)有孩子的非裔美國(guó)家庭閱讀非裔美國(guó)人寫的和關(guān)于非裔美國(guó)人的書時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么O我給每

個(gè)家庭提供了七本書，其中五本是詹姆斯的插圖）”可知，James是一個(gè)非裔美國(guó)人。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Thefamiliesparticipatedinaseriesoffivemonthlyworkshops,and

thefinaleventwasapresentationbyJamesandanautographsessionwithhim.Ibelievedthis

eventwouldbeameaningfulwaytoendtheprogram,byhavingafamousillustratorofchildren's

literaturecomeandtalkabouthiswork,especiallybecausethefamiliesandIhadreadand

respondedtoseveralofhisbooksoverthecourseofthefiveworkshops.（這些家庭參加了一系歹！J

每月五個(gè)的研討會(huì)，最后的活動(dòng)是詹姆斯的演講和他的簽名會(huì)。我相信這次活動(dòng)將是結(jié)束這

個(gè)項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)有意義的方式，讓一位著名的兒童文學(xué)插畫家來(lái)談?wù)勊淖髌?，特別是因?yàn)槲?/p>

和我的家人在五個(gè)研討會(huì)的過(guò)程中閱讀并回應(yīng)了他的幾本書）”可知，James在家庭掃盲計(jì)劃

中，對(duì)家庭發(fā)表了講話。故選A。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"James'svisitwasinformativeandenlighteningforthefamilies.A

parent,Ashley,toldmethatshesentanotetoherson'steacherabouthavingparticipatedinthe

programandloanedherson'sautographedcopiesofJames?sbooksfortheclasstoread.Looking

backovermycareer,thisfamily-literacyprogramisoneoftheaccomplishmentsofwhichIamthe

proudest,andIamespeciallypleasedthatJameswaspartofit.（詹姆斯的訪問對(duì)這些家庭來(lái)說(shuō)是

有益的和有啟發(fā)的。一位名叫阿什利的家長(zhǎng)告訴我，她給兒子的老師發(fā)了一張便條，告訴他

自己參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，并把兒子親筆簽名的詹姆斯的書借給了全班學(xué)生閱讀?；仡櫸业穆殬I(yè)

生涯，這個(gè)家庭掃盲計(jì)劃是我最自豪的成就之一，我特別高興詹姆斯是其中的一員）”可推知，

Ashley對(duì)James的態(tài)度是“欣賞的”。故選D。

8.A9.D10.C11.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究表明群體成員傾向于反對(duì)群體外成員，文章

介紹了研究開展的具體過(guò)程。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theboyswereleftinthedarkabouttheexperiment.（孩子們對(duì)

實(shí)驗(yàn)一無(wú)所知。）”和第二段中"However,thecampers5parentsknewthattheirchildrenwere

actuallyparticipatinginaresearchstudy.（然而,營(yíng)員的父母知道他們的孩子實(shí)際上是在參與一

項(xiàng)研究。）”可知，1954年實(shí)驗(yàn)中的營(yíng)員參加了一個(gè)象征性的夏令營(yíng)。故選A。

答案第2頁(yè)，共11頁(yè)

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareoftheexistence

oftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.（過(guò)了很短的——段時(shí)間，

男孩們開始意識(shí)到另一個(gè)群體的存在，并開始說(shuō)另一個(gè)群體的壞話。）”可知，男孩對(duì)另一組

的消極態(tài)度始于意識(shí)到另一個(gè)群體的存在。故選D。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Next,Sherifandhisworkmatestriedhavingthetwogroups

workoncommongoals.Forexample,thecamp'swatersupplywascutoffpurposelybythe

researchers,andtheEaglesandtheRattlersworkedtogethertofixtheproblem.（接下來(lái)，謝里夫

和他的同事們?cè)囍寖蓚€(gè)小組為共同的目標(biāo)而努力。例如，研究人員故意切斷了營(yíng)地的供水，

老鷹隊(duì)和響尾蛇隊(duì)共同努力解決了這個(gè)問題。）“可知，營(yíng)地的供水被切斷了是為了讓兩組人

為了一個(gè)共同的目標(biāo)而工作。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Afterashortperiodoftime,theboysbecameawareofthe

existenceoftheothergroupandbegantospeaknegativelyabouttheothergroup.Thenthe

researchersarrangedacompetitivetournamentbetweenthegroups,consistingofgamessuchas

baseballandtug-of-warandtherelationshipbetweenthetwogroupsquicklybecametense.The

campersratedtheirowngroupmorepositivelythantherival（對(duì)立）group.（過(guò)了很短的一段時(shí)間，

男孩們開始意識(shí)到另一個(gè)群體的存在，并開始說(shuō)另一個(gè)群體的壞話。然后，研究人員在兩組

之間安排了一場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性比賽，包括棒球和拔河等游戲，兩組之間的關(guān)系很快變得緊張起來(lái)。

營(yíng)員們對(duì)自己那一組的評(píng)價(jià)比對(duì)手那一組更積極。廠可知，在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，兩個(gè)組的孩

子們?cè)诘弥獙?duì)方存在的時(shí)候，就開始表現(xiàn)出敵意，后面的研究項(xiàng)目是看在什么情況下敵意會(huì)

加劇，什么情況下敵意會(huì)被消除。故可推知，Sherif的實(shí)驗(yàn)可以得出結(jié)論：群體成員傾向于

反對(duì)群體外成員。故選D。

12.D13.B14.A15.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了海濱城市的照明對(duì)珊瑚的影響。這些照明產(chǎn)生的光

會(huì)使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚產(chǎn)卵早，從而對(duì)其產(chǎn)生不利影響。

12.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“ForthehistoryoflifeonEarth,organismshavereliedonthe

lightofthesun,moon,andstarstofindtheirwayandscheduletheirlives.Whilethebeginningof

electriclightinginthelate19thcenturymayhavebenefitedhumans,ithascausedproblemsinthe

naturalworld.Amongtheimpactsofartificiallightatnight（ALAN）,lightpollutionlures

migratingbirdstocitieswithshockingconsequences,contributestothealarmingdeclineininsect

答案第3頁(yè)，共11頁(yè)

populations,andconvincesseaturtlebabiestoamble（緩行）awayfromthewaterinsteadof

towardsit.（在地球上生命的歷史中，生物一直依靠太陽(yáng)、月亮和星星的光來(lái)找到自己的路，

安排自己的生活。雖然19世紀(jì)末開始的電燈可能給人類帶來(lái)了好處，但它也給自然界帶來(lái)

了問題。在夜間人造光（ALAN）的影響中，光污染將候鳥吸引到城市，帶來(lái)令人震驚的后果，

導(dǎo)致昆蟲數(shù)量驚人的下降，并使海龜寶寶遠(yuǎn)離水而不是靠近水。）”可知，文章第一段介紹了

始于19世末的人造光源對(duì)自然產(chǎn)生的不好的影響，結(jié)合第二段“Now,anewstudyfhamthe

UniversityofPlymouthaddsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthe

creatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊

瑚）intoreproducingoutsideoftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce4現(xiàn)在，普

利茅斯大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究增加了另一個(gè)令人失望的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即ALAN如何影響與我們共享地

球的生物：沿海城市的光污染會(huì)誘使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳時(shí)間之外繁殖。）”講述文章主題

是闡述人造光對(duì)于珊瑚的危害可推斷，第一段的目的是提出提供了背景信息。故選D。

13.詞句猜測(cè)題。分析句子可知，后面的定語(yǔ)從句"whentheywouldnormallyreproduce（當(dāng)它

們正常繁殖的時(shí)候）”修飾theoptimumtime可知“theoptimumtimes”指的是“珊瑚正常的繁殖

時(shí)間“，所以畫線詞與appropriate”合適的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?。故選B。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Thecompletelossofcoralsisanticipatedoverthenext

100years.（預(yù)計(jì)珊瑚將在未來(lái)100年內(nèi)完全消失。廣可知，研究人員最大的擔(dān)心是珊瑚的滅

絕。故選A。

15.主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是第二段“Now,anewstudyfi-omtheUniversityofPlymouth

addsanotherdisappointingfindingabouthowALANisaffectingthecreatureswithwhomwe

sharetheplanet:Lightpollutionfromcoastalcitiescantrickcorals（珊瑚）intoreproducingoutside

oftheoptimumtimeswhentheywouldnormallyreproduce4現(xiàn)在，普利茅斯大學(xué)的一■項(xiàng)新研究

增加了另一個(gè)令人失望的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即