Unit-6-Education-System-in-the-UK-英國的教育制度

Unit6EducationSystemintheU.K.TopicsForDiscussion

Whatdoyouthinkthatmattersthemostatschool?Doyouagreewiththeideathat“Moststudentsaresociallyretarded”?Whatdoyoulikethemostaboutschool?Whatdoyoudislikethemostaboutschool?Whatchangesdoyouwanttoseeaboutschool?Makeabriefsum-upofyourschoollife.Lead-inTheComparisonintheEducationBetweenUKandChinaBeijingUniversityEtonCollegeLead-inTheBritishschoolsystemisconsideredoneofthebestintheworld.ManyothercountriesmodeltheirschoolsafterBritishschools.Morethan99percentofallBritishcitizensknowhowtoreadandwrite.MostBritishstudentswearuniforms.Introduction(I)Britishlawrequiresthatallchildrenattendschoolbetweentheagesof5or4(inNorthernIreland)and16.SchoolTypes:

Stateschools(officialname:countyschool)

(Stateschoolsintherealsense,completelyorpartiallyfundedbythegovernment.90%+)

Independentschools=privateschool=publicschool

(“Publicschools”—Privateschools,manyofthemareboardingschools.8%-)E.g.CompulsoryEducationIntroduction(II)TheBritisheducationsystemisrunbythestate,whichprovidesfunding,overseesstandard,andtriedtomakesureallBritishchildrenreceiveaqualityeducation.-----theMinistryofEducation.Introduction(II)LegalRequirementsParentsorlegalguardiansofchildrenarerequiredtoensurechildrenreceiveanfulleducationbetweentheagesoffivetosixteen.Whilethisnormallytakesplaceataschool,itcanbedoneathomebytheparentsthemselvesiftheycanprovetoinspectorsthattheirchildrenarereachingseteducationaltargetsandarenotdisadvantagedbynotattendingschool.Forchildrenlivinginremoteareas,homeeducationmaybetheonlyoption.Someparents,however,decidetoeducatetheirchildrenoutsideschoolforavarietyofreasons,bothsocialandpersonal.Introduction(III)TheRelationshipbetweenEducationandSocialClass(I)Britainisasocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant.Classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationalpolicy.InBritain,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.Theschooltieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass.

Introduction(IV)InBritain,whereyouareeducatedisstillveryimportanttoyourfuture.“Theoldboysnetwork”〔老男孩關(guān)系網(wǎng)〕referstotheelitegroupsofmenwhowenttopublicschoolslikeEtonandWinchester;anduniversitieslikeOxfordandCambridge(Oxbridge).Theydominategovernment,andareinfluentialinbanking,themedia,theartsandeducation.TheRelationshipbetweenEducationandSocialClass(II)Introduction(IV)ThePurposesoftheBritishEducationSystem“ThethreeR’s”

—reading,writingandarithmetic”toprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsociety.tosocializechildren,teachingthemrulesandvaluesneededtobecomegoodcitizens.toparticipateinthecommunity.tocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.Introduction(V)Todevelopstudents’creativityandimaginationTohavebettercommunicationskillstogettingalongwithdifferentpeopleTohavevariousknowledgeaboutlifeandnaturewhichisoutoftextbooksTobenotsogoodatcontrollingknowledge——especiallytheaccountingabilityaboutfigures

MyCommentonThesePurposesIntroduction(VI)ChartofBritishEducationFormEducationFormNurserySchool,orKindergartenPrimarySchoolSecondarySchoolSixFormCollegeInfantSchoolJuniorSchoolChineseVersion幼兒園學(xué)前班，小學(xué)一、二年級小學(xué)高年級初中三年，高中一年級高中二、三年級AGE1-4or54or5-77-1111-1414-1616-18ExamsKeyStage1KeyStage2/11plusKeyStage3KeyStage4:GCSE；NVQA-Levels；GNVQOtherInformationState,religious,private,orplaygroup(statesonesfreefor3hsaday,5days.whilepayforextendendcourses8a.m.to6p.m.eveninstateones￡1200-￡1500.6hs,5days.9a.m.-3p.m.25ms-30msoneperiod20ms-25msbreaktime.1or2timesofhomework,donein10ms.SchoolAgePrimarySchoolKeyStage1KeyStage2Nurseryschool,orkindergarten1-4or5Infantschool4or5-77-11JuniorschoolA-Levels(>=3)GNVQ:GeneralNationalVocationalQualification(國家專業(yè)資格證書〕WorkGrammarSchool(rareexceptNorthernIreland11plus11-14SecondarySchoolKeyStage3GCSE:GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation（中學(xué)畢業(yè)證書）5-12,8,5(A*－C)goforA-LevelsNVQ:NationalVocationalQualification14-1616-18SixthFormColleges（只收六年級學(xué)生的）高等中學(xué)，相當(dāng)于中國的高中，學(xué)習(xí)兩年KeepinMindNurserySchool,orKindergartenDaycareState,religious,private,orplaygroup5ys-11:PrimaryschoolAprimaryschoolmaybedividedintotwoparts-infants&juniors.Mostboysandgirlsaretaughttogether,calledco-educatedormixedschools.InfantSchoolsAtinfants

schoolsreading,writing&arithmeticaretaughtforabout20minutesadayduringthefirstyear,graduallyincreasingtoabout2hoursintheirlastyearThereisusuallynowrittentimetable.Muchtimeisspentinmodelingfromclayordrawing,readingandsinging.

Differences

InfantschoolJuniorschoolstudents

Co-educationSingle-sexlessonssimpleAdvancedstationarypencilpenscriptSeparatelettersJoinedscriptsSecondarySchool

TheNationalCurriculumTheNationalCurriculuminEnglandandWaleshasEnglish,MathsandaSciencesubjectasthecore.Thefoundationsubjectsarehistory,geography,music,art,designandtechnology,physicaleducationandaforeignlanguage(usuallyFrench)for11-16yearolds.Thesemustallbeincluded.TheSecondarySchools

Comprehensiveschools----fundedbylocalandcentralgovernments.About90%ofsecondaryschoolsarecomprehensiveschools.Privateschools=

independentschools=publicschools

-----fundedbyprivatesectors,throughtuitionratesandsomegovernmentassistance.Independentschoolsarenotpartofthenationaleducationsystem.ThequalityofinstructionandstandardareobtainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajesty’sInspectorofSchoolsgrammarschools----(11---)childrenhavetotakepartinthe11+(11plus)examinationtobeenrolledinagrammarschool.GrammarschoolsarebecomingrareinGreatBritainexceptinNorthernIreland.

ComprehensiveSchoolsinthe1960s,comprehensiveschools(generaleducationprovidingsubjectsrangingfromacademicsuchasliteratureandsciencetomorepracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry)wereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschoolsandvocationalschools.Entranceexamswere

abolishedandschoolswerenolongerallowedtoletchildrencompeteforplaces.Theyarestatesecondaryschoolswhichtakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationinGBattendcomprehensiveschool.

KeepinMindTheSecondarySchools

DifferentAvenuesat16:Quitschool-findjobsGotoacollegeoffurthereducationtostudyformorepracticaldiplomas.3.Continuestudies:a.inthesixthform(六年級)atschoolb.atasixthformcollegeAim:Preparepupilsforanationalexamcalled“Alevel”at18.TheSecondarySchools

Examinationsafterthesecondaryeducationa.GCSEExaminations(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(中學(xué)畢業(yè)生證書)----after5yearsofsecondaryeducation,English,NorthernIrishandWelshstudentssittheexamswhichistoassesstheirprogressintheirfinal2yearsofcompulsoryeducation.Then,theywilldecidewhatavenueofeducationtheywouldliketofollowbasedontheresultsoftheexaminations.Theyhaveanumberofchoices-----furthertheireducationforanother2years,orquitschooltofindajob.TheSecondarySchools

◆2–year-furtherstudyaftertheGCSE

(inthe6thform)thensitfortheGCSE-Advanced)examination.b.GNVQ----(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications)TosittheGNVQforvocationaltrainingorpreparationforwork.TheSecondarySchools

TheMarkingofGCSEGradeA*AgoodresultofexceptionalqualityGradeB/CThehighergradesneededforfurtherandhighereducationGradeD/ERegardedasaveragegrades-agoodbasefromwhichtogrowGradeF/GThelower,butstilluseful,gradesofachievementUngradedUnfortunately,noscoreTheSecondarySchools

PrivateEducationThemajorityofindependentsecondaryschools,includingpublicschools,aresingle-sex,althoughinrecentyearsgirlshavebeenallowedtojointhesixthformsofboys‘schools.Independentschoolsalsoincludereligiousschools(Jewish,Catholic,Muslimetc.)andschoolsforethnicminorities(少數(shù)民族〕.PrivateEducationPrivateEducationSomeindependentschoolsarecalledprepschoolsbecausetheypreparethechildrenfortheCommonEntranceExamwhichtheytakeattheageof13.Thisexamisforentryintothebestschools.

PrivateEducationThemostfamousschoolsarecalled‘publicschools’andtheyhavealonghistoryandtradition.Itisoftennecessarytoputyourchild'snameonawaitinglistatbirthtobesureheorshegetsaplace.Childrenofwealthyoraristocraticfamiliesoftengotothesamepublicschoolastheirparentsandtheirgrandparents.

Etonisthebestknownoftheseschools.PrivateEducationPrivateschools=independentschools=publicschoolsNotforprofit.Earningsforenhancement2,400

independentschoolsandthenumberisgrowingParentspayfeesvary:nurseryorkindergarten:￡2100-

￡

3600annuallyPrimarydayschools:￡

4200-￡

7500(tuitionortogetherwithlunch)Primaryboardingschools:￡

8100-￡

15000

(food,lodgingandtuition)Secondarydayschools:￡

6000-￡

12000Secondaryboardingschools:￡

15000-￡

30000Withadditional10%forenrollment,fieldtrip,musicalinstructionandsoon.PublicSchoolsFee-payingsecondaryschoolswhicharelongestablishedandhavegainedareputationfortheirhighacademicstandards,aswellastheirexclusivenessandsnobbery.Theboys’publicschoolsincludesuchwell-knownschoolsasEtonandHarrow,andgirls’famousschoolsincludeRoedean.MostofthemembersoftheBritishEstablishmentwereeducatedatapublicschool.KeepinMindTheyreceivetheirfundingthroughtheprivatesectorandthroughtuitionrates,withsomegovernmentassistance.Theyarenotpartofthenationeducationsystem,butthequalityofinstructionandstandardsaremaintainedthroughvisitsfromHerMajesty’sInspectorsofSchools〔皇家督學(xué)〕.Parentschoosetopayfeesinordertosendtheirchildrenhaveabetterchanceofgettingintogooduniversitiesandgettingbetterjobswhentheyleaveschool.PublicSchoolsPreparatorySchoolEtonBoy:8;Girl:11HarrowCommonEntranceExam(age:13)WinchesterPublicSchoolPublicSchoolsKeepinMind1、WycombeAbbeySchool

2、WestminsterSchool

3、SaintPaul’sSchool

4、EtonCollege

5、

WinchesterCollege

6、CheltenhamLadies’College(The)

7、SaintMary’sSchoolAscot

8、BadmintonSchool

9

ConcordCollege10、SaintMary’sCalne11、SaintCatherine’sSchool12、TonbridgeSchool13、HarrowSchool14、HeadingtonSchool15、AbingdonSchool16、Charterhouse17、DowneHouseSchool18、RugbySchool19、BrightonCollege20、BenendenSchoolTopTenPublicSchoolPublicSchoolsEtonFee-paying,knownaspublicschools7%ofschoolchildrenattendingGoodteachingstaff–educated19PrimeMinisters,6ChancellorsofExchequers,Shelley,Orwell,foundedin1440byHENRYVItoeducatesonsofthepoorforserviceofchurch&state.PublicSchools(Eton)AlmostallofthepupilsgoontostudyAlevels,90%willgoontouniversity,aquartertoOxfordandCambridge.Thepupil/teacherratiois9.5toone,comparedwith20tooneinstatesecondaryschools.Somepeopleargueagainstpublicschools:Publicschoolsareundemocratic,oftensnobbish,superiorandexclusive.

EtonHarrowPublicSchoolsEton:Britain’sbiggestboardingschoolofitssocialelitesince1440.“ThebattleofWaterloowaswonontheplayingfieldsofEton.”

--DukeofWellington

PublicSchoolsStudentsfromEtonPublicSchoolsWhatareA-levelsexams?GeneralCertificateofEducation-Advanced高級水平測試結(jié)業(yè)證書Pupilswhohopetoattenduniversitycarryontheiracademicstudyinthesixthformforafurthertwoyears.Mostpupilstrytoachieve3or4A-levelsinthesubjectstheyaremostproficientat.SinceadmittancetouniversitydependslargelyonA-levelresults,thetwoyearsspentintheSixthFormareveryimportantandoftenverystressfulforBritishpupils.

HigherEducation

HigherEducationhasalonghistoryintheUK.OxfordandCambridgedatefromthe12thand13thcenturies,whileScottishuniversitiesofStAndrews,Glasgow,EdinburghandAberdeenfromthe14thand15thcenturies.Therestwerefoundedinthe19thand20thcenturies.Infact,thereisn’treallya“university”ateitherOxfordorCambridge,onlyacollectionofindependent,moreorlessself-governingcolleges.CollegesystemTutorialsystem◆1.Britishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.◆2.TheUKhasonly

oneprivately-fundeduniversity-----theUniversityofBuckingham.◆3.Therearesome90universities,includingtheOpenUniversityintheUK.In1980,1in8pupilswenttouniversities;by1990itwas1in5;by2000itwas1in3.HigherEducation

HigherEducation4.Acceptstudentswith“A”levelsfrom18.5.3yearsormore,full-time6.Mostgraduateat21or227.GivendegreeataspecialgraduationceremonyHowlongtotake?

Allbachelordegreecoursestakethreetofouryearswhilethemedicalandarchitecturecoursestakefiveyears.Applicationsformedical,dental,andlawsubjectsarethemosthighlycompetitive.Thestructureofadegreecourseenablesoverseastudentstospendlessthanfiveyearstofinishapreparatorycourse,theEnglishenhancementclasses,andadegreecourse.HigherEducaitonDegreesThereisathree-levelhierarchyofdegrees(Bachelor,Master,Doctor)currentlyusedintheUnitedKingdom.undergraduatestudent:BA(bachelorofarts)BSc(bachelorofscience)HigherEducation--Degreesdoctoralstudent:Ph.D(DoctorofPhilosophy)graduatestudent:MA(masterofarts)MSc(masterofscience)HigherEducaitonHigherandFurtherEducation--OpenUniversitiesItisopentoeverybodyanddoesdemandformalqualifications.Lecturesarebroadcastontelevisionandradio,andstudentscorrespondwiththeirtutorsbypost.Attheend,successfulstudentsareawardedauniversitydegree.OpenAdmissions(免費入學(xué)制〕Youmustbe16oroverwhenthecoursestarts.Ifyou'restudyingfull-timeatanotherinstitution,youmustgetwrittenpermissionfromitsprincipal.Thereisnoupperagelimit.

EducationphilosophyofOU

TheOU'sstyleofteachingiscalled'supportedopenlearning',alsoknownas'distancelearning'.Opentopeople—allkindsofpeopleOpentoplaces--withoutwalls,whereverOpentomethods—learnindifferentwaysOpentoideas—new，open，creativeKeepinMindWhatdistinguishestheOpenUniversityfromallotherBritishUniversities?TheOpenUniversityisnon-residentialuniversitywhichis“open”toalltobecomestudents.ItoffersdegreeandothercoursesforadultstudentsofallagesinBritainandothermembercountriesoftheEU.Itwasfoundedin1969andbeganitsfirstcoursesin1970.Itwasacombinationofspeciallyproducedprintedtexts,correspondencetuition,televisionandradiobroadcastsandaudio/videocassettes.Forsomecourses,thereareresidentialschools.Thereisanetworkofstudycentersforcontactwithpart-timetutorsandcounselors,andwithfellowstudents.SchoolYearTheacademicyearinUKhasthreeterms.Eachtermwillrunforseventofourteenweeks.SeptothemiddleofDec;ChristmasHoliday;

JantoaboutthelasttendaysofMarch;EasterHoliday;

ApriltoJunesummervocation(JulytoSep)AdditionalThePunishmentsinBritishSchoolsLines〔重復(fù)寫保證書〕:InEngland,whenateachergivesyou'lines',youwriteoutthesamesentenceagainandagain,perhapsfiftyorahundredtimes.Forexample,'Imustdomyhomework,'or'Imustnotbelate.'Detention〔留校受罰〕:Ifyouare'indetention',youstayafterschooltodoextrawork—possiblylines—forhalfanhourorso.Report〔教師監(jiān)控評語〕:Ifyouare'onreport',youhaveacardwhichyougivetotheteacherattheendofeverylesson.Eachteacherreportsifyouhavebehavedwellorbadly.Exclusion〔校外待定〕:Ifyouareexcluded,youcannotcometoschoolforafewdaysorweeks.Yourparentsseetheheadteacher.Thisisserious.Expulsion〔開除〕:Ifyouareexpelled,youaresentawayfromyourschool.Thisisveryserious.Youhavetogotoanotherschoolwheretheteachersallknowaboutyourbadrecord.AdditionalAbout90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend_____.A.independentschoolsB.juniorschoolsC.dependentschoolsD.primaryschoolsKey:DAdditional13.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversityintheUK.A.900B.290C.90D.50Key:CAdditional14.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.A.receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.receivepartlyfreeeducationC.receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichD.receivenofreeeducationatallKey:AAdditionalSayingGood-byetoCambridgeAgain

--byXuZhimo

VeryquietlyItakemyleave

AsquietlyasIcamehere;

QuietlyIwavegood-bye

Totherosycloudsinthewesternsky.

Thegoldenwillowsbytheriverside

Areyoungbridesinthesettingsun;

Theirreflectionsontheshimmeringwaves

Alwayslingerinthedepthofmyheart.

Thefloatingheartgrowinginthesludge

Swaysleisurelyunderthewater;

AdditionalInthegentlewavesofCambridge

Iwouldbeawaterplant!

Thatpoolundertheshadeofelmtrees

Holdsnotwaterbuttherainbowfromthesky;

Shatteredtopiecesamongtheduckweeds

Isthesedimentofarainbow-likedream?

Toseekadream?Justtopoleaboatupstream

Towherethegreengrassismoreverdant;

Ortohavetheboatfullyloadedwithstarlight

Andsingaloudinthesplendorofstarlight.

AdditionalButIcannotsingaloud

Quietnessismyfarewellmusic;

Evensummerinsectsheapsilenceforme

SilentisCambridgetonight!

VeryquietlyItakemyleave

AsquietlyasIcamehere;

GentlyIflickmysleeves

NotevenawispofcloudwillIbringaway

AdditionalTextBSCHOOLSINTHEU.KTherearetwotypesofschoolinEnglandstate-runschoolarepaidforbythegovernmentIndependentschoolsTheschooldayusuallystartsatin9inthemorningandfinishesaround4,soveryrelax.Inmanyschoolsyouhavetowearauniform.At16insecondaryschool,studentstakenationalexaminationscalledGCSE’s

(GeneralCertificateSecondaryEducation)GCSE:GeneralCertificateSecondaryEducation,namelytheordinaryjuniorhighschooldiploma.DiplomaisequivalenttoChina'sdomesticjuniorhighschoolgraduationexam,butinfact,GCSEisaBritishhighschoolgrade4andgrade5courses,anddegreerequirementsarehigherthandomesticjuniormiddleschoolgraduates,intheoryshouldbedomesticseniorstudentstoapplyformoreappropriate.AftertwoyearGCSEstudy,studentscanenterthestageofALEVELofstudy.StudentsGCSEresultswillbeasAreferenceLEVELevenadmittedtouniversityAlevel’s

Britishhighschoolcourses(generalcertificateofeducationadvancedlevel)referredtoas"a-levelcourses,itisthegeneralsecondaryeducationcertificateexaminationofseniorlevelcourses,is