定語(yǔ)從句完整版本

Grammar從句名詞性從句形容詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句副詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句間隔式定語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)句子中用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，因此也被稱為形容詞性從句。先行詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)詞即可以是人也可以是物定語(yǔ)從句就跟在先行詞之后關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,whyThebookthatIamreadingisJaneEyre.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）表語(yǔ)先行詞定語(yǔ)從句HerearetwophotosthatItookonAugust7th,2009.ThesearephotosofLosAngeles.LosAngelesisaplacethatisfamousforHollywood.Everyyear,actorsandactresseswhowishtobecomefamouswillgotoHollywoodforgreatchances關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。修飾人物的定語(yǔ)從句可以用來(lái)修飾人物的關(guān)系代詞有that(在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，who(在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，whom(在從句中作賓語(yǔ))，whose(在從句中作定語(yǔ)).1.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。Ithankthewoman.Thewomanhelpsmealot.Ithankthewomanwho/thathelpsmealot.在從句中作主語(yǔ)2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，可以被省略。ThemanwasMr.Jones.Isawhim.Theman(who/whom/that)IsawwasMr.Jones.Sheisthewoman.Itoldyouabouther.Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.一.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句二.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分Sheisthewoman

aboutwhomItoldyou.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面，關(guān)系代詞不可省略Sheisthewoman(who/whom/that)Itoldyouabout.Heisaman_______doesn'tcareaboutanything.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseThatman_______youmetyesterdayismyfather.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.whenThepoliceman_________________Ispoketoismybrother.Thepoliceman___________________IspokeismybrotherABwho/whom/thattowhom修飾事物的定語(yǔ)從句可以用來(lái)修飾事物的關(guān)系代詞有which(在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，that(在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))。1.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。Thebookismine.Itisonthetable.Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.Thisisoneofthebooksthatbelongtome.Thisistheonlyone

ofthebooksthatbelongstome.2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，可以被省略。Themoviewasn'tverygood.Wesawitlastnight.Themovie(which/that)wesawlastnightwasn'tverygood.Themusicwasgood.Welistenedtoitlastnight.Themusic(which/that)welistenedtolastnightwasgood.Themusictowhichwelistenedlastnightwasgood.只能用that，不能用which的情況there+be的句型中，句子的主語(yǔ)是先行詞，而且是物。

Therearemorethansevennovels

thatIwasaskedtoread.以Hereis（are）開(kāi)頭的句子。

Hereis

afilm

thatwillmoveanyone.Itistime+定語(yǔ)從句Itistimethatweshouldstartout當(dāng)先行詞是way，表示方式方法的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞可以用that或者inwhich.Thisistheway

that/inwhichmyfatherdoeshiswork.當(dāng)先行詞被thelast,thevery或theonly修飾時(shí)。Thisistheonly

chance

thathecanusetopretecthimself.先行詞有序數(shù)詞時(shí)。Thisishisfirst

novel

thatattractsmanyreaders.當(dāng)先行詞被all,little,few,much,every,no,some,any,just等修飾時(shí)。Thereislittle

waterthatisleftforworkers.當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)Thisisthebest

book

thatIhaveeverread.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)Iknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout.當(dāng)先行詞為anything,everything,nothing時(shí)Ihavenothing

thatisworthreading.關(guān)系詞例詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中可作的成分省略情況關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省whom人賓語(yǔ)可省略which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省as人、物、事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)不省略whose人或物定語(yǔ)不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不省略where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)不省略why原因名詞原因狀語(yǔ)不省略定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的用法及分類Theman______________youmetjustnowismybrother.Theman______________iswalkingontheplaygroundismyfriend.Isthereanything_______youdon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?Alltheapples_______havegonebadshoulebeputaway.Thisistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.who/whom/thatwho/thatthatthatthatThechild_________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.whose的用法關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句既可以修飾人物也可以修飾事物。whose本身在從句中作定語(yǔ)。Thechild

whose

parentsaredead

iscalledTom.ThechildiscalledTom.Thechild'sparentsaredead.從屬關(guān)系Iamstudyinginauniversity.Itsstudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iknowtheman.Hisbicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.whose有時(shí)可用“ofwhich/whom+限定詞+名詞”或“限定詞+名詞+ofwhich/whom”替代。Iknowthemanwhosebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanofwhomthebicyclewasstolen.Iknowthemanthebicycleofwhomwasstolen.Iamstudyinginauniversitywhosestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversityofwhichthestudentscomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamstudyinginauniversitythestudentsofwhichcomefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientistofwhomtheachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthescientisttheachievementsofwhomarewellknown.Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.Thisisthehousethewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.Theeggs___________Iboughtwerenotfresh.(that/which)Thefriend________cametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.who/thatThenoodles______________youcookedweredelicious.(which/that)Thehouse________windowisbrokenismine.whose修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句里缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，原因狀語(yǔ)，就可以選用分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的關(guān)系副詞when,where,why;如果定語(yǔ)從句缺少的是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就不能選擇關(guān)系副詞，而應(yīng)該選擇關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等。Iwillrememberthetime

whenIstayedinthecountryside.先行詞引導(dǎo)詞從句：Istayedinthecountrysidestay是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此句子不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，考慮使用關(guān)系副詞先行詞：thetime，因此用表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillrememberthetime

that/whichIspentinthecountryside.作賓語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgettheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.Iwillneverforgettheday____________IspentinHongkong.when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常為time,day,date,morning,night,week,year等表示時(shí)間的名詞。whenwhich/thatIwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.先行詞thedays具體到了時(shí)間的某一天，這種情況前面往往可以使用介詞on。(ontheday)Iwillneverforgetthedaysonwhichwestudiedtogether.Theyearwhentheearthquakehappenedwas1976.先行詞theyear是一個(gè)大的時(shí)間，這種情況前面往往可以使用介詞in。(intheyear)Theyearinwhichtheearthquakehappenedwas1976.when=inwhich/onwhichThisisthehouse

whereIwasborn.Thisisthehouse

which/thatwevisitedlastweek.Iwasborn.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，考慮使用關(guān)系副詞。作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)visit及物動(dòng)詞缺賓語(yǔ)Thisistheplace_________heworks.Thisistheplace_____________wepaidavisitto(which/that)wherewhere指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常為place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。where=inwhichThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.Thisistheplaceinwhichheworks.Doyouknowthereason

whyhewaslate?Doyoubelieveinthereason

which/thathegivesus?hewaslate作原因狀語(yǔ)Thereason___________hegaveyesterdayisn’tgood.(that/which)Thereason_________hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.whywhy指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。why=forwhichDoyouknowthereasonforwhichhewaslate?Thereasonforwhichhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisn’tgood.關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞定語(yǔ)從句用法巧記歌訣：主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句僅靠先行詞，系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。定人用who或whom，定物which當(dāng)先用。關(guān)系代詞有that，定人定物有本領(lǐng)。定時(shí)間要用when，定地點(diǎn)where行。關(guān)系代（副）詞作成分，唯作賓語(yǔ)可以省。Thisisthehero(who/whom/that)weareproudof.Thisisthehero

ofwhomweareproud.(who/whom/that)weareproudof.ofwhomweareproud“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句Thisisthehero______________

weareproudofwhom/who/that做of的賓語(yǔ)Thisisthehero（主句）_____weareproudofwhomThisisthehero___________

weareproudofofwhom這就叫介詞提前的關(guān)系代詞，prep+關(guān)系代詞請(qǐng)還原whom在從句中的位置介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×可見(jiàn),who、that不能用與介詞之后Arethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí)，不能用that，也不能省略，指物時(shí)用which，指人時(shí)用whom，介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，有時(shí)根據(jù)句子意義的表達(dá)，或介詞與先行詞的搭配。該介詞通常可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。如何確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞：將定語(yǔ)從句還原：構(gòu)成兩個(gè)搭配，即