2024年北京市西城區(qū)2024屆高三一模英語試卷及答案

2024北京西城高三一模

英語

第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上

將該項涂黑。

WhenSusanwasahighschoolsenior,herEnglishteacherMr.DiMeogavetheclassachallengingtask:Recite

apoeminfrontofthewholeclass.

HIhadamildstutter（結(jié)巴）.I'dbe]togetawordoutthatmightbeginwith'D'orTH*,orImightsay'the'

threetimes,"Susansaid.Thethoughtofgettingupinfrontofherclassmatesandstutteringthroughthepoemwas

toomuchto2.

Susanwenthomeand3howscaredshewastohermom,whoagreedtowriteanoteaskingforhertobe4

fromdoingthetaskinfrontofthewholeclass.

Whenthedayoftherecitationcame,Susanrecitedthepoemone-on-onetoMr.DiMeo.5shewasdone,Mr.

DiMeosaidsomethingshe'dneverheardbefore:thathelikedlisteningtohervoice.Forthefirsttime,sheconsidered

thepossibilitythatpublicspeakingdidn'thavetobeasourceof6.

Susanwentontograduatefromhighschoolandgotocollege.ShenevergottoproperlythankMr.DiMeo.But

sometimeaftercollege,she7ajobasacorporatetrainer.Thenewpositionmadeherrealizehowbiga（n）_8

hehadhadonherconfidence.

HIstandupinfrontofpeopleandspeak,andIdoitallthetime.IfIdostutteronceinawhile,nobigdeal,"she

said.Susanrecentlyfoundawayto9herformerteacher,andplansonsendinghimaletterexpressingher

appreciation.

Inhermind,Mr.DiMeoisanunsunghero,becausehe'sabigreasonwhyshehasasuccessfulcareerandlife.

nIdon'tknowwhereIwould'vegoneifIfeltlikeIhadtokeepmyvoice10becauseIwasafraidofembarrassing

myself.I*dliketothankhimforthatkindness."

1.A.continuingB.strugglingC.pretendingD.hoping

2.A.shareB.expressC.findD.bear

3.A.taughtB.provedC.revealedD.promised

4.A.excusedB.prohibitedC.correctedD.discouraged

5.A.WhileB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Once

6.A.jealousyB.worryC.boredomD.loneliness

7.A.wantedB.offeredC.landedD.created

8.A.impactB.ideaC.choiceD.stress

9.A.judgeB.contactC.studyD.interview

10.A.sweetB.loudC.quietD.deep

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

IllneverforgetmyfirstvisittoChina.Mumencouragedmetotrydifferentkindsoffood,andIdid!Iloved

everything.ButjustwhenIthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu.Ahorriblegrey

thingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe."Youneedn'ttryit11youdon*twantto,"Mumsaid.ButI

12(gather)allmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn'tsobad.Itremindedmeofbluecheese,

asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeoffoodyoueitherloveorhate.MaybeI13(fall)inlovewithstinkytofu-

someday.

B

The5-SecondRulesuggestsfoodisOKtoeatifyoupickitup14fivesecondsorless.Believeitornot,

scientistshavetestedtherule.We*resorrytoreportit'snotnecessarilytrue.Bacteriacanattach15(it)toyour

foodinstantly,regardlessofhowquicklyit16(pick)up.Foodleftthereforfivesecondsorlesswillprobably

collectlessbacteriathanfoodsittingthereforalongertime,butfastmaynotbefastenough.Floors,evenclean-

lookingones,harborbacteria.Ultimately,ifindoubt,abandonthefood17(avoid)potentialillness.

C

Yourhometowncouldaffectyournavigational(導(dǎo)航的)skills.Newresearchindicatesthatindividuals_18

(raise)incitieswithstructuredstreetpatternsmayencounterdifficultiesinnavigationcomparedtothosefrom

ruralareaswithmoreorganiclayouts.Thisconclusionwasdrawnfromastudy19(involve)playersofamobile

gameaboutsea,20tests3-Dnavigationskills.However,there*shopeforcityresidents:anurbanversionofthe

gameshowedslightimprovementsforthem.

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

DiscoveryPass

WithaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass,youcan

?getunlimitedbookedtraveltomorethan365destinationsontheNSWTrainLinkRegionaltrainandcoach

network

?chooseapassthatsuitsyourtravelplans:14days,onemonth,threemonthsorsixmonths

?chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyourstyle:EconomyorFirstClass(Premium).

PleasenotethatyoucannotbookachildticketonlinewithaDiscoveryPass.Youwillinsteadneedtocall1322

32orvisitasalesagent.

Beforepurchasingapass,pleasereadtherelevanttermsandrules.ANSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassisnon-

refundableanditcannotbeassignedtoanotherperson.

Prices

Passtype14days1month3months6months

AdultEconomy$232$275$298$420

AdultPremium$300$350$400$550

ChildEconomy$121$143$154$220

ChildPremium$154$176$220$275

Howtopurchaseapassandbooktrips

Step1:PurchaseaDiscoveryPass

Chooseatimelimitandclassoftravelthatsuitsyourneeds.

Step2:Bookyourtrips

AfteryoupurchaseaDiscoveryPass,youhaveuptoonemonthtobookyourfirsttrip.Thetimelimitonyour

passwillstartfromthedeparturedateofyourfirstbookedtrip.Alltripsmustbebookedandtakenbeforetheexpiry

（至U期）dateindicatedonthepass.Youmustbookeachtripbeforeyoutravel.

Findoutmoreaboutwaystobookyourticket?Visitourwebsite:

https://tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket

21.YoucanuseaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassto.

A.bookachildticketonlineB.chooseaclassoftravelthatsuitsyou

C.chooseaweekly,monthlyoryearlypassD.getbookedtraveltounlimiteddestinations

22.Ifamotherwithachildwantstobuyaone-monthNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPassforEconomyClass,she

shouldpay

A.$353B.$418C.$693D.$876

23.WhatcanweknowaboutaNSWTrainLinkDiscoveryPass?

A.Apasscanbegiventoanotherperson.

B.ApasscanberefundedtoNSWTrains.

C.Thetimelimitonapassstartsfromthedayofyourpurchase.

D.Youshouldbookyourfirsttripwithinonemonthafteryourpurchase.

B

Asthisyeardrawstoaclose,IstillrememberthefearIfeltonabrightSaturdaymorninginlateSeptember,at

afive-kilometerraceinClarkston,Georgia,asIwaitedformy11-year-oldsonatthefinishline.

Iknewhecouldruna5kinabout30minutes.WhenIdidn'tseehimatthe35-minutemark,Ibegantowonder

whathadgonewrong.Hadhegottenlost?Washehitbyacar?Aboutanhourearlier,whenwedroveintotown,my

sonnoticedaninsectonmycar.Itwasbrightgreen,nolongerthanafingernail.Anditwasfriendly.Thislittlegreen

thinghoppedontomyson'sfinger,whereitstayedforalong,longtime.Itstayedsolongthatweeventuallygaveit

aname:LittleFriend.

Afewminutesbeforetherace,LittleFriendjumpedoffmyson'shandandlandedonthesidewalk.Butpedestrian

trafficwasheavyandunpredictable.LittleFriendwasindanger.Somysonkneltandreachedouthishand.Little

Friendcameback.

Theracewasabouttostart,andthetinygreeninsectwasinforawildride.Mysonwouldrunfast,andtherace

wouldbelong,andhisarmswouldswing,andLittleFriendwouldeventuallybeshakenoff.

HYouwillloseLittleFriend,"Itoldhim.

Mysonnodded,treatingthemomentwithappropriateseriousness.

Theracebegan,andIlostsightofhim.

Theexcitementatthefinishlinegavewaytoanxietywhenmysondidnotshowup.

Ikeptaskingpeopleifthey'dseenhim.Noonehad.Andbeyondthe40-minutemark,Iwasinapanic.

Buttherehewas,thankgoodness,justaheadofthe45-minutemark.

AndtherewasLittleFriend,ridingontheuppercrookofhisrightthumblikeaverysmallcaptainonaverytall

ship.

Mypredictionshadbeenwrong.Mysonhadnotrunfast,andhehadnotlostLittleFriend.Andthesetwofacts

seemedsomehowrelated.Heblamedacoldhewasgettingover.Isuspecteditwasmorethanthat,butIdidn'tquestion

himtoomuchaboutit.

Wewalkedbacktothecar,smiling,andfoundsomebushesintheparkinglotthatseemedlikeagoodplacefor

mysontodropoffLittleFriend.

“Befree,^^mysonsaid,andgentlyputitinthebushes.

Mysonknewthetruth.Sometimeslifegivesyousomethingbeautiful,afragile,short-livedtreasureinyour

hand.Thereisnoneedtorushahead.Treatitgently.Enjoyeachmoment.Holdonwhileyoucan.

Onedaymysonwillleavetoo,runningoffonhisownadventure.

24.Howdidthewriterprobablyfeelwhenhefinallysawhissonappearinsight?

A.Relieved.B.Depressed.C.Satisfied.D.Disappointed.

25.Thesonfailedtorunasfastashisfatherhadexpectedprobablybecause.

A.hewaslostB.hewasrecoveringfromacold

C.hewasafraidtolosethetinyinsectD.hewassloweddownbytheheavytraffic

26.AsforthewayhissontreatedLittleFriend,thewriteris.

A.indifferentB.anxiousC.appreciativeD.doubtful

27.Whatwillthewritermostprobablydoaftertherace?

A.Treasureeverymomenthehaswithhisson.

B.Encouragehissontotakemoreadventures.

C.Tellhissontotakeracesseriously.

D.Getmoreinsectsforhisson.

C

EvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics（倫理標準）

ofAlandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,"How

canAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressandmanageit?"

Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach.

"AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledtoaddress

thenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren*tjustcrucialfor

addressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory（先行的）governance,HsaidSelinger.

Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidlygrowing

technologiesisSelinger'sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject."OneoftheskillsIbringtothetableis

identifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.Wecantake

preventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,"saidSelinger.

Takingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoing

journeyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleALSelingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-stepapproachforgood

governance."AIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere'sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingand

applyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,nsaidSelinger."Somepeoplearerightlyworried

thatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto'ethicswashing'-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,andemptyrhetoric

thatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,Pvehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,includingwithsome

experts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions."

SomeofSelinger*srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,suchasthehuman

impactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocusonpolicy,suchas

whattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance（監(jiān)視）approaches.

SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsand

responsibleAL"Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoals

theircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplayingethics

cannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,HsaidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedtoconsiderwhether

yourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture.n

28.Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause.

A.humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethics

B.itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernance

C.AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutions

D.itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues

29.TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould.

A.adoptasystematicapproachB.applyinnovativetechnologies

C.anticipateethicalrisksbeforehandD.establishaccountabilitymechanisms

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.

B.UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.

C.Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents*values.

D.Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.

D

Whilesomeallergies（過敏癥）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,

scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.

Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.Thesecellsproduceadifferentclassof

antibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfectionsButnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecellswere

recallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncoverthe

mysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergiesand

somewithout.

ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeoplewith

birchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.UsingatechniquecalledRNA

sequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichtheynamedMBC2s.thatmakeantibodiesand

proteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergies

Inanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrom

peoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmite

allergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthepeople

startedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.

AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMount

SinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremore,plentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin13

kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodiesto

allergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproducethe

protein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounterallergens.

ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK.thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAKfromsending

thesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,"Lafaillesays.Shealsopredicts

thatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatientsallergyislikely

tolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.

"Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientistsidentify

otherwaystokilltheallergycells,"saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchool

ofMedicine."Youcouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies."

31.Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?

A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.

B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.

C.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.

D.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.

32.Whatdoestheword"desensitize*1underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Make...lessdestructive.B.Make...lessresponsive.

C.Make...lessprotective.D.Make...lesseffective.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams'work?

A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.

B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.

C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.

D.Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.

34.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearch

B.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentified

C.UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergies

D.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選

項中有兩項為多余選項。

Mostofusareactuallyterribleatgivinggifts.About$70billionworthofpresentsarereturnedeveryyearinthe

U.S.35Herearethreewaystoimproveyourgift-givinggamearoundtheholidays.

Stoptryingtomakeyourgiftssodelightful.36Wewantsomethingfromgiving:thoselooksofdelight.

Thoseexclamations.Thisiswhyitemslikehyper-specifickitchengadgetsandfancyvintageclocksallseemlike

fantasticgifts.Butitturnsout,recipientsoftenwantthingsthatarefarmorepractical-thingstheycanactuallyuse.

37Justgivepeoplewhattheyaskfor.AstudylookedatAmazonwishliststodetermineifpeopleweremore

appreciativeofgiftsfromthelistversusgiftsthatweretotalsurprises.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhogotgiftsthat

weren'tontheirlistconsideredthemaslessthoughtfulandlesspersonal.38

Howcanwecreateagift-givingplanthatisasemotionalaswedesire?Humanslovetofeelconnected.Andone

waywedothatisbysharinginterestswithothers.Soifyouwanttolearnhowtogivebettergifts,putyourselfinthe

recipientsshoesandtrytothinkofsomethingyoubothshare.Maybeit'stheloveforasport,drinkingwine,orsome

otherhobby.39Andbecauseyoupickedsomethingyoushare,theywillfeelmoreconnectedtoyouandappreciate

yourgiftmore.

A.Sohowdowegetlessterrible?

B.Surpriseisoverrated-we*rehappiertogetwhatweaskfor.

C.Sowhat*sthemostpracticalgiftyoucangivethatpeoplemightactuallybegratefulfor?

D.Thelong-termpleasureofthereceivermaynotbeobservedandthereforeisdiscounted.

E.Onceyou'vefoundasharedinterest,goandfindausefulgiftrelatedtothisinterest.

F.Whatrecipientscareaboutishowmuchvaluethey*regoingtogetfromthegiftoveralongertimeperiod.

G.Researchhasshownthatgiversareconsumedbythemomentofunwrappingagiftevenmorethanthegift

itself.

第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornew

waystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorother

naturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?

AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthemental

wellbeingofpeople.Takingatriptoplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirds

singingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsomementalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthat

couldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcomparedtheeffectsof

woodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation（冥想）apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasother

woodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%

morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentle

wind,andlightrainfall.

However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysideto

seebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesoundsthatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?Accordingtoresearch

byCaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,evenarecordingofthesoundsofbirdshadaprofoundeffectonpeople's

mood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheir

wellbeing.

So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccessthewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawood

orviasomeheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyou

torelaxafteralong,hardday.

40.WhatdidthestudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022find?

41.HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehave

thesameeffectonpeople'smood.

43.Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?(In

about40words)

第二節(jié)(20分)

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你和你校交換生Jim準備聯(lián)合參加學(xué)校組織的校園文創(chuàng)設(shè)計大賽

(CampusCulturalandCreativeDesignCom