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ICS

M50

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/TXXXXX-20XX

xxx

全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線性能

要求及測試方法

PerformancerequirementsandtestmethodsforgeodeticantennasofGlobal

NavigationSatelliteSystem

(征求意見稿)

XXXX-XX-XX發(fā)布XXXX-XX-XX實(shí)施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/TXXXXX-20XX

目??次

前言.....................................................................................................................................................................IV

1范圍...................................................................................................................................................................1

2規(guī)范性引用文件...............................................................................................................................................1

3術(shù)語和定義、縮略語.......................................................................................................................................1

3.1術(shù)語和定義...............................................................................................................................................1

3.2縮略語.......................................................................................................................................................4

4要求...................................................................................................................................................................4

4.1分類及組成...............................................................................................................................................4

4.2工作頻帶...................................................................................................................................................4

4.3無源天線性能...........................................................................................................................................5

4.3.1方向圖和增益...................................................................................................................................5

4.3.2極化特性和軸比...............................................................................................................................5

4.4LNA性能....................................................................................................................................................5

4.4.1電壓駐波比.......................................................................................................................................5

4.4.2LNA增益............................................................................................................................................6

4.4.3LNA模塊群時(shí)延變化........................................................................................................................6

4.4.4噪聲系數(shù)...........................................................................................................................................6

4.4.5帶外抑制...........................................................................................................................................6

4.4.6增益帶內(nèi)平坦度...............................................................................................................................6

4.4.71dB壓縮點(diǎn)輸出功率........................................................................................................................6

4.5有源天線性能...........................................................................................................................................6

4.5.1相位中心偏差...................................................................................................................................6

4.5.2相位中心變化...................................................................................................................................6

4.5.3相位中心穩(wěn)定度...............................................................................................................................6

4.5.4視軸群時(shí)延.......................................................................................................................................6

4.5.5電壓駐波比.......................................................................................................................................6

4.5.6供電特性...........................................................................................................................................6

4.6環(huán)境適應(yīng)性...............................................................................................................................................6

4.6.1溫度...................................................................................................................................................6

4.6.2恒定濕熱...........................................................................................................................................7

4.6.3防水...................................................................................................................................................7

4.6.4鹽霧...................................................................................................................................................7

4.6.5振動(dòng)...................................................................................................................................................7

4.6.6沖擊...................................................................................................................................................7

4.6.7跌落...................................................................................................................................................7

4.7安全性.......................................................................................................................................................7

4.7.1靜電...................................................................................................................................................7

4.7.2浪涌...................................................................................................................................................7

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GB/TXXXX-20XX

4.8物理特性...................................................................................................................................................7

4.8.1尺寸與重量.......................................................................................................................................7

4.8.2接口...................................................................................................................................................7

4.8.3外觀...................................................................................................................................................8

5測試方法...........................................................................................................................................................8

5.1測試條件...................................................................................................................................................8

5.1.1被測天線狀態(tài)...................................................................................................................................8

5.1.2輔助天線狀態(tài)...................................................................................................................................8

5.1.3測試場地工作坐標(biāo)系.......................................................................................................................8

5.1.4測試環(huán)境條件...................................................................................................................................8

5.1.5測試場...............................................................................................................................................8

5.1.6測試儀器設(shè)備.................................................................................................................................10

5.2無源天線性能.........................................................................................................................................10

5.2.1方向圖和增益.................................................................................................................................10

5.2.2極化特性和軸比.............................................................................................................................14

5.3LNA性能..................................................................................................................................................16

5.3.1電壓駐波比.....................................................................................................................................16

5.3.2LNA增益..........................................................................................................................................16

5.3.3LNA模塊群時(shí)延變化......................................................................................................................17

5.3.4LNA噪聲系數(shù)..................................................................................................................................17

5.3.5帶外抑制.........................................................................................................................................18

5.3.6增益帶內(nèi)平坦度.............................................................................................................................19

5.3.71dB壓縮點(diǎn)輸出功率......................................................................................................................20

5.4有源天線性能.........................................................................................................................................20

5.4.1相位中心特性.................................................................................................................................20

5.4.2視軸群時(shí)延.....................................................................................................................................22

5.4.3電壓駐波比.....................................................................................................................................24

5.4.4供電特性.........................................................................................................................................24

5.5環(huán)境適應(yīng)性.............................................................................................................................................25

5.5.1低溫工作.........................................................................................................................................25

5.5.2低溫存儲.........................................................................................................................................25

5.5.3高溫工作.........................................................................................................................................25

5.5.4高溫存儲.........................................................................................................................................26

5.5.5恒定濕熱.........................................................................................................................................26

5.5.6防水.................................................................................................................................................26

5.5.7鹽霧.................................................................................................................................................26

5.5.8振動(dòng).................................................................................................................................................26

5.5.9沖擊.................................................................................................................................................27

5.5.10跌落...............................................................................................................................................27

5.6安全性.....................................................................................................................................................27

5.6.1靜電.................................................................................................................................................27

5.6.2浪涌.................................................................................................................................................27

5.7物理特性.................................................................................................................................................27

II

GB/TXXXXX-20XX

5.7.1尺寸與重量.....................................................................................................................................27

5.7.2接口.................................................................................................................................................28

5.7.3外觀.................................................................................................................................................28

附錄ANGS室外測試相位中心.........................................................................................................................29

III

GB/TXXXXX-20XX

全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線

性能要求及測試方法

1范圍

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線的性能要求及測試方法。

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、使用和測試。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅所注日期的版本適用于本文件。

凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修訂版)適用于本文件。

GB/T2423.1-2008電子電工產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)A:低溫

GB/T2423.2-2008電子電工產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)B:高溫

GB/T2423.3-2016電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分試驗(yàn)Cab:恒定濕熱試驗(yàn)方法

GB/T2423.5-2019電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Ea:沖擊

GB/T2423.10-2019電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Fc:振動(dòng)(正弦)

GB/T2423.8-1995電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Ed:自由跌落

GB/T2423.18-2012電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Kb:鹽霧,交變(氯化鈉溶

液)

GB/T2423.38-2008電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)R:水試驗(yàn)方法和導(dǎo)則

GB/T4208-2017外殼防護(hù)等級(IP代碼)

GB/T9410移動(dòng)通信天線通用技術(shù)規(guī)范

GB/T12190-2006電磁屏蔽室屏蔽效能的測試

GB/T14733.10-2008電信術(shù)語天線

GB/T17626.2-2018電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測試技術(shù)靜電放電抗擾度試驗(yàn)

GB/T17626.5-2008電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測量技術(shù)浪涌(沖擊)抗擾度試驗(yàn)

GB/T19391-2003全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)術(shù)語和定義

GB50826-2012電磁波暗室工程技術(shù)規(guī)范

GJB2436-1995天線術(shù)語

GJB4882-2003導(dǎo)航術(shù)語

GJB6780-2009微波暗室性能測試方法

GJB6564-2008全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)接收機(jī)檢定規(guī)程

3術(shù)語和定義、縮略語

3.1術(shù)語和定義

GB/T18214-1-2000導(dǎo)航術(shù)語和GJB4882-2003導(dǎo)航術(shù)語適合本文件。除此之外,下列術(shù)語和定義

適用于本文件。

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GB/TXXXX-20XX

3.1.1測量型天線geodeticantenna

接收GNSS信號,適用于大地測量、海洋測量、橋梁測量、山體滑坡測量、航道測量、地震監(jiān)測等場

合,采用對稱饋源技術(shù),具有穩(wěn)定相位中心的天線。

3.1.2參考站天線geodeticantenna

應(yīng)用于地基增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)參考站、地震監(jiān)測站、形變監(jiān)測站等固定站點(diǎn),用來實(shí)現(xiàn)毫米級或亞毫米級高

精度定位的GNSS天線。

3.1.3流動(dòng)站天線geodeticantenna

應(yīng)用于RTK接收機(jī)等移動(dòng)終端設(shè)備,用來實(shí)現(xiàn)厘米級或毫米級高精度定位的GNSS天線。

3.1.4天線方向圖radiationpatternofantennas

天線輻射的電磁波隨空間方向分布的圖形。

3.1.5天線增益antennagain

天線在某一規(guī)定方向上的輻射功率通量密度與參考天線(通常采用無損耗半波偶極子)在相同輸入

功率時(shí)最大輻射功率通量密度的比值,用符號G表示。通常,天線增益均指最大輻射方向的增益。

注1:無損耗半波偶極子是沒有損耗、電長度為半個(gè)波長的偶極天線,它在與其軸線相垂直的平面內(nèi)的增益定位天

線增益的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

注2:為了與理想點(diǎn)源為參考的天線增益相區(qū)別,這里,用無損耗半波偶極天線為參考時(shí),以dBd為單位。當(dāng)天線

增益以理想點(diǎn)源為參考時(shí),則以dBi為單位,0dBd=2.15dBi。

3.1.6不圓度un-roundness

在某一仰角上,天線方向圖增益最大值或最小值與增益平均值的偏差。

注1:平均值指某一仰角上方向圖中,最大間隔不超過5°方位上輻射強(qiáng)度的算術(shù)平均值

3.1.7增益前后比gainfront-to-backratio(FBR)

天線軸向增益與背向(180°±30°)角域內(nèi)的增益最大值之比;

3.1.8增益滾降系數(shù)gainroll-off

天線軸向增益與水平方向增益之比。

3.1.9天線極化antennapolarization

在垂直于傳播方向的平面內(nèi),電場矢量端點(diǎn)隨時(shí)間變化的軌跡。

3.1.10軸比axialratio

電場矢量端點(diǎn)隨時(shí)間變化的軌跡為橢圓時(shí),橢圓的長軸與短軸之比。

3.1.11天線參考點(diǎn)antennareferencepoint(ARP)

天線上指定的一個(gè)點(diǎn)位,一般為天線底部安裝面與中心軸線的交點(diǎn)。

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GB/TXXXXX-20XX

注:通常由制造廠家說明。

3.1.12天線相位中心antennaphasecenter

天線遠(yuǎn)區(qū)輻射場的等相位面與通過天線軸線的剖面相交的曲線的曲率中心。

3.1.13相位中心偏差phasecenteroffset(PCO)

天線相位中心與天線幾何中心之間的偏離。

注1:相位中心偏差包括北、東、高(即x,y,z)三個(gè)方向的偏差,其中北、東方向的偏差為水平方向的偏差;高

方向的偏差為高程偏差;

注2:一般只對水平方向的相位中心偏差做出要求。

3.1.14相位中心變化phasecentervariation(PCV)

特定方向上瞬時(shí)相位中心相對相位中心的偏移量。

3.1.15相位中心穩(wěn)定度phasecenterstability(PCS)

通過天線主波束相位峰峰值的一半所對應(yīng)的波長距離,公式定義為:

…………..………………(1)

?

式中:?x=