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ICS
M50
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB/TXXXXX-20XX
xxx
全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線性能
要求及測試方法
PerformancerequirementsandtestmethodsforgeodeticantennasofGlobal
NavigationSatelliteSystem
(征求意見稿)
XXXX-XX-XX發(fā)布XXXX-XX-XX實(shí)施
國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局
國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會發(fā)布
GB/TXXXXX-20XX
目??次
前言.....................................................................................................................................................................IV
1范圍...................................................................................................................................................................1
2規(guī)范性引用文件...............................................................................................................................................1
3術(shù)語和定義、縮略語.......................................................................................................................................1
3.1術(shù)語和定義...............................................................................................................................................1
3.2縮略語.......................................................................................................................................................4
4要求...................................................................................................................................................................4
4.1分類及組成...............................................................................................................................................4
4.2工作頻帶...................................................................................................................................................4
4.3無源天線性能...........................................................................................................................................5
4.3.1方向圖和增益...................................................................................................................................5
4.3.2極化特性和軸比...............................................................................................................................5
4.4LNA性能....................................................................................................................................................5
4.4.1電壓駐波比.......................................................................................................................................5
4.4.2LNA增益............................................................................................................................................6
4.4.3LNA模塊群時(shí)延變化........................................................................................................................6
4.4.4噪聲系數(shù)...........................................................................................................................................6
4.4.5帶外抑制...........................................................................................................................................6
4.4.6增益帶內(nèi)平坦度...............................................................................................................................6
4.4.71dB壓縮點(diǎn)輸出功率........................................................................................................................6
4.5有源天線性能...........................................................................................................................................6
4.5.1相位中心偏差...................................................................................................................................6
4.5.2相位中心變化...................................................................................................................................6
4.5.3相位中心穩(wěn)定度...............................................................................................................................6
4.5.4視軸群時(shí)延.......................................................................................................................................6
4.5.5電壓駐波比.......................................................................................................................................6
4.5.6供電特性...........................................................................................................................................6
4.6環(huán)境適應(yīng)性...............................................................................................................................................6
4.6.1溫度...................................................................................................................................................6
4.6.2恒定濕熱...........................................................................................................................................7
4.6.3防水...................................................................................................................................................7
4.6.4鹽霧...................................................................................................................................................7
4.6.5振動(dòng)...................................................................................................................................................7
4.6.6沖擊...................................................................................................................................................7
4.6.7跌落...................................................................................................................................................7
4.7安全性.......................................................................................................................................................7
4.7.1靜電...................................................................................................................................................7
4.7.2浪涌...................................................................................................................................................7
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GB/TXXXX-20XX
4.8物理特性...................................................................................................................................................7
4.8.1尺寸與重量.......................................................................................................................................7
4.8.2接口...................................................................................................................................................7
4.8.3外觀...................................................................................................................................................8
5測試方法...........................................................................................................................................................8
5.1測試條件...................................................................................................................................................8
5.1.1被測天線狀態(tài)...................................................................................................................................8
5.1.2輔助天線狀態(tài)...................................................................................................................................8
5.1.3測試場地工作坐標(biāo)系.......................................................................................................................8
5.1.4測試環(huán)境條件...................................................................................................................................8
5.1.5測試場...............................................................................................................................................8
5.1.6測試儀器設(shè)備.................................................................................................................................10
5.2無源天線性能.........................................................................................................................................10
5.2.1方向圖和增益.................................................................................................................................10
5.2.2極化特性和軸比.............................................................................................................................14
5.3LNA性能..................................................................................................................................................16
5.3.1電壓駐波比.....................................................................................................................................16
5.3.2LNA增益..........................................................................................................................................16
5.3.3LNA模塊群時(shí)延變化......................................................................................................................17
5.3.4LNA噪聲系數(shù)..................................................................................................................................17
5.3.5帶外抑制.........................................................................................................................................18
5.3.6增益帶內(nèi)平坦度.............................................................................................................................19
5.3.71dB壓縮點(diǎn)輸出功率......................................................................................................................20
5.4有源天線性能.........................................................................................................................................20
5.4.1相位中心特性.................................................................................................................................20
5.4.2視軸群時(shí)延.....................................................................................................................................22
5.4.3電壓駐波比.....................................................................................................................................24
5.4.4供電特性.........................................................................................................................................24
5.5環(huán)境適應(yīng)性.............................................................................................................................................25
5.5.1低溫工作.........................................................................................................................................25
5.5.2低溫存儲.........................................................................................................................................25
5.5.3高溫工作.........................................................................................................................................25
5.5.4高溫存儲.........................................................................................................................................26
5.5.5恒定濕熱.........................................................................................................................................26
5.5.6防水.................................................................................................................................................26
5.5.7鹽霧.................................................................................................................................................26
5.5.8振動(dòng).................................................................................................................................................26
5.5.9沖擊.................................................................................................................................................27
5.5.10跌落...............................................................................................................................................27
5.6安全性.....................................................................................................................................................27
5.6.1靜電.................................................................................................................................................27
5.6.2浪涌.................................................................................................................................................27
5.7物理特性.................................................................................................................................................27
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GB/TXXXXX-20XX
5.7.1尺寸與重量.....................................................................................................................................27
5.7.2接口.................................................................................................................................................28
5.7.3外觀.................................................................................................................................................28
附錄ANGS室外測試相位中心.........................................................................................................................29
III
GB/TXXXXX-20XX
全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線
性能要求及測試方法
1范圍
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線的性能要求及測試方法。
本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)(GNSS)測量型天線的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、使用和測試。
2規(guī)范性引用文件
下列文件對于本文件的應(yīng)用是必不可少。凡是注日期的引用文件,僅所注日期的版本適用于本文件。
凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修訂版)適用于本文件。
GB/T2423.1-2008電子電工產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)A:低溫
GB/T2423.2-2008電子電工產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)B:高溫
GB/T2423.3-2016電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分試驗(yàn)Cab:恒定濕熱試驗(yàn)方法
GB/T2423.5-2019電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Ea:沖擊
GB/T2423.10-2019電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Fc:振動(dòng)(正弦)
GB/T2423.8-1995電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Ed:自由跌落
GB/T2423.18-2012電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)Kb:鹽霧,交變(氯化鈉溶
液)
GB/T2423.38-2008電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗(yàn)第2部分:試驗(yàn)方法試驗(yàn)R:水試驗(yàn)方法和導(dǎo)則
GB/T4208-2017外殼防護(hù)等級(IP代碼)
GB/T9410移動(dòng)通信天線通用技術(shù)規(guī)范
GB/T12190-2006電磁屏蔽室屏蔽效能的測試
GB/T14733.10-2008電信術(shù)語天線
GB/T17626.2-2018電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測試技術(shù)靜電放電抗擾度試驗(yàn)
GB/T17626.5-2008電磁兼容試驗(yàn)和測量技術(shù)浪涌(沖擊)抗擾度試驗(yàn)
GB/T19391-2003全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)術(shù)語和定義
GB50826-2012電磁波暗室工程技術(shù)規(guī)范
GJB2436-1995天線術(shù)語
GJB4882-2003導(dǎo)航術(shù)語
GJB6780-2009微波暗室性能測試方法
GJB6564-2008全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS)接收機(jī)檢定規(guī)程
3術(shù)語和定義、縮略語
3.1術(shù)語和定義
GB/T18214-1-2000導(dǎo)航術(shù)語和GJB4882-2003導(dǎo)航術(shù)語適合本文件。除此之外,下列術(shù)語和定義
適用于本文件。
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3.1.1測量型天線geodeticantenna
接收GNSS信號,適用于大地測量、海洋測量、橋梁測量、山體滑坡測量、航道測量、地震監(jiān)測等場
合,采用對稱饋源技術(shù),具有穩(wěn)定相位中心的天線。
3.1.2參考站天線geodeticantenna
應(yīng)用于地基增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)參考站、地震監(jiān)測站、形變監(jiān)測站等固定站點(diǎn),用來實(shí)現(xiàn)毫米級或亞毫米級高
精度定位的GNSS天線。
3.1.3流動(dòng)站天線geodeticantenna
應(yīng)用于RTK接收機(jī)等移動(dòng)終端設(shè)備,用來實(shí)現(xiàn)厘米級或毫米級高精度定位的GNSS天線。
3.1.4天線方向圖radiationpatternofantennas
天線輻射的電磁波隨空間方向分布的圖形。
3.1.5天線增益antennagain
天線在某一規(guī)定方向上的輻射功率通量密度與參考天線(通常采用無損耗半波偶極子)在相同輸入
功率時(shí)最大輻射功率通量密度的比值,用符號G表示。通常,天線增益均指最大輻射方向的增益。
注1:無損耗半波偶極子是沒有損耗、電長度為半個(gè)波長的偶極天線,它在與其軸線相垂直的平面內(nèi)的增益定位天
線增益的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
注2:為了與理想點(diǎn)源為參考的天線增益相區(qū)別,這里,用無損耗半波偶極天線為參考時(shí),以dBd為單位。當(dāng)天線
增益以理想點(diǎn)源為參考時(shí),則以dBi為單位,0dBd=2.15dBi。
3.1.6不圓度un-roundness
在某一仰角上,天線方向圖增益最大值或最小值與增益平均值的偏差。
注1:平均值指某一仰角上方向圖中,最大間隔不超過5°方位上輻射強(qiáng)度的算術(shù)平均值
3.1.7增益前后比gainfront-to-backratio(FBR)
天線軸向增益與背向(180°±30°)角域內(nèi)的增益最大值之比;
3.1.8增益滾降系數(shù)gainroll-off
天線軸向增益與水平方向增益之比。
3.1.9天線極化antennapolarization
在垂直于傳播方向的平面內(nèi),電場矢量端點(diǎn)隨時(shí)間變化的軌跡。
3.1.10軸比axialratio
電場矢量端點(diǎn)隨時(shí)間變化的軌跡為橢圓時(shí),橢圓的長軸與短軸之比。
3.1.11天線參考點(diǎn)antennareferencepoint(ARP)
天線上指定的一個(gè)點(diǎn)位,一般為天線底部安裝面與中心軸線的交點(diǎn)。
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GB/TXXXXX-20XX
注:通常由制造廠家說明。
3.1.12天線相位中心antennaphasecenter
天線遠(yuǎn)區(qū)輻射場的等相位面與通過天線軸線的剖面相交的曲線的曲率中心。
3.1.13相位中心偏差phasecenteroffset(PCO)
天線相位中心與天線幾何中心之間的偏離。
注1:相位中心偏差包括北、東、高(即x,y,z)三個(gè)方向的偏差,其中北、東方向的偏差為水平方向的偏差;高
方向的偏差為高程偏差;
注2:一般只對水平方向的相位中心偏差做出要求。
3.1.14相位中心變化phasecentervariation(PCV)
特定方向上瞬時(shí)相位中心相對相位中心的偏移量。
3.1.15相位中心穩(wěn)定度phasecenterstability(PCS)
通過天線主波束相位峰峰值的一半所對應(yīng)的波長距離,公式定義為:
…………..………………(1)
?
式中:?x=