押湖南卷第36-45題 知識運用之完形填空（原卷版）-備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語臨考題號押題

押湖南卷第36-45題知識運用之完型填空【題型概述】完形填空是中考英語中一種要求高、綜合性強的語言測試題。主要以閱讀為形式，上下文為線索，理解能力、詞匯知識、語法知識、習(xí)慣用法以及分析判斷能力為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。因此，考生必須具備扎實的英語基礎(chǔ)，掌握正確的解題思路和有效的解題技巧，才能取得較好成績。湖南中考完形填空通常為一篇150—200詞的短文，文中留出10個空白，要求考生從每題所給的3個選項中選出答案，使短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。從語篇選材來看，題材多樣、內(nèi)容廣泛，但都貼近考生的生活實際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性。從語篇體裁來看，多以記敘文為主，部分題中會出現(xiàn)兩種體裁結(jié)合的情況，如夾敘夾議。從語篇內(nèi)容來看，涉及社會熱點事件或問題討論、情感話題、名人軼事、故事、家庭親友等話題。從命題設(shè)計來看，有詞匯分析題、邏輯分析題、常用句式和固定搭配題等?！鹃喿x策略】厘清解題思路，正確有效地運用自身英語基礎(chǔ)知識、閱讀理解和邏輯判斷等能力解題，是提升考生完形填空解題成效的關(guān)鍵途徑，解題思路大致分為4步。第一步，重視語篇首句和尾句的含義。信息缺失是完形填空題最主要的特點，考生在解題時常常因為沒能從整體上把握文章大意而無從下手，或者因理解偏差導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重失分。通過觀察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在完形填空語篇中，首尾句子中基本上不會安排填空，且首尾句一般是文章的中心句，考生對其進行認(rèn)真解讀，便可以大概了解語篇的內(nèi)容與主旨，便于后續(xù)更快、更準(zhǔn)確地解題。第二步，跳過空格，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章大意。部分考生在解題時，只是憑借對句子層面信息的分析來填空，忽略了對語篇層面信息的把控，因而很容易出現(xiàn)失分的情況。因此，考生在解題時要學(xué)會跳過空格進行閱讀，在通讀全文后，對整篇文章有大致的了解，掌握文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及情節(jié)發(fā)展的前因后果等相關(guān)信息，為之后準(zhǔn)確解題奠定基礎(chǔ)。第三步，綜合考慮，認(rèn)真分析，選出正確答案。考生在初步了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合備選項細(xì)讀全文，結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，注意從上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語搭配及從選項中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文的意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項，然后初步選出答案。對于存疑部分，可暫且空置，不能因為某個空格未能確定答案而糾結(jié)，耽誤解題時間，影響整場考試的時間分配。第四步，復(fù)讀全文，梳理關(guān)系，敲定最終答案。在解題后，復(fù)讀文章，核查是否存在邏輯、時態(tài)等方面的問題，以提升答案正確率。在此過程中，也可以通過對上下文線索的再次梳理，解決之前解題時空置的個別存疑題目。總之，在解題時要做到思路清晰，先易后難，要瞻前顧后。PassageA（2023湖南長沙卷）MyfriendAndrewusedtodrinkalotandalwaysisolated(孤立)himself.Hewas____26____andheartbroken.Hefeltthathislifewasahopelessmess.Heeventoldmethathewasonthepointof____27____hope.Icouldn’tsolvehisproblems.ButduringtheChristmasseasontwoyearsago,IgavehimagiftthatIdidn’tevenknowIhad.ThatChristmasAndrewhadnoplacetogo,soI____28____himhometomyparents’houseinLondon.Myparentswere____29____tohavehimstaywithus.Theygraciously(殷勤地)cleanedupourguestroomforhimandevenboughthimsomeChristmasgifts.I’llnever____30____thenightwhenwearrivedatmyhome.Myparentswerealreadyasleep,butmymomhadprepareddinnerandsomecookiesforusandleftusa____31____.Myparentswereknownfortheirgenerosity(慷慨),soIwasn’tsurprisedbythiswarm____32____.ButwhenAndrewreadmymom’snoteandsawallthatshehadprepared,hebrokedownandcouldn’thelp____33____.Atthatmoment,Ibegantorealizewhatalovingfamilymeant.Fromthenon,AndrewandIbothreceivedgiftsthatwewould____34____forever.Igavehimthegiftofawarm,lovingandsafeplacetospendChristmas,whichhelpedhimrenewhisinterestinlife.More_____35_____,hegavemethegiftofanewperspective(觀點)onlife.IfIhadn’tsharedmyhomewithhim,Iwouldn’thaverealizedhowblessed(有福的)Iam.26.A.sunny B.outgoing C.lonely27.A.writingdown B.givingup C.listeningto28.A.stopped B.invited C.refused29.A.unwilling B.angry C.happy30.A.forget B.remember C.mention31.A.note B.book C.menu32.A.handshake B.welcome C.conversation33.A.fighting B.fearing C.crying34.A.value B.worry C.doubt35.A.pitifully B.importantly C.painfullyPassageB（2023湖南郴州卷）Harry.Whoownedaboat,firedneartheseawithhisfamily.Theymadealivingby31.Oneday,heaskedapaintertopainthisboat.Whilethepainterwaspainting,hefoundtherewasaholeatthebottomoftheboat,andhedecidedto32it.WhenhefinishedhisworkasHarpaskedhim,hegothismoneyandleft.Severaldayslater,Harrycametothepainterandgavehimsomemoneywhichwasmuchmorethanthepaymentforpainting.Thepainterdidn’tknow33andsaid,“You’vealreadypaidmeforpaintingtheboat!”“Itisnotforthepainting,34forhavingrepairedthehole!”Harrysaid.“It’sjustasmallservice.Certainlyyou35paymesomuchforsomethingunimportant.”saidthepainter.“Myfriend,youdon’tunderstandwhatImean.Letmetellyouwhathappened.My36tooktheboatandwentonafishingtripyesterday.WhenInoticedtheyhadtakentheboat,Iwasextremely(極其)37.Irememberedtheboathadaholethathadn’tbeenrepairedyet.Iforgottotellthemaboutit.Youcan’timaginehowhappyIwaswhenIsawthemwalking38safeandsound.ThenIcheckedtheboatandfoundyouhadrepairedthehole.Itwas39theboatsavedmychildren’slives!”Harrysaidwithexcitement.Justrepairthe“hole”youfind.Smallactsofkindnesscanmakea40difference.31.A.cookingB.teachingC.fishing32.A.repairB.paintC.protect33.A.whatB.whyC.when34.A.butB.andC.so35.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’t36.A.friendsB.neighborsC.children37.A.excitedB.happyC.worried38.A.intoB.outofC.along39.A.youB.heC.we40.A.smallB.bigC.bad完形填空題以語篇信息為基礎(chǔ)，以中心脈絡(luò)為主線，測試考生在語篇中對英語基礎(chǔ)知識的靈活運用能力，以及閱讀、思維和判斷等能力。技巧一：充分利用首句信息答題“完形填空”的首句均不設(shè)空，而是盡可能多地給考生提供一些必要的信息，因而，讀懂首句可以幫助考生建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向，避免走彎路而誤入歧途。首句是了解全文的窗口，通過首句往往能確定文章的體裁、背景、寫作意圖甚至中心思想?！镜淅縊scarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.Oneday,Oscar1theshoppingwithhismother.Whentheygottothe2,Oscarwasvery3.1.A.did B.stopped C.needed2.A.school B.hospital C.supermarket3.A.sorry B.happy C.sad【分析】此文首句“Oscarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.”暗示本文是一篇記敘文，記敘Oscar和他媽媽去超市購物的經(jīng)歷。由于記敘文一般按照事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的順序展開，并會涉及到時間、地點、人物、過程、結(jié)果等因素，把握住這一特點后對考生確定正確答案很有幫助。1題考查動詞的使用，正確答案是A。首句暗示“主人喜歡購物”，而此句正是陳述“主人和媽媽一起去購物”，所以應(yīng)使用動詞“did”。dotheshopping也是固定短語，表示“購物”。2題考查名詞的使用，正確答案是C。前一句“主人和媽媽一起去購物”暗示了答案，購物自然應(yīng)去“超市（supermarket）”。3題考查形容詞的使用，正確答案是B。由首句可知“主人喜歡購物”，到了超市主人自然應(yīng)該“高興，”因而使用形容詞“happy”符合情景。技巧二巧用上下文信息答題完形填空必須通篇理解，從整體角度考慮，結(jié)合上下文信息才能判斷出最佳答案。利用上下文語境確定答案的題目所占比例呈越來越多的趨勢。而上下文信息可以出現(xiàn)在同一句、前后句、前后段中，或者出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾部分，因而答題時要瞻前顧后，結(jié)合首尾。【典例1】Marylivedonthesideofahill.Onewintertherewasabigflood(水災(zāi))andalotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,buthis1wasstillallright.Marytookinoneofherfamiliesthathad2everythinginthefloodandaskedthemtoliveinherhouse.…1.A.fieldB.schoolC.house2.A.paidB.gotC.lost【分析】短文中的Mary是一個孤兒，被一位好心的母親收養(yǎng)，并受到這個家庭孩子們的歡迎。20年后，已成為母親的Mary也以同樣的愛心收留了一個在洪水中失去了家園的家庭。第1題考查具體語境中名詞的用方法，解題信息在前一句“alotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,”，由此可知“別人家的房子被沖走”，而but這一轉(zhuǎn)折詞暗示瑪麗家的“房子”安然無恙，因而正確答案是C項。第2題考查具體語境中動詞的用法。解題信息也在上文。根據(jù)前一句信息可知：許多房屋被洪水沖走了。既然房屋被沖走，自然可以推斷：人們就“失去”了一切東西。表示“丟失；失去”應(yīng)選用動詞“l(fā)ose”的過去式“l(fā)ost”，所以正確答案為C項。技巧三利用語法知識、詞語搭配、固定句型答題完形填空以語境考查為主，但不可避免的是，也有部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，同學(xué)們一定要利用平時所學(xué)的知識，考慮單詞（詞組）的固定搭配，動詞的及物和不及物，并利用句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點等知識全面衡量所有選項，排除干擾確定最佳答案?！镜淅俊璪utwewererelaxedwhenwewerelyingonthebeach.We1somephotosthere.WhatabusyweekendIhad!10.A.gotB.broughtC.took【分析】此題考查具體語境中動詞的用法，正確答案是C。本段文字介紹了周末在海邊放松的情景，根據(jù)常理看空格處應(yīng)為“拍照、照相”之意，而表示“照相”時應(yīng)使用固定短語takephotos，答案顯而易見。技巧四根據(jù)文化背景常識答題完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識。因而答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷，最終確定答案。另外，中外文化之間有一些差異，解題時不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情，只有這樣，才能正確理解其中的文化差異，作出正確的判斷和選擇?！镜淅?】Therearemanykindsofanimalsintheworld.Elephantsarethe1animalsthatliveonland.Onlysomekindsofwhales(鯨魚)arebiggerthanelephants,buttheyliveinthe2.1.A.biggest B.smallest C.smaller2.A.river B.lake C.sea【分析】第1題考查形容詞的用法，其解題信息就是常識性知識。眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，因而答案是A項，即應(yīng)選“biggest”。第2題考查名詞用法，解題也必須結(jié)合常識性知識。眾所周知，鯨魚生活在大海里，因而答案是C，即應(yīng)選“sea”。技巧五把握文章脈絡(luò)綜合推理判斷完形填空側(cè)重考查根據(jù)上下文語境理解文意的能力，有些題目應(yīng)從語篇層次去考慮，只有把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，才能進行綜合推理判斷，最終得出最佳答案。文章的邏輯關(guān)系包括并列、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等，依靠不同的連詞來表達(dá)，如and，but，so，however，firstofall，then，finally，forexample，or等，它們在文章中起著“篇章紐帶”的作用，可以作為做完型填空題的路標(biāo)?！镜淅?】MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeijingOperaverymuch,buthecan’tsing6.6.A.badly B.easilyC.well【分析】此題考查具體語境中副詞的使用，正確答案是C。根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折詞but之前的意義“我最小的弟弟很喜歡中國的京劇”可以推斷，喜歡但唱得不好，因而6題答案是C（well）。PassageAIamnotabravegirl,andevenalittlemousescaresme.1．I'vebeencrazyaboutbungeejumping.Oneday,Ifoundagoodplaceforthisexciting2．inThailandbysurfingtheInternet.Ipackedmybagandflewthere.However,Ihadnoideahowtogettotheaddresslistedonthe3．.Icalledthemandtookataxi,butthedriverdidn'tknowtheway,either.Hedroppedmehalfway.Havingboughtsomebread,Ihadtowaitforthecarthatshouldpickmeup.JustthenayoungmanjumpedoutofacarandaskedifIwasJenny,Thenwe4．tothebungeejumpingplace.Iwasamazedbythesightsalongtheroadthroughthewindowofthecar.IquicklysignedanagreementwhichsaidImightdie,and5．a(chǎn)harness(安全帶).Theguideledmethroughagate,askedmetositinaspecialseatandtiedmy6．a(chǎn)ndankleswell.Iwasnervousbutnotscared.AssoonasIstoodupandfeltmyankles7．together,Igotscared.Iwalkedslowlytotheedge(邊)ofthebridgeandlookedback.Theworkerslookedatmeandcouldn'thelplaughing.Atlastitwastimetogo.SoIjumpedas8．forwardasIcould.Atthatmomentmymemoryseemedtostop.Ifelt9．goingup,likeridingafastlift,andthenanotherdropand…...Finally,Istoppedintheair.Ispreadmyarmswide,laughingloudlyand10．.Theworkerspulledmeup,smilingatme.1．A．But B．Or C．So2．A．task B．sport C．subject3．A．magazine B．newspaper C．website4．A．walked B．ran C．drove5．A．putout B．puton C．putoff6．A．legs B．ears C．eyes7．A．tied B．divided C．spread8．A．close B．far C．short9．A．themselves B．himself C．myself10．A．sadly B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．proudlyPassageBZhangYiisaChinesereporterinSingapore.Awomanwithgreyhairlivingnearbyvisitedhimoneday.Thewomanintroduced11．a(chǎn)sSarah.SheaskedifZhangcouldhelplookforherpenfriendwhowasfromChina.DuanChunwasSarah'sfirstChinesepenfriend.Theywrotealotoflettersand12．thecolorfulschoollivessixty-oneyearsago.AlltheletterswerekeptbySarah.Theywere13．hersweetmemories.14．,Sarahhadn'treceivedanylettersfromDuanformanyyears.Itseemed15．tofindapersonaftersuchalongtime,butZhangpromisedtodohisbest.HepostedsomeofDuan'sblack-and-white16．a(chǎn)ndtheirstoriesontheInternet.Tohis17．,manylovelystrangersjoinedhiminsearchingforDuan.18．theyhadlotsoftrouble,theyneverstoppedtrying.Afewmonthslater,thetwopenfriendsfinallybeganto19．witheachotheragain.TheyweresoexcitedthattheydecidedtomeetinChina.SarahpreparedagiftforDuantocelebrateherseventy-fifthbirthday.Itwaswiththehelpofsomany20．peopleandhightechnologythatthecross-countryfriendshipwasabletocontinue.11．A．herself B．himself C．themselves12．A．reported B．printed C．shared 13．A．similarto B．fullof C．closeto 14．A．Instead B．Also C．However 15．A．convenient B．impossible C．unfair 16．A．photos B．clothes C．pens 17．A．a(chǎn)nger B．fear C．happiness18．A．Although B．Unless C．Until 19．A．a(chǎn)rgue B．communicate C．compare 20．A．funny B．local C．caring PassageCRidingabikeonthestreet,youmighthearsomepeoplespeakingChinese.Turningtotheright,youseeaSichuan-stylerestaurant.Afterwalkingintoastore,youseethatHUAWEIsmartphonesare21．.Butyou'renotinChina--you'reinManchesterinBritain.Infact,youmightsee22．thingsinmanyothercities.Chineseproductshavebeen23．worldwide.ChinesefoodhasbeenenjoyedinWesterncountriesforalongtime.To24．localpeople'stastes,Chineserestaurantshavemadesomechangestothe25．.UnliketheChinese,Australianpeopledon'tliketoeatmeatwiththebone26．soChineserestaurantsthereprovidebigpiecesofmeatwithoutbones,27．forfish.SomeChinesebrandsarealsobecomingmore28．.InmanycitiesinEurope,storessellTCLtelevisions,Haierfridgesandsoon.AndmorethanhalfofUS-owneddrones(無人駕駛飛機)areChinesemodels.They'renotsimplymadeinChina,butdesignedanddevelopedinthe29．Inthepast,mostWesternpeoplethoughtChineseproductswerecheapandnotdependable.Butnow,thingshavechangedgreatly."MadeinChina"becomescool.Moreandmorepeople30．Chinesebrands.21．A．forfun B．a(chǎn)twork C．onsale 22．A．similar B．different C．common 23．A．stored B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．received 24．A．meet B．copy C．spread 25．A．kitchens B．drinks C．dishes 26．A．in B．out C．on 27．A．just B．even C．yet 28．A．traditional B．expensive C．popular29．A．country B．city C．field 30．A．sell B．trust C．improve PassageDHaveyoueverlivedinaschooldormitory（宿舍）？Somestudentsthinklivingatschoolisapieceofcake.Well，it'snotas31．a(chǎn)syoumightimagine.Lastyear，myparentsdecidedtoletmeliveatschool.Iwas32．tohearthisdecisionbecauseIhadn'tthoughtaboutitbefore.ButI33．thisideaaftertheytoldmethattheywouldbetoobusytolookaftermeforthefollowingyear.However，whenIfirstarrived，Igotnervousaboutthestrict34．.Wehavetostudyfrom7a.mto10p.m.everyday.Wearenotallowedtoplaywithcellphonesorgobacktothedormitorytotakeshowersduringthistime.Also，I35．oneofmyroommates.Thesethingsmademefeelupsetandhomesick.Ijustwantedtogobackhome.Onweekends，Iwentbackhome.Mymothercomfortedme，"Don'tbeafraid.Trytothinkabouthowtoimprovethe36．."Mymother'swordscheeredmeup.Noneofmyroommateshadsuchproblems.SoIneededtosolvethembymyself.Thenextweek，Itriedmybesttocalmmyselfdownandfocusonmywork.Anditdidnotseemtoo37．.Italkedwithmyroommatesmore38．a(chǎn)ndmademorefriends.Irealizedthegoodorbadofthingsdependson39．ownattitudes（態(tài)度）.Ibegantoenjoythedormitorylife.EverytimeIstruggle（掙扎）withdifficulties，Ialwaysthinkaboutthisspecial40．.Itgivesmethecouragetoovercomethem.PerhapsIhavegrownupthroughthis.31．A．easy B．easily C．easier32．A．embarrassed B．excited C．surprised33．A．a(chǎn)ccepted B．a(chǎn)dmired C．doubted34．A．classes B．rules C．teachers35．A．gotalongwith B．a(chǎn)rguedwith C．talkedwith36．A．standard B．grade C．situation37．A．difficult B．successful C．interesting38．A．loudly B．seriously C．politely39．A．his B．my C．its40．A．symbol B．tradition C．experiencePassageEDuringmylastyearofjuniorhighschool.ourteacher,Mrs.Green,gaveusatest.Iwasa(n)41．studentandIdidwellinallsubjects.Ifinishedthequestionsuccessfully42．Ireadthelastone:Whatisthe43．nameofthewomanwhocleanstheschool?Ofcourse,Ithoughtthatmusthavebeenajoke.Isawthecleaningwomaneveryday.Shewasshortandabout50yearsold.Shehaddarkhair.ButhowcouldIknowhername?Ihad44．941．talkedwithherbefore.Infact,I'dnevereven45．talkingtoher.Ilookedatmypaperandstartedtofeelrathershameful.It's46．formetoknowtheanswer.Finally,Ihandedinmypaper,leavingthelastoneunanswered.Beforethetestended,onestudentasked47．thelastquestionwouldbecountedinourgrades."Ofcourse,"theteachersaid."Inyourlife,youwillmeetmanypeople.Theyareallimportant.Theydeserves(值得)your48．a(chǎn)ndcare,evenifallyoudoistosmileandsayhello."I'veneverforgottenthat49．.EveryonedeservesmycareandIshouldgettoknowthepeoplewhoworkandlivearoundme.Thatwasthemost50．lessoninmylife.Later,Ialsolearnedthatthecleaningwoman'sfirstnamewasHannah.42．A．good-looking B．hard-working C．easy-going43．A．until B．a(chǎn)lthough C．since44．A．last B．middle C．first45．A．never B．sometimes C．a(chǎn)lways46．A．heardabout B．thoughtabout C．worriedabout47．A．impossible B．embarrassing C．thankful48．A．what B．how C．if49．A．a(chǎn)greement B．a(chǎn)ttention C．discovery50．A．lesson B．fault C．a(chǎn)dvantage51．A．important B．boring C．harmfulPassageFItwasCareer（職業(yè)）Weekatschool.Eachday,adifferentpersoncametotalkabouthiso