2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀與讀寫練講義：加州或干旱再臨素材

加州或干旱再臨干旱從古至今都是人類面臨的主要自然災(zāi)害。即使在科學(xué)技術(shù)如此發(fā)達(dá)的今天，它造成的災(zāi)難性后果仍然比比皆是。難詞探意1.snowpack/sno··p·k/n.積雪2.powderkeg炸藥桶3.parched/pɑ：t·t/adj.焦的;炎熱的4.offset/offset/v.抵消5.divert/da··v·：t/v.轉(zhuǎn)移6.reservoir/·rez·vwɑ：（r）/n.水庫7.meager/mi：g·/adj.貧乏的8.retain/r··te·n/v.保存原文復(fù)現(xiàn)Californiasmountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，raisingfearsthatthestatecouldreturntodroughtafteraperiodofmostlyabundantwetyears.OnThursday，officialsofthestate’sDepartmentofWaterResourcesconductedasurveyatameasuringstationnearLakeTahoethatrecorded29inchesofsnow，or47%ofaverageforthistimeofyear.ThereducedsnowpackfollowsaroughlysixweekstretchthathasbeenoneofthedriestperiodsonrecordinCalifornia.WithnoraininsightuntilatleastSunday，downtownSanFranciscoisontracktorecordnomeasurableraininFebruaryforthefirsttimesince1864，andonlythesecondtimeinitshistory.Similarly，stateofficialssaythenorthernpartoftheSierraNevadamountainsareontracktoexperiencenorainfallthismonthforthefirsttimesincerecordsstartedthere100yearsago.Atthesametimelastyear，bycontrast，theSierramountainswereburiedunderasnowpackthatstoodat144%ofnormal—andnearlydoubletheaverageamountin2017.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafive-yeardroughtthathurtthefarmeconomyandturnedforestsintopowderkegsforwildfires.WhileCaliforniahasseenmorerainandsnowinrecentyears，thedroughtleftmuchofthestatesoparchedthattheriseinrainfallhasdonelittletooffsetpersistentfirerisks.WeatherforecastersattributedthedryperiodtoastrongridgeofhighpressurethathasbeenparkedoffthecoastofCaliforniasincemidJanuary，divertingPacificstormstoNorthwesterncitieslikeSeattle，whichhashadanunusuallywetwinter.Yetstatewaterofficialssaidtheyhadneverseenweatherconditionschangeasdramaticallyinrecentyears，andnamedclimatechangeasapossiblecontributingfactor.“Wereseeingalotofthingsnowthatwehaven’tseenbefore，”saidSeandeGuzman，chiefofsnowsurveysandwatersupplyforecastingfortheDepartmentofWaterResources.ThegoodnewsforCaliforniansisthatreservoirsremainmostlyfullaroundthestate，whilethesnowpackhasretainedmostofitswatercontentwithoutmeltingoffearly，Mr.Guzmansaid.Besides，California’sothermajorsourceofwater—fromtheColoradoRiver—isenjoyingasnowseason.Thestatesfarmsarelikelytofeelthepinch（節(jié)制）thisyear.TheU.S.BureauofReclamationearlierthisweeksaidthat，basedonthedryconditions，itwasreducingallocationsoffederallycontrolledirrigationwatertoaninitiallevelofaslittleas15%ofnormalforsomefarmdistricts.文本探究探究視角1：語篇分析本文是一篇說明文，通過對加州的干旱情況進(jìn)行描述，介紹了加州近年來的氣候和降水情況，并對造成其現(xiàn)象的可能原因和潛在影響作出分析，引起讀者思考和注意。說明文是一種以說明為主要表達(dá)方式的文章體裁。為了把事物特征說清楚，或者把事理闡述明白，必須有相適應(yīng)的說明方法。常見的說明方法有舉例子、分類別、作比較、列數(shù)字、下定義、作詮釋、打比方、摹狀貌、引用、畫圖表等。探究視角2：語言學(xué)習(xí)Ⅰ.文本填空1.Theroughlysixweekstretchhasbeenoneofthedriest（period）onrecordinCalifornia.2.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafive-yeardroughthurtthefarmeconomy.3.California’smountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，（raise）fearsthatthestatecouldreturntodrought.4.ThegoodnewsforCaliforniansisreservoirs（蓄水池）remainmostlyfullaroundthestate.5.Thestatesfarmsarelikely（feel）thepinch（節(jié)制）thisyear.Ⅱ.難句分析1.California’smountainsnowpackisabouthalfofitsnormallevel，raisingfearsthatthestatecouldreturntodroughtafteraperiodofmostlyabundantwetyears.加利福尼亞的積雪量只有正常水平的一半左右，人們擔(dān)心，在經(jīng)歷了一段多雨的時期之后，加州可能會再次出現(xiàn)干旱。【點石成金】本句中，California’smountainsnowpack為主語，謂語動詞為is，about...level為表語，raisingfears作結(jié)果狀語，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明fears。2.JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafiveyeardroughtthathurtthefarmeconomyandturnedforestsintopowderkegsforwildfires.杰瑞·布朗宣布結(jié)束長達(dá)五年的干旱，這場干旱損害了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)，把森林變成了野火的火藥桶?！军c石成金】該句為一個主從復(fù)合句。主句為JerryBrowndeclaredanendtoafiveyeardrought，后面thathurt...wildfires為定語從句，先行詞為drought。探究視角3：思維拓展干旱的原因及預(yù)防從自然因素來說，干旱的發(fā)生主要與偶然性或周期性的降水減少有關(guān)。從人類活動方面來看，人口的大量增加，森林植被遭破壞和水資源浪費(fèi)都是導(dǎo)致干旱發(fā)生的因素。植樹造林，興修水利研究應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和節(jié)水措施都是預(yù)防干旱的有效措施。以下是與干旱有關(guān)的表達(dá)：1.Droughtcanbecausedbynotreceivingrainorsnowoveraperiodoftime.干旱可能是由于在一段時間內(nèi)沒有雨或雪造成的。2.Dryconditionsoftenleadtobrushfiresorwildfires.干燥的環(huán)境通常導(dǎo)致灌木叢火災(zāi)或野火。3.Ofalltheweather-relatedphenomenathatcancausesevereeconomicimpactsintheUnitedStates，droughtscomeinsecondonlytohurricanes.在所有可能對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)造成嚴(yán)重影響的天氣現(xiàn)象中，干旱僅次于颶風(fēng)。4.Droughtiscausedbynotonlylackofprecipitationandhightemperaturesbutbyoveruseofwaterandoverpopulation.造成干旱的原因不僅僅是缺少降水和高溫，還有水資源過度使用和人口過剩。5.Droughtcanbedevastatingtoanarea’seconomyanddangerousforhumanhealth.干旱對一個地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是毀滅性的，對人類健康也來說，也是很危險的。6.Infact，populationboomscantriggerdroughtsalmostbythemselves.事實上，人口激增幾乎可以自行引發(fā)干旱。7.Asthehumanpopulationincreasesinaridregionsaswellaswetones，sowillthedemandforwater，and—withwatersuppliesdroppingatafasterrate—sowillthelikelihoodofdrought.隨著干旱地區(qū)和潮濕地區(qū)人口的增加，對水的需求也會增加，而且隨著水供應(yīng)以更快的速度下降，發(fā)生干旱的可能性就會增加。8.Asidefrom