2024屆高考英語(yǔ)（新高考）壓軸真題專項(xiàng)練習(xí)-閱讀理解CD篇（環(huán)境與保護(hù)類）附答案

2024屆高考英語(yǔ)（新高考通用）壓軸真題專項(xiàng)練習(xí)——閱讀理解CD篇（環(huán)境與保護(hù)類）命題預(yù)測(cè)分析近幾年高考閱讀理解C、D篇可知，高考命題中科普說(shuō)明文一直都是以壓軸題的形式存在，著重考查考生對(duì)于語(yǔ)篇的理解能力以及信息處理能力。題材多樣，語(yǔ)篇主要來(lái)源于英美主流報(bào)刊、雜志和網(wǎng)站。內(nèi)容涉及科技創(chuàng)新發(fā)明、人工智能類、醫(yī)療健身健康類、社會(huì)與文化研究報(bào)告、觀念事理類、環(huán)境與保護(hù)類、動(dòng)植物研究等多種領(lǐng)域，具有較強(qiáng)的思想性、趣味性、實(shí)際功用性和較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代感。從近年全國(guó)卷和各地高考試卷中科普類閱讀命題的統(tǒng)計(jì)來(lái)看，高考閱讀理解科普類文章的理論性和邏輯性強(qiáng)、生詞多、句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。六種命題類型都有所體現(xiàn)。命題尊重語(yǔ)篇的文體特征和行文特點(diǎn)，考查了考生理解說(shuō)明文語(yǔ)篇的能力，以及靈活運(yùn)用各種閱讀策略提取、歸納所讀信息的能力，尤其加大了對(duì)概括能力和推斷能力等高階思維能力的考查。預(yù)測(cè)2024年高考對(duì)于科普說(shuō)明文的考查仍然是重點(diǎn)。高頻考法推理判斷題標(biāo)題歸納題細(xì)節(jié)理解題詞義猜測(cè)題說(shuō)明文基本規(guī)律及解題要領(lǐng)高考中科普類閱讀理解一般不給標(biāo)題，反而經(jīng)常要求考生選擇最佳標(biāo)題。說(shuō)明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主題段，開門見山點(diǎn)明新發(fā)明或研究對(duì)象。背景:交代問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀或研究的起因。主干:部分介紹研究所取得的突破，作者往往會(huì)詳細(xì)介紹研究對(duì)象、研究方法、研究理論或具體的實(shí)驗(yàn)、統(tǒng)計(jì)等過(guò)程。結(jié)尾:通常會(huì)再次對(duì)中心進(jìn)行概括、重述研究成果、預(yù)計(jì)的市場(chǎng)未來(lái)等與主題呼應(yīng)。二、說(shuō)明文的解題技巧1.運(yùn)用語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)（textstructure），了解文章大意科普說(shuō)明文主題鮮明、脈絡(luò)清晰，行文結(jié)構(gòu)模式較為固定。弄清文本結(jié)構(gòu)有助于把握文章主旨和閱讀重點(diǎn)。環(huán)境與保護(hù)類說(shuō)明文通過(guò)描述環(huán)境污染的現(xiàn)狀、成因，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注生活，激發(fā)考生的環(huán)保意識(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)上一般采用上述四個(gè)部分，說(shuō)明手法上常使用以下說(shuō)明方法：描述法（包括舉例子、下定義、列數(shù)據(jù)等）、因果法、問(wèn)題與比較法。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究型文章一般會(huì)以實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程進(jìn)展為線索，多用描述法、問(wèn)題與對(duì)策法等方法，通過(guò)列數(shù)據(jù)、做對(duì)比等來(lái)說(shuō)明新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)及其產(chǎn)生的影響。閱讀時(shí)，首先用略讀法快速瀏覽每段的首尾句，根據(jù)英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文思維模式特征，作者一般都會(huì)開門見山，直奔主題。結(jié)尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并與導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。因此在做主旨大意、寫作意圖和最佳標(biāo)題等題目時(shí)，需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首尾段落里面高頻復(fù)現(xiàn)的詞匯和內(nèi)容。2.定位標(biāo)志詞，分析長(zhǎng)難句，進(jìn)行邏輯推理判斷每一個(gè)問(wèn)題，在原文中，都要有一個(gè)定位。然后精讀，找出那個(gè)標(biāo)志詞或者中心句。根據(jù)題干要求，用查讀法快速定位到相關(guān)段落。再利用標(biāo)志詞所提供的邏輯關(guān)系找到細(xì)節(jié)信息，如列數(shù)據(jù)、舉例子、原因和結(jié)果等。如果句子成分復(fù)雜，有生詞，也不要煩躁退縮，分析主句和從句或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，一些出現(xiàn)在術(shù)語(yǔ)、抽象概念、長(zhǎng)難句前后的同義詞、近義詞等，都是用以理解文章的語(yǔ)境線索。通過(guò)這些對(duì)長(zhǎng)句進(jìn)行層層剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真實(shí)意圖。關(guān)注某人說(shuō)到或推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題某人說(shuō)過(guò)的話，有時(shí)并不是題眼，但可以從側(cè)面或某個(gè)角度來(lái)反映作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是作者想表達(dá)的，正確答案都是和這樣的觀點(diǎn)相一致的。要把握關(guān)鍵詞，有感情色彩的詞。4.關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的邏輯詞說(shuō)明文中常會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞，如however,but,yet,while等。這些詞后面才是作者真正想表達(dá)的意思，常常會(huì)在此處命題。5.熟悉選項(xiàng)設(shè)置規(guī)律，關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)正確選項(xiàng)：文中內(nèi)容的“同義替換”或者“歸納概括”。干擾項(xiàng)：“張冠李戴”、“偷梁換柱”、“無(wú)中生有”和“以偏概全”四種類型。06環(huán)境保護(hù)類1.（2024·河南·一模）“Theeraofglobalwarminghasendedandtheeraofglobalboilinghasarrived,”theUNsecretarygeneral,AntonioGuterres,saidafterscientistsconfirmedJuly2023wastheworld’shottestmonthonrecord.“Humanityisinthehotseat,”GuterrestoldapressconferenceonThursday.“ForvastpartsofNorthAmerica,Asia,AfricaandEurope,itisacruelsummer.Fortheentireplanet,itisadisaster.Andforscientists,itisclearthathumansaretoblame.Climatechangeishere,itisterrifying,anditisjustthebeginning.Theeraofglobalwarminghasended;theeraofglobalboilinghasarrived.”Guterresurgedpoliticianstotakeswiftaction.“Theairisunbreathable,theheatisunbearable,andtheleveloffossilfuelprofitsandclimateinactionisunacceptable.Leadersmustlead.Nomorehesitancy,nomoreexcuses,andnomorewaitingforotherstomovefirst.Thereissimplynomoretimeforthat.”“Itisstillpossibletolimitglobaltemperatureriseto1.5℃andavoidtheveryworstofclimatechangebutonlywithdramatic,immediateclimateaction.Wehaveseensomeprogress,butnoneofthisisgoingfarenoughorfastenough.Acceleratingtemperaturesdemandacceleratedaction.”TheWMOsecretarygeneral,PetteriTaalas,said,“Theneedtoreducegreenhousegasemissionsismoreurgentthaneverbefore.Climateactionisnotaluxurybutamust.”O(jiān)therclimatescientistsconfirmedthefindings.KarstenHausteinatLeipzigUniversityfoundtheworldwas1.5℃hotterinJuly2023thanintheaverageJulybeforeindustrialisation.MarinaRomanello,aclimateandhealthresearcheratUniversityCollegeLondon,said,“Wehavedatashowinghowtheveryfoundationsofhealtharebeingunderminedbyclimatechange.Butwestillhavetimetodaytoturnthetideandtoensurealiveablefutureforusandourchildren.”1．WhatmadeGuterresfeelworried?A．Globaleconomy. B．Naturaldisasters.C．Seriouspollution. D．Risingtemperatures.2．WhydidGutemesusethephrase“globalboiling”?A．Toappealtoquickaction. B．Tochangepeople’sconcept.C．Tofrightenthegeneralpublic. D．Tomakehisreportvivid.3．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Byanalyzingsomefacts. B．Byquotingsomeexperts.C．Byofferingstatistics. D．Bygivingexplanations.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．GlobalBailing:ItIsTimetoAct.B．GlobalBoiling:WhoIstoBlame?C．GlobalBoiling:ItIsn’tThatSeriousD．GlobalBoling:WhatMeasurenShouldBeTaken?【正確答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了“全球沸騰”這一氣候問(wèn)題，并呼吁立即采取行動(dòng)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的““ForvastpartsofNorthAmerica,Asia,AfricaandEurope,itisacruelsummer.Fortheentireplanet,itisadisaster.Andforscientists,itisclearthathumansaretoblame.Climatechangeishere,itisterrifying,anditisjustthebeginning.Theeraofglobalwarminghasended;theeraofglobalboilinghasarrived.”(“對(duì)北美、亞洲、非洲和歐洲的大部分地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)殘酷的夏天。對(duì)整個(gè)地球來(lái)說(shuō)，這都是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。對(duì)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，很明顯，人類應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)。氣候變化就在這里，它很可怕，這只是一個(gè)開始。全球變暖的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束，全球沸騰的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)?！?”可知，古特雷斯對(duì)不斷上升的氣溫感到擔(dān)憂。故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句““Theeraofglobalwarminghasended;theeraofglobalboilinghasarrived.”(“全球變暖的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束，全球沸騰的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)?！?”以及第三段第一句的“Guterresurgedpoliticianstotakeswiftaction.(古特雷斯敦促政界人士迅速采取行動(dòng)。)”可知，古特雷斯使用“全球沸騰”這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)是為了呼吁迅速采取行動(dòng)。故選A。3．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者在前4個(gè)自然段引用古特雷斯關(guān)于“全球沸騰”的講話并敦促政界人士迅速采取行動(dòng)、第五段引用世界氣象組織秘書長(zhǎng)佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯的講話、第六段引用萊比錫大學(xué)的卡斯滕·豪斯坦的講話以及最后一段引用倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院氣候與健康研究員瑪麗娜·羅馬內(nèi)洛的講話可知，作者通過(guò)引用一些專家的話來(lái)展開本文。故選B。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theeraofglobalwarminghasendedandtheeraofglobalboilinghasarrived…(全球變暖的時(shí)代已經(jīng)結(jié)束，全球沸騰的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)……)”可知，本文主要圍繞“全球沸騰”這一問(wèn)題展開，并呼吁立即采取行動(dòng)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)“GlobalBailing:ItIsTimetoAct.(全球救助：是時(shí)候采取行動(dòng)了。)”最能概括本文主旨。故選A。2.（23-24高三·浙江寧波·階段練習(xí)）UsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?FromthewaterrequiredtomaintainthegolfcourseduringTheMasterstournamenttothehundredsofflightsittakestobringfootballfanstoaWorldCup,majorsportseventsarenothelpingmuchinthefightagainstglobalheating.What’smore,thereisalackofrecognitionwithinsportofitsresponsibilitiesandlittlediscussionaboutpossiblesolutions.Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”Globalheatingisnoticeableinothersports.AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.Yetsportcanbeapowerfulmotivator:itcanunitewholenationsbehinditsteams.Couldsporthavearoletoplayindrivingclimateawareness?WillGaddandAmySteelareamongmanyathleteswhothinkso?Onethingiscertain.SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.5．Whatisthemainfocusofthefirstparagraph?A．Whydosportseventsconsumeenergy?B．Howmuchpowerdoathletesgenerate?C．Whatistheenergyimpactofsportsevents?D．HowdidBoltcontributetotheenvironment?6．WhydoesthewriteruseWillGaddandAmySteelasexamples?A．Theyinitiatedeco-friendlysportspractices.B．Theysustainedpermanentinjuriesinsports.C．Theyfellvictimtoclimate-relatedincidents.D．Theyachievedrecord-breakingperformances.7．Whateffectofglobalheatingonsportsismentionedinthetext?A．Stricterfacilityrestrictions. B．Substantialfinanciallosses.C．Higherathletetrainingstandards. D．Prolongedoutdoorsportsseasons.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?.A．SportsintheClimateCrisisB．AthletesagainstGlobalHeatingC．TheImpactofClimateChangeonSportD．TheEnvironmentalCostofOutdoorSports【正確答案】5．C6．C7．B8．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了氣候危機(jī)與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)系，即氣候危機(jī)中的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。5．主旨大意題。由文章第一段“UsainBoltburnedabout10kcalofenergytowinhisgoldduringthe200metrespringfinalattheOlympicGames,whichcouldroughlypoweranold60Wlightbulbfor11minutes.IfyoucouldmakeuseofallthepowergeneratedbyalltheathletesduringtheGames,youwouldstillbenowhereclosetoreachingthe29.5billionWattsconsumedoverallbytheathletes,spectatorsandorganizersovertheevent.Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(在奧運(yùn)會(huì)200米短跑決賽中，尤塞恩·博爾特為贏得金牌消耗了大約10千卡的能量，這些能量大約可以為一個(gè)60瓦的舊燈泡供電11分鐘。如果你能利用所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員在奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間產(chǎn)生的所有能量，你仍然遠(yuǎn)不能達(dá)到運(yùn)動(dòng)員、觀眾和組織者在比賽期間消耗的295億瓦的總能量。我們認(rèn)為體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是理所當(dāng)然的，但我們是否考慮過(guò)它給地球帶來(lái)的代價(jià))”可知，第一段重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的是體育賽事的能量影響。故選C。6．推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Whenice-climberWillGaddsetouttoconquertheworld’sglaciers,hedidn’trealizeitwouldbecomearaceagainstclimatechange.“Ithoughtglaciersarethereforever.”Whenhearrivedatthesummit,Gaddwasshocked:“Theice…wasn’tthere.ThethingsIplannedtoclimbweregone.”(當(dāng)攀巖者威爾·蓋德開始征服世界上的冰川時(shí)，他沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這將成為一場(chǎng)與氣候變化的賽跑?！拔乙詾楸ㄊ怯肋h(yuǎn)存在的?！碑?dāng)他到達(dá)頂峰時(shí)，蓋德震驚了：“冰……不在那里。我計(jì)劃攀登的東西都不見了?！?”以及第四段中“AmySteelplayedprofessionalnetballuntilshesufferedfromheatstrokeafterplayingin39℃conditionsandunfortunately,thedamagewaspermanent.(艾米·斯蒂爾在39℃的環(huán)境下打過(guò)職業(yè)無(wú)擋板籃球，直到中暑才退役，不幸的是，她的傷勢(shì)是永久性的)”可推知，作者使用二人作為例子，是想說(shuō)明氣候?qū)\(yùn)動(dòng)員的影響——他們成了氣候相關(guān)事件的受害者。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中“Notonlythat,butextremeweathereventsmademorefrequentasaresultofglobalheatingmeansportingeventsaremoreoftendelayedorcanceled.Thishascostsportbillionsinpotentialearnings.(不僅如此，由于全球變暖，極端天氣事件更加頻繁，這意味著體育賽事更經(jīng)常被推遲或取消。這讓體育界損失了數(shù)十億美元的潛在收入)”可知，全球變暖造成體育運(yùn)動(dòng)重大財(cái)務(wù)損失。故選B。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Wetakesportforgranted,butdoweeverconsideritscosttotheplanet?(我們認(rèn)為體育運(yùn)動(dòng)是理所當(dāng)然的，但我們是否考慮過(guò)它給地球帶來(lái)的代價(jià))”以及第三段第一句“Thisisstrange,giventhattheeffectworksbothways:theclimatecrisisisnotjustaffectedbysports,butitisalreadyhavinganegativeimpactonmanysports.(這很奇怪，因?yàn)檫@種效應(yīng)是雙向的：氣候危機(jī)不僅受到體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響，而且它已經(jīng)對(duì)許多體育運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響)”，尤其是文章最后一段中“SportmustputclimatechangeatthetopofitsagendaanddecarbonizeataUsainBolt-likepacetomakeadifference.(體育必須把氣候變化放在議程的首位，以尤塞恩·博爾特那樣的速度去碳化，才能有所作為)”可知，本文主要說(shuō)明了氣候危機(jī)與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)系。由此可知，SportsintheClimateCrisis(氣候危機(jī)中的體育運(yùn)動(dòng))適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。3.（23-24高三下·浙江·階段練習(xí)）Plasticiseverywhere,fromtheArcticicetovitalorgansinthehumanbody.Infact,previousestimatessuggestthattheaveragepersonswallowsacreditcard-worthofmicroscopicplasticparticles(顆粒)everyweek.Butnewresearchshowsthatthiscouldactuallybeanunderstatement.Microplasticsareplasticssmallerthan5millimeters,foundinindustrialwaste,beautyproducts,andformedduringthedegradationoflargerplasticpieces.Overtime,theybreakdownintoevensmallernanoplastics.Thesetinyparticlescanpassthroughourintestinesandlungsintoourbloodstreams,reachingvitalorgansliketheheartandbrain.Whiletheideaofeatingplasticisunsettlinginitself,themajorconcernhereisthattheseplasticparticlescontainchemicalsthatcaninterruptourbody’snaturalreleaseofhormones,potentiallyincreasingourriskofreproductivedisordersandcertaincancers.Theycanalsocarrytoxins(毒素)ontheirsurfacelikeheavymetals.Inthepast,researchershaveshownbottledwatercancontaintensofthousandsofidentifiableplasticfragmentsinasinglecontainer.However,untilrecently,onlythelargermicroplasticsweredetectablewithavailablemeasuringtools,leavingtheareaofnanoplasticslargelyamystery.UsingRamanmicroscopy(顯微鏡學(xué)),capableofdetectingparticlesdowntothesizeofafluvirus,theteammeasuredanaverageof240,000particlesofplasticperliterofbottledwater,90percentofwhichwerenanoplastics,arevelation10to100timeslargerthanpreviousestimates.Theseplasticslikelyoriginatefromthebottlematerial,filtersusedto“purify”thewater,andthesourcewateritself.“Itisnottotallyunexpectedtofindsomuchofthisstuff,”thestudy’sleadauthor,ColumbiagraduatestudentNaixinQian,saidinastatement.Histeamhopestoexpandtheirresearchintotapwaterandotherwatersourcestobetterinformourexposuretothesepotentiallydangerousparticles.“Theideaisthatthesmallerthingsget,themoreofthemIreveal,”headded.9．Whatistheprimaryfocusofthenewresearch?A．Thepresenceofplasticparticles. B．Theuseofplasticineverydayproducts.C．Thedetectionmethodsformicroplastics. D．Thepotentialrisksofnanoplasticstohuman.10．WhatistheadvantageofRamanmicroscopy?A．Findingthesourceofplasticparticles. B．Helpingtocurethedeadlyfluvirus.C．Detectingthesmallerplasticparticles. D．Improvingthequalityofbottledwater.11．Whywilltheteamexpandtheirresearchintotapwater?A．Tofocusonareaswithhigherplasticpollution.B．Tobeawareofthedangerousparticlesindailylife.C．Tofurthermeasurethetypesofparticlesintapwater.D．Todetectthesmallerplasticparticlesinindustrialareas.12．WhatisQian’sattitudetowardshisresearch?A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive.【正確答案】9．D10．C11．B12．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示微塑料和納米塑料對(duì)人體健康的潛在影響。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whiletheideaofeatingplasticisunsettlinginitself,themajorconcernhereisthattheseplasticparticlescontainchemicalsthatcaninterruptourbody’snaturalreleaseofhormones,potentiallyincreasingourriskofreproductivedisordersandcertaincancers.Theycanalsocarrytoxins(毒素)ontheirsurfacelikeheavymetals.(雖然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的擔(dān)憂是，這些塑料顆粒含有的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)中斷我們身體自然釋放的激素，可能會(huì)增加我們患生殖障礙和某些癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。它們的表面也會(huì)攜帶重金屬等毒素。)”可知，新研究的焦點(diǎn)是納米塑料對(duì)人體可能造成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“UsingRamanmicroscopy(顯微鏡學(xué)),capableofdetectingparticlesdowntothesizeofafluvirus,theteammeasuredanaverageof240,000particlesofplasticperliterofbottledwater,90percentofwhichwerenanoplastics,arevelation10to100timeslargerthanpreviousestimates.(利用拉曼顯微鏡，能夠檢測(cè)到流感病毒大小的顆粒，研究小組測(cè)量到每升瓶裝水中平均有24萬(wàn)個(gè)塑料顆粒，其中90%是納米塑料，比之前估計(jì)的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼顯微鏡學(xué)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是能夠檢測(cè)到非常小的塑料顆粒。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Histeamhopestoexpandtheirresearchintotapwaterandotherwatersourcestobetterinformourexposuretothesepotentiallydangerousparticles.(他的團(tuán)隊(duì)希望將他們的研究擴(kuò)展到自來(lái)水和其他水源，以更好地了解我們接觸這些潛在危險(xiǎn)顆粒的情況。)”可以推斷出，研究小組將研究擴(kuò)展到自來(lái)水等其他水源是為了讓人們意識(shí)到在日常生活中面臨的顆粒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Qian的話“Itisnottotallyunexpectedtofindsomuchofthisstuff(發(fā)現(xiàn)這么多這種東西并不完全出乎意料)”及“Theideaisthatthesmallerthingsget,themoreofthemIreveal(我的想法是，東西越小，我揭示的東西就越多)”可知他并不對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究對(duì)象越小，揭示的就會(huì)越多，因此可以推斷出Qian對(duì)他的研究持積極態(tài)度。故選D。4.（2024·貴州·二模）Manyofthenegativeimpactshumanshaveontheenvironmentarevisibletothenakedeye.Trashwashesuponourbeaches,theicecapsarevisiblyshrinking,andsmogdarkensourskies.Butsomeenvironmentalthreat,suchasmicroplastics,arenearlyinvisible.TheU.S.NationalOceanic&AtmosphericAdministrationclassifiesmicroplasticsasanypieceofplasticlessthanfivemillimeters.Someareassmallasthreemicrons—halfthesizeofaredbloodcell.Thiscomesfromavarietyofsources,includingthemicrobeadsfoundincosmetics,paint,tiredust,industrialwaste,andclothing.Thesetinyfragmentscanbecomefixedinanimals’tissuethroughtakingfoodorbreathing.Variousmarinespecies,suchasdeposit-feedinglugworms,areshowntohavemicroplasticsintheirintestinaltracts(腸道).Theproductionanddisposalofmicroplastics,amongotherunawareactionsbyhumans,haveplayedasignificantroleinboostingtheworseningofmarineecosystems.Butmicroplasticsarenotjustaproblemformarinelife.Humansareconsumingthemtoo,sometimesthrougheatingseafoodcontainingmicroplastics.Microplasticsalsorununcontrollablyindrinkingwater.A2017investigationbyOrbMedia,whichlookedattapwatersamplesfromoveradozencountries,foundthat83percentofthesampleswerecontaminatedwithplasticfibers.Oncetaken,mostofthemicroplasticsstayinoursystemsforever,andlittleisknownabouttheirlongtermimpactonourhealth.Microplasticpollutionisnotaneasyproblemtodealwith,buttherearesmallchangesthatyoucanmaketoreduceyourcontributiontotheproblem.Onestrategyistostopfibersbeforetheyenterthewastewaterstream.PatagoniaannouncedthatitwillselltheGuppyFriend,abagthatyoucanplaceclothinginbeforetossingitintothewash,whichwillpreventthefibersfrombeingflushedaway.Youcanalsoavoidbuyinganyfacialscrubs(面部磨砂膏)thatuseplasticmicrobeads.Lastly,youcanreduceyourplasticconsumptionandwastealtogetherbybuyingreusablewaterbottlesandgrocerybags,andbeingsuretoalwaysrecycleanyplasticsyoucomeacross.13．Whydidtheauthormentionthenegativeimpactsvisibletothenakedeye?A．ToblamepeoplefortheirbehaviorsB．Toshowthenotablethreatsonearth.C．Tostresstheurgencyofecologyprotection.D．Tointroducethehiddendangersofmicroplastics.14．Whatdoweknowaboutmicroplasticsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyaresosmallthatcanbeignored. B．Theyareproducedbyhumandeliberately.C．Theyhavealastingeffectonpeople’sbody. D．Theygainattentionforthebadinfluence.15．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Topromotethesalesofanewtypeofbag.B．Togivewaystoreducemicroplasticpresence.C．Totellhowtoreducewasteandconsumption.D．Tostatethedifficultiesofdecreasingmicroplastics.16．Whichstatementisconsistentwiththeideaconveyedinthispassage?A．Manyhandsmakelightwork. B．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Practicemakesperfect.【正確答案】13．A14．B15．C16．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了微塑料的危害。13．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Manyofthenegativeimpactshumanshaveontheenvironmentarevisibletothenakedeye.

Trashwashesuponourbeaches,theicecapsarevisiblyshrinking,andsmogdarkensourskies.

Butsomeenvironmentalthreat,suchasmicroplastics,arenearlyinvisible.(人類對(duì)環(huán)境的許多負(fù)面影響是肉眼可見的。垃圾被沖到我們的海灘上，冰蓋明顯縮小，煙霧使我們的天空變暗。但是一些環(huán)境威脅，比如微塑料，幾乎是看不見的。)”可知，作者提到肉眼可見的負(fù)面影響是為了引出微塑料的隱患。故選D。14．推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Oncetaken,mostofthemicroplasticsstayinoursystemsforever,andlittleisknownabouttheirlongtermimpactonourhealth.(一旦攝入，大多數(shù)微塑料會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)留在我們的身體系統(tǒng)中，人們對(duì)它們對(duì)我們健康的長(zhǎng)期影響知之甚少。)”可知，它們對(duì)人的身體有持久的影響。故選C。15．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Microplasticpollutionisnotaneasyproblemtodealwith,buttherearesmallchangesthatyoucanmaketoreduceyourcontributiontotheproblem.Onestrategyistostopfibersbeforetheyenterthewastewaterstream.PatagoniaannouncedthatitwillselltheGuppyFriend,abagthatyoucanplaceclothinginbeforetossingitintothewash,whichwillpreventthefibersfrombeingflushedaway.Youcanalsoavoidbuyinganyfacialscrubs(面部磨砂膏)thatuseplasticmicrobeads.Lastly,youcanreduceyourplasticconsumptionandwastealtogetherbybuyingreusablewaterbottlesandgrocerybags,andbeingsuretoalwaysrecycleanyplasticsyoucomeacross.(微塑料污染不是一個(gè)容易處理的問(wèn)題，但你可以做一些小的改變來(lái)減少你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的貢獻(xiàn)。一種策略是在纖維進(jìn)入廢水流之前阻止它們。巴塔哥尼亞宣布將出售GuppyFriend，這是一種袋子，你可以把衣服放在里面，然后把它扔進(jìn)洗衣機(jī)，這樣可以防止纖維被沖走。你也可以避免購(gòu)買任何使用塑料微珠的磨砂膏。最后，你可以通過(guò)購(gòu)買可重復(fù)使用的水瓶和購(gòu)物袋來(lái)減少塑料的消耗和浪費(fèi)，并確保總是回收你遇到的任何塑料。)”可知，最后一段的目的是提供減少微塑料存在的方法。故選B。16．推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Microplasticpollutionisnotaneasyproblemtodealwith,buttherearesmallchangesthatyoucanmaketoreduceyourcontributiontotheproblem.(微塑料污染不是一個(gè)容易處理的問(wèn)題，但你可以做一些小的改變來(lái)減少你對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的貢獻(xiàn)。)”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)大家的參與，會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。所以選項(xiàng)A與這段話中傳達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)一致。故選A。5.（23-24高三下·山東·開學(xué)考試）DoyouknowhowmuchIndiastrugglestogatherthewasteplasticwaterbottles?AccordingtoaCentralPollutionControlBoard(CPCB)reportfrom2012,Indiagenerates15,000tonnesofplasticsaday,ofwhichthegatheredonesonlyachieve60%.Thetrashed-but-not-gatheredplasticwasteleadstolandandwaterpollution.posingseriousthreattotheenvironment.Afterseeingthat,AnkurChawla,adrinkexpert,undertookresearchtofindasolution,afterwhichherealisedthebiggestproblemthecountryfacedwasdisposingofplasticwaste.Toaddressit,hewantedtocomeupwithasolutionwheretheydonotaddtotheproblemofwaste.Fortunately,Ankurwasnotalone.HemetBhriguSethwhowasintogreenfarming.Bothofthemfoundthattheysharedacommongoalanditdidn’ttakelongforthemtodraftaplanofaction.Itisestimatedthatover90percentofaluminium(鋁)drinkcansinIndiaarerecycled.Instead,70percentofthecansaremanufacturedthroughrecycledwaste.Aftergoingthroughchallengesathand,thepairmadeuptheirminds.Beforetakingthenextstep.bothco-foundersvisitedfive-starhotelsandtooksamplesofwaterinaluminiumcans,askingthemwhethertheywouldgiveitashotifsomethinglikethatcomesinthemarket.Thepairreceivedanoverwhelminglypositiveresponse.TheythendeterminedtolaunchResponsibleWhatr,naturalspringwaterdrinkpackedinanaluminiumcantosolvetheproblemofwasteplasticwaterbottles.AsoneofIndia’sfirstnaturalspringwaterdrink,ResponsibleWhatrofferedanenvironmentallyfriendlyandendlesslyrecyclablealuminiumcan.It’sanon-alcoholicdrinkthatwaslaunchedwithavisionforaneco-friendlyfutureandanagendatoreducesingle-useplasticpollution.Goingforward,AnkurandBhriguaimtocooperatewithairportsandecommercegateswhichwouldhelpthemindirectlyreachingthehomesofhighnetworthindividuals(HNIs).TheyalsoplantotieupwithcorporatefirmsandcinemahallsandjoinhandswithNGOsthatarefightingfortheconservationofbeachesandoceans.17．WhatinspiredAnkurtoconducthisresearch?A．Plasticsremainedthemajorbottlematerial.B．Uncollectedplasticscausedseverepollution.C．Plasticsaccountedformostofthedailywaste.D．Theamountofplasticwastewasbeyondcontrol.18．WhatwasAnkurandBhrigu’ssolutiontotheproblem?A．Creatinganewpackagingdesign. B．Developinganalternativetoplastics.C．Launchingarubbishsortingprogram. D．Increasingtherecyclingofplasticcans.19．WhatwasResponsibleWhatraimedat?A．Removingplasticpollution. B．Promotingaluminiumcans.C．Advertisingnon-alcoholicdrinks. D．Advocatingasustainableapproach.20．HowdoAnkurandBhriguplantoexpandtheirmarket?A．BycooperatingwithNHIs. B．Byintroducingnewproducts.C．BytargetingprofitableNGOs. D．Byestablishingdiversechannels.【正確答案】17．B18．B19．D20．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了Ankur和Bhrigu為了解決印度塑料污染嚴(yán)重，回收率低的問(wèn)題推出了鋁罐飲料，并致力于通過(guò)多種渠道來(lái)擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)的故事。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thetrashed-but-not-gatheredplasticwasteleadstolandandwaterpollution.posingseriousthreattotheenvironment.”（這些被丟棄但未被收集的塑料垃圾導(dǎo)致了土地和水污染。對(duì)環(huán)境構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅。）及第二段第一句“Afterseeingthat,AnkurChawla,adrinkexpert,undertookresearchtofindasolution”（看到這種情況后，飲料專家AnkurChawla開始研究尋找解決方案）可知，AnkurChawla看到未收集的塑料造成了嚴(yán)重的污染，所以決定進(jìn)行研究，尋找解決方案。故選B項(xiàng)。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“Itisestimatedthatover90percentofaluminiumdrinkcansinIndiaarerecycled.”（據(jù)估計(jì)，印度超過(guò)90%的鋁飲料罐被回收利用。）及第三段最后一句“TheythendeterminedtolaunchResponsibleWhatr,naturalspringwaterdrinkpackedinanaluminiumcantosolvetheproblemofwasteplasticwaterbottles.”（為了解決廢舊塑料水瓶的問(wèn)題，他們決定推出ResponsibleWhatr，這是一種用鋁罐包裝的天然泉水飲料。）可知，他們推出了用鋁罐包裝的飲料來(lái)代替塑料瓶，因?yàn)殇X罐回收利用率高，以此來(lái)解決廢舊塑料水瓶污染的問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Whatrofferedanenvironmentallyfriendlyandendlesslyrecyclablealuminiumcan.It’sanon-alcoholicdrinkthatwaslaunchedwithavisionforaneco-friendlyfutureandanagendatoreducesingle-useplasticpollution.”（Whatr提供了一種環(huán)保且可無(wú)限回收的鋁罐。這是一款無(wú)酒精飲料，它的推出是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)友好的未來(lái)，并提出減少一次性塑料污染的議程。）可知，ResponsibleWhatr致力于倡導(dǎo)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)生態(tài)友好的未來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Goingforward,AnkurandBhriguaimtocooperatewithairportsandecommercegateswhichwouldhelpthemindirectlyreachingthehomesofhighnetworthindividuals(HNIs).TheyalsoplantotieupwithcorporatefirmsandcinemahallsandjoinhandswithNGOsthatarefightingfortheconservationofbeachesandoceans.”（展望未來(lái)，Ankur和Bhrigu的目標(biāo)是與機(jī)場(chǎng)和電子商務(wù)門戶合作，這將幫助他們直接到達(dá)高凈值個(gè)人的家中。他們還計(jì)劃與公司和電影院合作，并與為保護(hù)海灘和海洋而戰(zhàn)的非政府組織攜手合作。）可知，他們計(jì)劃通過(guò)多種渠道，尋求廣泛合作來(lái)擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。6.（23-24高三·河北石家莊·階段練習(xí)）Haze(薄霧)andsmokefromhundredsofCanadianwildfirescoveredmostoftheUSNortheastforasecondday—Wednesday,withNewYorkCityexperiencingtheworld’sworstairqualityoverthelasttwodays.NewYork,theBigApplebecametheBigOrangebymiddayWednesdayastheskyoverthenation’slargestcityfellintoadeephazyorange.StreetsinManhattanarelikewhattheywerelikeduringthepandemic(流行病)asresidentsagainworemasksandcaredforwarningsfromhealthofficialsabouttheimpactofPM2.5,whichcanleadtorespiratory(呼吸的)illnesses.NewYorkGovernorKathyHochulsaidonWednesdaythatthestatewasmakingonemillionN95masksavailabletothepublic.Appr