外研版初二(上)英語第12講：Module-6語法篇(教師版)

Module6語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟練掌握本模塊語法知識(shí)。1.形容詞變成副詞的規(guī)律。一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞。例如：quick—quickly,slow—slowly,loud—loudly,sudden—suddenly等。特殊情況：構(gòu)成方法例子一些以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，要把y改為i再加-ly。happy—happily,angry—angrily有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e加-y。

possible—possiblyterrible—terribly少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly。但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。true—trulypolite—politelywide—widely以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)仍然要在詞尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y。careful—carefullyuseful—usefullyfull—fully溫馨提示：副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞這一點(diǎn)。如：Heisvery________(careful).Hedoeseverything________(carefully)第一句中是作表語，用形容詞careful；第二句中修飾行為動(dòng)詞does用副詞carefully。?？嫉男稳菰~和副詞辨析有：hard努力——hardly幾乎不；late遲的，晚的——lately近來；deep深——deeply深深地；near靠近——nearly差不多；wide寬——widely廣泛地；high高的——highly高度地；close靠近的——closely密切地；free免費(fèi)的——freely自由地。2．-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞的區(qū)別。-ing形容詞-ed形容詞例句interesting有趣的

interested感興趣的Ihaveaninterestingbook.Heisinterestedinscience.exciting令人興奮的

excited感到興奮的

Haveyouheardoftheexcitingnews？Weareexcitedaboutthetraveling.moving令人感動(dòng)的

moved受感動(dòng)的

Titanicisamovingfilm.WearemovedbyHongZhanhuideeply.表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾事物。

表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語一般是人，常用于“sb.+-ed形容詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。Weareallinterestedintheinterestingstory.

3．復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式。（1）不定式的基本形式是“to＋動(dòng)詞原形”，或省略to用動(dòng)詞原形。在句中使用時(shí)不能作謂語，但可以和自己的賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語。e.g.ThemotherwantshertoreadEnglisheveryday.母親要她的兒子每天讀英語。Mymotheraskedmenottoreadinbed.我的母親要求我不要躺在床上看書。（2）不定式的句法作用：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，它可以作賓語、賓補(bǔ)和狀語。①作賓語e.g.Hewantstogooutwithher.他想和她一起出去。（wanttodosth.意為“想要做某事”）注意：a.一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望，如：wouldlike,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。e.g.Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening？你今晚想去看電影嗎？b.在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。e.g.IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很簡(jiǎn)單。②作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，它與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。e.g.Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露絲要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。(他關(guān)小收音機(jī))注意：動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞make,let和感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear,feel等詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常省去不定式符號(hào)to。hadbetter,wouldrather后的不定式也不帶to，help后的不定式可帶to，也可不帶to。e.g.Hermothermakesherdohomeworkeveryevening.她母親要她每天晚上都寫作業(yè)。Let’sseethedolphins.我們?nèi)タ春ｋ喟?。Ihearhersingeveryday.我聽見她每天都唱歌。You’dbetterdohomeworkfirst.你最好先做作業(yè)。但make,see,hear等詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，其后的不定式要帶to。e.g.ShewasheardtospeakEnglish.有人聽到她說英語。③作目的狀語，表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的，常常翻譯成“為了……”。它可置于句首或者句末。為了使目的意義更加清楚或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義時(shí)，還可以在前面加inorderto或soasto。e.g.Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王女士去上?？赐呐畠?。Toarriveintime,we’llstartearly.為了及時(shí)到達(dá)，我們將早出發(fā)。Weshouldworkhardinordertopasstheexam.=Weshouldworkhardsoastopasstheexam.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)以便我們能通過考試。1.Tomstudies________buthissister________studies.A．hard，hardB．hardly，hardlyC．hard，hardlyD．hardly，hard2.—Whatdidthedoctortellyoujustnow?—Hetoldme________lessand________more.A.eat;tosleep B.toeat;sleepC.toeat;sleeping D.eating;sleeping3.Shewasmade______thehouseworkeveryday.do B.todoC.doing D.did4.________thetrain,wegotupearlyandbookedataxiinadvance.catch B.tocatchC.catching D.caught5.Ithinkitmeaningful_______learnEnglish.A.learn B.learningC.tolearn D.learned解析：1.本題考查hard和hardly的區(qū)別，通常我們會(huì)認(rèn)為hard的副詞是hardly，事實(shí)上hard既是adj.又是adv.，而hardly是另外一個(gè)adv.，中文是“幾乎不……”。hard作為adv.時(shí)，通常在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后，而hardly通常在動(dòng)詞之前，譯這句中文“Tom學(xué)習(xí)努力，而他的妹妹則幾乎不學(xué)習(xí)?！蓖痹~意義有別的，故選C。2本題考查tellsbtodosth,故選B。3本題考查make,see,hear等詞在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，其后的不定式要帶to故選B。4本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的，常常翻譯成“為了……”。，故選B。5本題考查在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末，故選C?；A(chǔ)演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ihope_____(see)hersoon.2.Sportshelp______(keep)peoplehealthy.3.Iexcept_______(enter)graduateschoolinthefall.4.Hecan’tdecidewhen_______(start).5.Ifounditdifficult_______(work)outthematchproblem.6.Thefirstman______(come)wasanoldman.7.Iaskedhim_______(show)methenewdictionary.8.Hepromised_______(nottell)anyoneaboutit.

1.tosee

2.tokeep

3.toenter

4.tostart

5.towork

6.tocome

7.toshow

8.nottotell

鞏固提高1.–WhatdoesJohndoonthefarm?--Oh,hisjobis_______theanimals.A.tofeed B.feedC.tofeeding D.feeds2.Iwasexcited_______frommycousin,LinLi.A.hearing B.hearC.tohear D.heard3.Thestudentshadmanybooksaboutanimalsto_______.A.see B.lookatC.read D.visit4.Heismakingaposter________peoplefromkillingtherareanimals.A.tofeed B.tostopC.tosee D.toshow5.Youdon’tneed__________everynewwordinyourdictionarywhilereading.A.tolookfor B.tolookatC.tolookafter D.tolookup6.Thedifficultyis_________the________ofrareanimals.A.stop,kill B.tostop,killingC.stop,killing D.tostop,kill7.Thetigersgoout______theirfoodwhentheyarehungry.A.tolook B.tolookforC.tofind D.tofindout

8.Ithink________isinterestingtohaveatalkwiththefamousmanonTV.A.that B.thisC.it D.Its9.It’sverykindofhim________mewithmyEnglish.A.helps B.tohelpC.helping D.helpIfeelabitcold.TellKate________thewindows.A.nottoopen B.tonotopenC.don’topen D.notopen答案：ACCBDBBCBA一．根據(jù)句意用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ineed___________(clean)myhousethisafternoon.2.Peterpaidsomemoney___________(get)thatbasketball.3.Doyouthinkwhatwecando___________(save)theanimals?4.It’simportant___________(learn)Chinesewell.5.___________(catch)thebus,Davidhadhisbreakfastquickly.答案：1.toclean2.toget3.tosave4.tolearn5.Tocatch二．選擇填空。1.Theteachertoldthem________makesomuchnoise.A.don’t B.not C.willnot D.notto2.Ourmasteroftentoldus_______thingsforgranted.A.nottohave B.nottotake C.didn’ttake D.nottomake3.Tellhim_______thewindow.A.toshutnot B.nottoshut C.tonotshut D.notshut4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoit D.donotto5.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating6.Theworkerswantus________togetherwiththem.A.work B.working C.towork D.worked7.I’mhungry.Getmesomething_________.A.eat B.toeat C.eating D.foreating8.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---Whynot_______byboatforachange?A.totrygoing B.tryingtogoC.totryandgo D.trygoing9.Johnwasmade_______thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashing10.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning答案：DBBACCBDAB三.完形填空。

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、c、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Once,inasmallvillage,livedafamilywitheightchildren.Twoofthechildrenloved

1

verymuch,butthefamilywassopoorthatitwasimpossibletosend

2

ofthemtostudyattheartcollegeatthesametime.Aftermanydiscussions,thetwoboysfinally

3

aplan.Theywouldtoss(拋)acoin.Theloserwouldgo

4

intothemines(煤礦)and,withhisearnings(賺得的錢),

5

hisbrotherstudyingatthecollege.Then,whenthebrotherwhowonthetossfinishedhisstudies,afterfouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherstudyingatthe

6

JameswonthetossandJackwentdownintothemines.Jamesworkedwithallhisheartandhispaintingsweremuch

7

thanthoseofmostofhisteachers,andbythetimehe

8

,hewasbeginningtomakealotofmoneyforhispaintings.

9

Jamesreturned,thefamilyheldabigdinnerforhisgreatsuccess.Soonafterthemealbegan,James

10

upfromhisseattodrinkatoast(舉杯祝酒)tohisdear

11

Hesaid,"Jack,nowyoucangototheartcollegeandyour

12

willcometrue.Iwilltakecareofyou."

ButJacksaid

13

,"Brother,thefouryearsinthemineshasdonetoomuchtomyhands,soit'stoo

14

NowIcan'tevenholdaglass."

Toshowhisgreatloveandrespect,Jamesdrewhisbrother'shandswith

15

towardsthesky.

Hecalledhisdrawing"ThePrayingHands",whichbecameveryfamousyearslater.

1.A.painting

B.books

C.school

D.money2.A.any

B.all

C.both

D.neither3.A.lookedout

B.workedout

C.tookout

D.gotout4.A.off

B.away

C.up

D.down5.A.support

B.agree

C.follow

D.let6.A.home

B.mine

C.college

D.school7.A.better

B.worse

C.cheaper

D,older8.A.arrived

B.graduated

C.walked

D.waited9.A.Before

B.When

C.Though

D.While10.A.picked

B.turned

C.looked

D.stood11.A.brother

B.sister

C.father

D.mother12.A.way

B.idea

C.dream

D.practice13.A.happily

B.surprisedly

C.angrily

D.softly14.A.early

B.late

C.good

D.helpful15.A.legs

B.feet

C.arms

D.fingers

【答案】1.

A

2.

C

3.

B

4.

D

5.A6.C

7.A

8.B

9.B

10.D

11.A

12.C

13.D

14.B

15.D__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2014年外研版八年級(jí)上期末測(cè)試題）BooksInformationLittleBullAuthor:EllenjamesMainidea:Thebooktellsushowthelovely250-poundbabyelephantlearnsabouttheworldaroundhimPrice:24.0yuanTheTroublewithTeachersAuthor:BarbaraCalamariMainidea:Angelahasfoundherselfintroubleagainatschoolwithherteachers.SheandherfriendsGinaandJohnnywillbepunished.Price:15.0yuanI'veGotaSecretAuthor:CathyWestMainidea:Nine-year-oldMichellegotanewhot-pinknotebookasabirthdaygiftandshebegantokeepadiaryeveryday.Price:30.0yuanMissNobodyAuthor:TomekTryznaMainidea:Attheageoffifteen,Mary-siamoveswithherparentstothenearestbigcity.Thenshemeetstwogirls,KasiaandEva,andtheybegintoteachherthesecretsoflife.Price:33.0yuan1.WhoistheauthorofthebookLittleBull?A．EllenJames. B．BarbaraCalamari.C．CathyWest. D．TomekTryzna.2．HowmuchdoesthebookTheTroublewithTeacherscostyou?A．24.0yuan. B．33.0yuan. C．30.0yuan. D．15.0yuan.3．Whichbookshouldyoubuyifyouwanttoknowaboutakindofanimal?A．I'veGotaSecret. B．TheTroublewithTeachers.C．LittleBull. D．MissNobody.4．CathyWest'sbookis______yuancheaperthanTomekTryzna's.A．four B．threeC．two D．one5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetable?A．Thebookwiththepriceof30.0yuantellsushowtokeepadiary.B．BarbaraCalamari'sbooktellsusthestoryinAngela'shome.C．MissNobodyisaboutafifteen-year-oldgirl.D．Ifyoupay20.0yuan,youcanbuytwobooksabove.ADCBCAWeallknowthegiraffesarethetallestlivinganimalsonland.Butdoyouwanttolearnmoreaboutthem?Letmetellyou.GiraffesliveinAfrica.Theyhaveaverylongneck.Agiraffecanbemorethan18feettall.Agiraffehasfourlong,thinlegs.Thefrontlegsarelongerthanthebacklegs.Itcanrunabout50kilometreseachhour.Agiraffeisprobablyfamousforitslongneck.Itcanreachtheleavesatthetopofthetrees.Agiraffecanlivefor20—25yearsinthewild,andoftenlongeratzoos.Anadult(成年的)giraffeeatsupto140poundsoffoodeachday.Agiraffespendsmostofadayeatinganditgetsjustafewleavesonce.Iteatsleavesontalltrees,tallbushesandtallgrasstoo.Butitsfavouritefoodisleavesontheacaciatrees(金合歡樹).Acacialeavescontainalotofwater,soagiraffecangoalongtimewithoutdrinking.1.Whatdoesagiraffelooklike?A.Itisthesecondtallestlivinganimalonland.B.Ithasalongneckandfourlong,thinlegs.C.Itcanlivefor20—25yearsinthewild.D.Itcanrunabout50kilometreseachhour.2.Agiraffeiswell-knownbecauseof_________.A.itsfrontlegsB.itsspeed(速度)C.itsneckD.itsfood3.Whatfooddoesagiraffelikebest?A.Leavesoftheacaciatrees.B.Greengrass.C.Tallbushes.D.Littleanimals.4.Whydoesn’tagiraffedrinkwaterforalongtime?A.It’sananimalofthedesert.B.Itlivesinthegrassland.C.It’sananimallikeacamel.D.Itsfoodcontainssomewater.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AgiraffeisananimalfromEurope.B.Agiraffe’sfrontlegsarelongerthanthebacklegs.C.Ittakesagiraffelotsoftimetoeatfood.D.Agiraffeinthewildcanliveforover20years.BCADABDoyouknowwhydifferentanimalsorinsects(昆蟲)havetheirspecialcolours?Coloursareusedmainlytoprotectthemselves.Whycan’tsomebirdseasilycatchlocusts(蝗蟲)?Itisbecauselocustschangetheircolourstogetherwiththechangeofthecoloursofcrops(莊稼)．Whencropsaregreen,locustslookgreen.Butasautumncomes,locustschangetothesamebrowncolourascropshave.Someotherinsectswithdifferentcoloursfromplantsareeasilyfoundandeatenbyothers.Sotheyhavetohidethemselvesforlivesinthedayandappearonlyatnight.Ifyo