溫度傳感器信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)-英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

溫度傳感器信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)-英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯ResearchofIntelligentGasDetectingSystemDetectingsysteminthispaperadoptssingle-chipmicrocomputerascontrolcomputer;theoverallschematicdiagramofsystemisshowninFigure1.Thereasonforselectingsingle-chipmicrocomputerasacontrolcoreisthatitpossessesadvantagesofsmallsize,highreliability,lowpricewhichmadeitverysuitabletobeusedinindustriesofintelligentinstrumentandrealtimecontrol.TheoperatinginterfaceofsystemisshowninFigure1.Numberatupperrightcornershowsthedefaultoruser-definedgasconcentrationvalue,numberatupperleftcornershowsdetectedgasconcentrationvalue.Onealarmlampisequipped.Allfunctionsarecontrolledbykeysarrangedonthecontrolpanel,includingPOWERkey,RESETkey,DATACOLLECTIONkey.Otherkeysincludingtennumberkeys,ADJUSTVALUEkeyandENTERkeyareusedtochangethresholdvaluesFig.1TheoperatinginterfaceofsystemBasicoperatingproceduresareasfollows:FirstlypressPOWERkey,thesysteminitialized.PressDATACOLLECTIONkey,LEDatupperrightcornerdisplaysthethresholdvalue1.00;UsercancustomizedthresholdvaluebypressADJUSTVALUEkeyandtennumberkeys,thenpressENTERtoconfirmthechange.SystemstartstodetectgasconcentrationanddisplaytheseparametersonupperleftLEDarea,atmeantimetransmitreal-timedatabyRS-485tohostcomputeraboveground.TheHardwarearchitectureofsystemmainlyincludingmaincontrolunit,sensorsandsignalamplifiercircuit,A/Dconvertermodule,sound-lightalarmingcircuit,keyboardanddisplaymodule,serial-communicationmodule.Featuredbyhighintegrationlevel,smallsizeandlowprices,Singlechipmicrocomputerhasbeenwidelyusedinabroadrangeofindustrialapplicationsincludingprocesscontrolling,datacollection,electromechanicalintegration,intelligentinstrument,householdappliancesandnetworktechnology,andsignificantlyimprovedthedegreeoftechnologyandautomation.Fig.2MaincontrolunitTwofactorsaretakenintoaccounthereinchipselecting,firstoneisanti-interferenceability,increasetheinterferencesinSCMapplicationsystems,sotheSCMmusthavehighresistancetooutsideinterference;secondoneistheperformance-priceratiooftheSCM.Consideringtheaforementionedfactors,weadoptedtheAT89S52developedbyATMELasmaincontrolunit,andthefinalschemeofmaincontrolcircuitconsistsofAT89S52,timerandresetcircuit.Acrucialissueingasdetectingsystemdesignishowtoselectgassensors.Commongassensorsaremetaloxidesemiconductorsuchastinoxide,zincoxide,Theprimaryfunctionsofthesoftwarecontrolsystemincludingsysteminitializing,thresholdvaluesetting,methanegasconcentrationdatacollectinganddisplaying,serialcommunicationsetc.Toachievetheabovefunctions,wedevelopedserialprogramsusing51serialsmicrocontrollerassembleprogramlanguageincludingmainprogram,keyboardscanningprogram,A/Dconverterprogram,alarmingprogram,serialcommunicationsprogram,datadisplayprogram,systemalarmingdiagnosisprogram,double-bytemultiplyprogram,triple-bytetobinary-coded-decimalprogramandwatchingdogprogram.Thesystemiscomprisedofmanymodules,Owingtolimitedspaceweintroducemainprogramonly.mainprograminitializingsinglechipmicrocomputer’sregistersandI/Oports,thenscanningkeyboardtoseeifthedatacollectionkeyispressed,ifno,keepscanningkeyboarduntildatacollectionkeyispressed.Whenthecollectionkeyispresseddown,defaultthresholdvalue1.00isshownonthepanel,ifuserwantstoresetthresholdvalue,justpresstheADJUSTVALUEkeytosetanewvalue,andpressENTERkeytofinishthisstep.WhenENTERkeyispressed,systemstarttheoperatingofdatacollectionandA/Dconversion,thentransmittheconverteddataintobinaryformatbycallingasubprogramofdouble-bytemultiply.Weneedthreestorageunitstoholdthesedatabecausetheyare24bitsdatainbinaryformat.Next,systemwilltransmitthesebinaryformatdataintobinary-coded-decimalformatbycallingasubprogramoftriple-bytetobinary-coded-decimal.Inthelaststep,comparingthevaluewithpre-setthresholdvaluetodecideifthesystemshouldsendanalarmsignal.Inthemeantime,thesedatawillbesendingtohostcomputerabovegroundthroughRS-485serialcommunicationsunit.Still,thesystemwillsendapositivepulsetoresetthewatchdogtimerevery1.6sec.theCrystalOscillatorfrequencyoftheSCMadoptedinthissystemis12MHZ,withtimer/counterTO,workinginmode1(16bittimer/counter),itsmaximaltimingintervalisabout66ms,sothesystemwillsendafeedingdogsignaltowatchdogcircuitevery66ms.Inthisstudy,anintelligentgasdetectingsystemispresented.Itcanbeusedtoreal-timemonitoringthemethanegasconcentration.Themeasuringscopeofthissystemrangefromzeroto2percent,thesensitivityofthesensorreachto0.01percent.Itisequippedwiththequickspeedandhighperformance12-bitA/Dconverter,theoperatingenvironmenttemperaturerangedfrom-20℃～+70℃.Stillthissystemfeatureswithhighreliability,easytooperate,highperformance-priceratio.Inthispaper,thetotalplanandsoftwareandhardwaredesignofagasdetectingsystemarepresented,byusingProteustotesthardwarecircuitandusingKeiltotestassemblelanguagesourceprogram,thesimulationtestresultshowsthissystemisofhighaccuracy,quickresponseandisfeasible.研究智能氣體檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)在本文中，檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)采用單片機(jī)作為控制計(jì)算機(jī)。選擇理由：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)作為控制核心，它具有體積小尺寸，高可靠性，低價(jià)格，使其成為行業(yè)使用非常合適智能儀表、實(shí)時(shí)控制領(lǐng)域。系統(tǒng)的操作界面如圖1所示。在右上角號(hào)碼顯示默認(rèn)的或用戶(hù)定義的氣體濃度值，在左上角顯示檢測(cè)到的氣體濃度值。報(bào)警燈的設(shè)置。所有的功能通過(guò)設(shè)置控制面板上的按鍵控制，包括電源鍵，復(fù)位鍵，數(shù)據(jù)采集的關(guān)鍵。其他鍵包括十個(gè)數(shù)字鍵，調(diào)整值鍵和回車(chē)鍵來(lái)改變閾值?；静僮鞒绦蛉缦拢菏紫劝聪码娫存I，系統(tǒng)初始化機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集的關(guān)鍵，LED在右上角顯示的閾值1；用戶(hù)可以定制閾值調(diào)整值的按鍵和數(shù)字鍵，然后按回車(chē)鍵確認(rèn)更改。系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始檢測(cè)氣體濃度和上顯示這些參左葉面積，同時(shí)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，通過(guò)RS-485總線主機(jī)地面上的。主要包括主控單元系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)，傳感器和信號(hào)放大電路，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換模塊，聲光報(bào)警電路，鍵盤(pán)顯示模塊，串口通信模塊。具有集成度高,體積小,價(jià)格低，單片機(jī)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)過(guò)程中廣泛應(yīng)用包括控制，數(shù)據(jù)采集，機(jī)電一體化，智能儀表，家用電器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，以及顯著提高的程度技術(shù)和自動(dòng)化。考慮在芯片選擇兩個(gè)因素，一是抗干擾的能力，提高單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的干擾，圖1系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行界面圖所以單片機(jī)必須有較高的外界干擾；二是單片機(jī)的性能價(jià)格比?？紤]到上述因素，我們采用了Atmel公司的AT89S52作為主控單元，和主控電路的最終方案包括AT89S52單片機(jī)，定時(shí)器和復(fù)位電路。如圖2所示。圖2主控制單元在氣體檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題是如何選擇的氣體傳感器。常見(jiàn)的氣體傳感器的半導(dǎo)體金屬氧化物如氧化錫，鋅coxide，鈦氧化物和鋁氧化物。遇到的問(wèn)題與這些傳感器缺乏靈活性，可憐響應(yīng)時(shí)間和在升高的溫度下操作[10]。甲烷檢測(cè)新方法基于紅外技術(shù)是近年來(lái)提出的，但它仍然是在進(jìn)步和很多工作之前應(yīng)該可以應(yīng)用于解決實(shí)際工程問(wèn)題。本系統(tǒng)采用催化燃燒式氣敏元件MC112開(kāi)發(fā)海星集團(tuán)來(lái)測(cè)量氣體（CH4）的濃度。圖3顯示了外面觀和MC112內(nèi)部電路，表1列出了主要技術(shù)參數(shù)MC112。MC112氣體檢測(cè)器利用催化燃燒原理的兩個(gè)臂；橋是由測(cè)量與補(bǔ)償元件對(duì)。當(dāng)它被暴露可燃?xì)怏w，測(cè)量元件電阻增大，輸出通過(guò)測(cè)量電橋電壓參數(shù)，參數(shù)的電壓成正比的氣體濃度值。補(bǔ)償元件的工作溫度補(bǔ)償和參考。對(duì)MC112主要功能包括可重復(fù)性好，工作穩(wěn)定，可靠，線性輸出電壓，和快速的反應(yīng)。煤礦安全規(guī)程表示，如果甲烷氣體濃度超過(guò)1%，安全系統(tǒng)應(yīng)警報(bào)，如果瓦斯?jié)舛瘸^(guò)2%，所有的人都必須立刻疏散。自檢測(cè)低濃度甲烷MC112范圍為0%-2%。圖3傳感器外觀要放大微弱電信號(hào)的檢測(cè)采用MC112（1%氣體濃度波動(dòng)將導(dǎo)致16MV電壓變化）。采用扭矩傳感器系統(tǒng)廣告公司開(kāi)發(fā)的高性能的儀表放大器。它有優(yōu)點(diǎn)：（1）單電源和12V輸出（2）易于修改信號(hào)增益雖然外部電阻器，它將作為無(wú)外部單位增益電阻和信號(hào)增益可達(dá)1000與一個(gè)外部電阻；（3）低功耗消耗，大規(guī)模的操作電壓，線性度好，熱穩(wěn)定性好，高可靠性。信號(hào)放大器電路原理圖如圖4所示。圖4信號(hào)放大電路如圖5所示，該模塊由多路CD4051，采樣保持器lf389，A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器AD574A和并行I/O芯片8255A作為核心的一部分，AD574A是一個(gè)12位的逐次逼近A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片三的狀態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，其轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間約為25μS.AD574A能夠直接連接到單片沒(méi)有額外的接口邏輯電路，內(nèi)置高精度的參考功率電源和時(shí)鐘電路，無(wú)需外部時(shí)鐘源AD574A能夠正常運(yùn)行參考電源。圖5A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器模塊傳統(tǒng)的液晶顯示模塊是不適合在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中由于工作環(huán)境主要是在黑暗的礦井隧道深。LED軟燈應(yīng)選擇。它是在煤礦的特點(diǎn)為不利的情況下適用防潮，卓越的溫度特性和長(zhǎng)距離的視覺(jué)效果。在本系統(tǒng)，采用6位LED動(dòng)態(tài)顯示CH4氣體濃度值，與段端口和位端口與PA口和PB端口連接8155（1）分別。在鍵盤(pán)輸入模塊，我們安排了13個(gè)鍵，包括10個(gè)數(shù)字鍵和“數(shù)據(jù)收集”鍵，“進(jìn)入”鍵，“復(fù)位”鍵。采用相反的方向連接的方法，PB口和8155PC端口（2）連接到鍵盤(pán)的行和列電路電路分別。串行通信模塊，信號(hào)控制器發(fā)送到主機(jī)計(jì)算機(jī)上通過(guò)RS-485，和MAX485是用于轉(zhuǎn)換電壓。RS-485是多點(diǎn)雙向半雙工通信基于單平衡線電路具有高噪聲抑制鏈接，傳輸速率高，傳輸距離長(zhǎng)、寬共模范圍，其最大傳輸率達(dá)到10Mbps，電纜的最大距離達(dá)到1200。P21和P10AT89S52將聲光報(bào)警單元控制時(shí)甲烷氣體濃度的檢測(cè)值超過(guò)設(shè)定值。軟件控