備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語一輪復習（新高考專用）考點 28-閱讀理解推理判斷題（重難題型）（解析版）

考點28 閱讀理解推理判斷題（重難題型）推理判斷題主要考查學生根據文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時，考生應在理解全文的基礎上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷。提問整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時，問句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推斷，暗指)等詞。對付這類題時我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時要對文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測和推論。關鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內容；明確作者的觀點及其寫作該文的目的；分析文章里所給的有關信息；注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義；最后運用自己的知識進行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。這種問題的提問方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據提問中的某些關鍵字眼與短文中相應的有關內容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點。具體的說，考生應當注意以下幾點：1.首先要注意一定要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎。有的推斷，考生完全可以根據文章中所闡述的細節(jié)，再結合自己所掌握的基礎知識、有關背景知識或常識來幫助進行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結論。3.要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關系，了解語篇的結構，同時還要體會文章的基調，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性問題時，一定要注意確定推理依據的位置或范圍。應清楚所要解答的問題需要針對某個細節(jié)進行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進行推斷。針對細節(jié)的推斷可運用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中確定推理依據的位置或范圍，然后再進行推理判斷。針對主題思想作推斷時，則常常要縱覽全篇文章。推理判斷題常見有以下形式：1．細節(jié)推斷題要求考生根據語篇關系，推斷具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā)，抓住關鍵的信息詞，運用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷。（2021·江西·二模）Afterbeatingbonecancer,HayleyArceneauxthinksrocketingintoorbitonSpaceX’sfirstprivateflightshouldbenoproblematall.St.JudeChildren’sResearchHospitalannouncedthe29-year-olddoctor’sassistantwillrocketintospacelaterthisyear.Arceneaux,aformerpatientatSt.Jude,willbecometheyoungestAmericaninspace,beatingNASArecord-holderSallyRidebyovertwoyears.ShewilltravelwithbusinessmanJaredIsaacman,whoisusingthespaceflightheboughttoraisemoneyforcharity.Twootheryet-to-be-chosenspaceflyerswilljointhem.Arceneauxwillbethefirstpersontolaunchwithaprosthesisanartificialdevicethatreplacesamissingorinjuredpartofthebody.Whenshewas10,ArceneauxhadanoperationatSt.Judetoreplaceherkneeandapieceofmetalwasputinherleftleg.Shestilllimpsandhasoccasionallegpain.“Mybattlewithcancerreallypreparedmeforspacetravel,”sherecentlytoldTheAssociatedPress.“Itmademetough,andthenalsoIthinkitreallytaughtmetoexpecttheunexpectedandgoalongfortheride.”Arceneauxwantstoshowheryoungpatientsandothercancersurvivorsthat“theskyisnoteventhelimitanymore.”“It’sgoingtomeansomuchtothesekidstoseeasurvivorinspace.”shesaid.IsaacmanannouncedhisspaceflightonFebruary1,promisingtoraise$200millionforSt.Jude.Astheflight’sself-appointedcommander,heofferedoneofthefourseatsaboardSpaceX’sDragonspacecrafttoSt.Jude.ThehospitalchoseArceneauxfromamongitsmanyworkerswhohadoncebeenpatients.Theideawasthatoneofthemcouldrepresentthenewgeneration,notedRickShadyac,presidentofSt.Jude’sfinancingorganization.ArceneauxwasathomeinMemphis,Tennessee,whenshegotasurprisingcallinJanuary.ShewasaskedifshewouldrepresentSt.Judeinspace.Asalifelongspacefanwholovesadventures,Arceneauxhastraveledwidelyandlovesrollercoasters.Isaacman,whofliesfighterairplanesforfun,considersheraperfectfit.ThelaunchisplannedforthisfallatNASA’sKennedySpaceCenter,withthespacecraftorbitingEarthfortwotofourdays.1．WhichstatementistrueaboutHayleyArceneaux?A．Sheworkswheresheusedtobeapatient.B．Sheisanadventurehater.C．SheistheyoungestAmericaninspace.D．Sheisthefirstwomanspaceflyer.2．What’sthecorrectorderforwhathappenedtoHayleyArceneaux?a.Shereceivedasurprisingcall.b.Shewasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.c.Shewaschosentorocketintospace.d.ShewasoperatedonatSt.Jude.A．acdb B．bcda C．bdac D．cabd1.【答案】A【解析】】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第二句“the29-year-olddoctor'sassistant（這位29歲醫(yī)生的助手）”以及第二段開頭的“Arceneaux,aformerpatientatSt.Jude（阿爾西諾以前是圣猶大醫(yī)院的病人）”可知她在以前住院的地方工作。故選A項。2．【答案】C【解析】】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第一句“Afterbeatingbonecancer,HayleyArceneauxthinksrocketingintoorbitonSpaceX’sfirstprivateflightshouldbenoproblematall.（海莉·阿爾西諾戰(zhàn)勝了骨癌，她認為通過太空探索技術公司的第一次私人飛行進入軌道根本不是問題。）”可知，她是在戰(zhàn)勝骨癌之后進入太空的，我們還可判斷出疾病in該是在做手術之前，所以選項b應該是在選項d之前；再根據第五段前兩句“ArceneauxwasathomeinMemphis,Tennessee,whenshegotasurprisingcallinJanuary.ShewasaskedifshewouldrepresentSt.Judeinspace.（今年1月，阿塞諾在田納西州孟菲斯的家中接到了一個令人驚訝的電話。她被問及是否愿意在太空中代表圣猶大。）”可知，她是接到電話之后被問是否愿意進入太空在飛向太空的，可判斷出選項a在選項c之前。故選C項。2．因果推斷題要求考生根據已知結果推測導致結果的可能原因或根據已有的原因推斷可能的結果?？忌獪蚀_掌握文章的內涵，理解文章的真正含義。最關鍵的是要找準事物間存在的因果關系信息，根據已有信息，進行分析判斷推理，從而推出最符合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導致的結果。（2021··二模）“Theresearchisclearthatusableknowledge--thatis,learningthatcanbetransferredtonewsituations-onlyoccurswhenindividualsareactivelymakingsenseoftheworld”(ScienceandEngineeringforGrades6-12:InvestigationandDesignattheCenter,p.57)Oneoftherecentinnovations(創(chuàng)新)inscienceandengineeringeducationisthecentralfocusonhavingstudentsfigureoutpuzzlingphenomenaandsolvingreal-worldproblems.Thisideabuildsondecadesofresearchonhowpeoplelearnandshiftsthefocusfrom“l(fā)earningabout"asciencetopicortheengineeringdesignprocessto“figuringout”howtoexplainaphenomenontheyseeorsolvingaproblem.Withthisfocus,studentslearnideasandskillsbecausetheyrealizetheyaremissingsomeknowledgeorskillthatwouldallowthemtoanswertheirownquestions-tosatisfytheircuriosity.Students'engagementintheirownlearningisastrongpredictoroftheirachievement,andteachersoftenreportthatitisachallengetoengagestudentsinlearningwhentheyarenotfaceto-faceinaclassroom.However,bycenteringstudents'experienceonfiguringsomethingoutthattheyaregenuinelycuriousabout,scienceandengineeringlearningcanbecomethemostengagingpartofastudent'sday,eveninremotelearningenvironments.Aphenomenon-andproblem-centeredfocusprovidesopportunitiestoconnectlearningmorecloselytostudents'ownlivesandthereforetomakeitmorerelevanttothemwhentheyareathome.Ifstudentsexploreaphenomenonorproblemthattheyseeintheirownhome,neighborhood,orcommunity,theycanmoreeasilyapplythelearninginotheraspectsoftheirlives.1．Whyisthequotationputatthebeginningofthetext?A．Topopularizetheideaofabook. B．Toleadintheauthor'sconcept.C．Toarousethereaders'interest. D．Tointroducethebackground.4．Howwillstudentsbenefitfromtheinnovationinscienceandengineeringeducation?A．Theywillbecomemorecurious. B．Theywillbecomethecenterofthecourse.C．Theywillbemotivatedtolearn. D．Theywillhavebetterlearningenvironment.1．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據引文的觀點“Theresearchisclearthatusableknowledge--thatis,learningthatcanbetransferredtonewsituations-onlyoccurswhenindividualsareactivelymakingsenseoftheworld”（研究表明，有用的知識——即可以轉移到新情況下的學習——只有在個人積極理解世界的時候才會發(fā)生）并結合最后一段作者的觀點“Ifstudentsexploreaphenomenonorproblemthattheyseeintheirownhome,neighborhood,orcommunity,theycanmoreeasilyapplythelearninginotheraspectsoftheirlives.”（如果學生們探索他們在自己家里、鄰居或社區(qū)中看到的現象或問題，他們就可以更容易地將學到的知識應用到生活的其他方面）可知，引文的觀點與作者的觀點一致，而且引自出版的著作，所以作者把這段引語放在開頭是為了引出自己的觀點并使之更具權威性。故選B項。4．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據第三段“However,bycenteringstudents'experienceonfiguringsomethingoutthattheyaregenuinelycuriousabout,scienceandengineeringlearningcanbecomethemostengagingpartofastudent'sday,eveninremotelearningenvironments.”（然而，通過將學生的體驗集中在找出他們真正感興趣的東西上，科學和工程學習可以成為學生一天中最具吸引力的一部分，即使是在遠程學習環(huán)境中）可知，讓學生關注實際問題，他們就會把學習與實際生活緊密相連，引發(fā)內生動力，積極參與其中。故選C項。3．人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點等推斷題高考閱讀測試中有些題目考查學生對文章作者的主導思想、被描寫人物語氣、言談話語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點等方面的理解。做這一類題時一定注意：（1）由表及里地準確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點代替作者的思想觀點。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達感情，態(tài)度觀點的詞語。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結合自己平時積累的有關英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風俗習慣等背景知識來識別評價。（2021·河南鄭州·二模）Iwaswithmymomonedayaswetookawalkwhilewindowshopping.Webothknewwewouldn'tbebuyingmuch.IrememberIwaslookingupatthepeoplewepassedaswewalked.Ladieswore5-inchheelsandbrightclothes.Menworeexpensiveperfumesandcreamsthatwipedawaythewrinklesontheirfaces.Anuneasyfeelingstartedtosettleinmychest.IcoulddenyitnolongerandIwasashamedofmymom.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood.Welivedinasmall,expensiveapartmentbuildingattheedgeofourcounty.Momchosetomovetherebecausesheknewtheschoolsweregood.Irealizedforthefirsttimethatwedidn'tbelongthere.Icouldseetheheavylinesaroundmymom'seyesandmouth.Sheworecheapclothesandworm-outshoes.Hereyesweretiredfromworkinglonghourstomakeendsmeet,andherhairwastoograyforherage.Shewasnothingextraordinary,yetatthatmoment,shestoodoutbecauseshewasjustsoplain.Ididn'twanttobeseenwithheralthoughtherewasnooneimportantaroundtoseemeanyway.Ifeltembarrassedaboutbeingatherside.Wewerestandinginthemiddleofahigh-endstore,andshewasholdingasweater.Momsaid,“Anna,thiswilllookgoodonyou.Doyouwantit?”ItWasmuchtooexpensive,butIalmostthoughtlesslyanswered“Yes”.ThenItookacloserlookatthesmall,tiredwomanwithabigsmileandasweaterinherhands,happytobegivingmesomethingsonice.Mywordsdiedinmythroat.Herclotheswerewornandoldbecauseshespenthermoneybuyingmenewones.Shelookedsotiredbecauseshewasbusyworkingtoprovideforme.Shedidn'twearjewelryorperfumesbecauseshewascontentwithspendingwhatlittlemoneyshehadonme.Suddenly,mymomwasbeautifulandextraordinarilywonderfulinmyeyes.Iwasnolongerashamedofher,butofmyself.“Doyouwantit?”Momrepeated.“No,thanks,”Ireplied.5．Whydidtheauthordescribethepassers-bywhilewindow-shopping?A．Tostresshermotherwasplain.B．Toshowsheenviedrichpeople.C．Tosuggestshewascuriousaboutothers.D．Toindicateshewasinanexpensiveneighborhood.6．Whatmostlikelymadetheauthorfeeluneasy?A．Studyingatatopschool. B．Goingwindow-shopping.C．Beingseenwithhermom. D．Livinginasmallapartment.5．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Ladieswore5-inchheelsandbrightclothes.Menworeexpensiveperfumesandcreamsthatwipedawaythewrinklesontheirfaces.Anuneasyfeelingstartedtosettleinmychest.IcoulddenyitnolongerandIwasashamedofmymom.(女士們穿著5英寸高的高跟鞋和鮮艷的衣服。男人們用昂貴的香水和面霜來抹去臉上的皺紋。一種不舒服的感覺開始在我的胸膛里安定下來。我不能再否認了，我為我媽媽感到羞恥)”以及第三段中對媽媽的描述可知，作者描寫逛街時要描寫路人是要將母親和穿著光鮮的人對比，而強調母親的普通和平凡。故選A項。6．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Shewasnothingextraordinary,yetatthatmoment,shestoodoutbecauseshewasjustsoplain.Ididn'twanttobeseenwithheralthoughtherewasnooneimportantaroundtoseemeanyway.(她沒有什么特別的，在那一刻，她的與眾不同凸顯是因為她是如此平凡。我不想讓人看到我和她在一起，盡管周圍也沒有重要的人來看我)”可以推知，最有可能讓作者感到不安的是作者被看見和平凡的媽媽在一起。故選C項。（2021·山西·二模）HewasanoldmanwhofishedaloneinasmallboatintheGulfStreamandhehadgoneeighty-fourdaysnowwithouttakingafish.Inthefirstfortydaysaboyhadbeenwithhim.Butafterfortydayswithoutafishtheboy’sparentshadtoldhimthattheoldmanwasnowdefinitelyandfinallysalao,whichistheworstformofunluck,andtheboyhadgoneattheirordersinanotherboatwhichcaughtthreegoodfishthefirstweek.Itmadetheboysadtoseetheoldmancomeineachdaywithhisboatemptyandhealwayswentdowntohelpcarryeitherthefishinglinesorthespear.Thesailwasoldand,rolled,itlookedliketheflagofpermanentdefeat.Theoldmanwasverythinwithdeepwrinklesinthebackofhisneck.Thebrownspotsoftheskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Thespotsranwelldownthesidesofhisfaceandhishandshadthedeepscarfromhandlingheavyfishonthethickropes.Butnoneofthesescarswerefresh.Theywereasoldaserosions(侵蝕)inafishlessdesert.Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.“Santiago,”theboysaidtohimastheyclimbedthebankfromwheretheboatwaspulledup.“Icouldgowithyouagain.We’vemadesomemoney.”Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.:“No,”theoldmansaid.“You’rewithaluckyboat.Staywiththem,”“Butrememberhowyouwenteighty-sevendayswithoutfishandthenwecaughtbigoneseverydayforthreeweeks.“Iremember,”theoldmansaid.“Iknowyoudidnotleavemebecauseyoudoubted.”14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldmaninparagraph2?A．Hewaseasy-goingandtalkative.B．Hewasheart-brokenandhelpless.C．Hewasugly-lookingbutwarm-hearted.D．Hewasweather-beatenbutstrong-willed.14．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。從第二段“Thebrownspotsoftheskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Thespotsranwelldownthesidesofhisfaceandhishandshadthedeepscarfromhandlingheavyfishonthethickropes.(他的臉頰上長著由熱帶海洋的陽光反射而來的皮膚癌棕色斑點。傷疤從他的臉的兩側一直延伸下去，他的雙手也留下了用粗繩釣大魚時留下的深深的傷疤)”中老人的外貌描寫來看，老人是飽經風霜的；從第二段最后一句“Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.(他身上的一切都顯得蒼老了，除了那雙眼睛，它們像大海一樣藍，是愉快的，永不氣餒的)”可知，老人雖然蒼老，但是意志堅定，永不氣餒。所以D選項“Hewasweather-beatenbutstrong-willed.(他飽經風霜，但意志堅強)”最能概括老人的形象。故選D項。（2021·河北邯鄲·二模）It'snotoftentoseeawomanwho’ssevenmonthspregnantrunningamarathon.ButBeatieDeutschisanythingbuttypical.The30-year-oldmotheroffiveisrankedasoneofthetopwomenmarathonrunnersintheworldand,asoftoday,hasqualifiedforthe32ndSummerOlympics.Whatimpressespeoplemoredeeplyisthat,unlikemanyOlympichopefulswhohavebeentrainingtheirwholelives,Deutschonlytookuprunningfouryearsago.Whydidshetrainforamarathon?"Iwasreallyoutofshapeafterhavingfivekids,"shesaid."SoIsetthegoalformyselfofrunningamarathonandthathelpedme.Ineededsomethingtobemotivatedtogetoutthereandtraineveryday.Ididn'teverexpectittotakemetothis."TheIsraelipresshasbeentrackingherwithpride,callingher"SpeedyBeatie".Hopingtoaddmorepurposetohernewfoundfame,DeutschusesherrunningasawaytoraisemoneyforacharityBeitDaniella.Thisnonprofitorganizationprovidesarecoverycenterforyouthswhoarestrugglingwithmentalhealthissues.Thatmission（使命）ishelpingfuelherOlympicdreams.AttheTiberiasMarathonlastmonth,Deutschwasthefastestwomanintherace.ThispastSeptember,shefinishedtheCapeTownMarathonintwohoursandthirty-sixminutes.That'safewminutesshyofherpersonalbestoftwohoursandtwenty-nineminutes,atimethatqualifiesherfortheOlympics.ShewilltrytoshaveevenmoretimeoffwhenshecompetesintheRotterdamMarathonthisApril.It'sremarkableforsomeonewhostartedherathleticcareerinherlate20s."Ialwaystellpeopletohavebigdreams,andsethugegoals.Don'tgetcaughtupintheplacewherewearerightnowandhavetunnelvisionandarelimitedinwhatweseeofourselves,"saidDeutsch,whonowtravelstheworldasamotivationalspeaker.18．WhichwordcanbestdescribeDeutsch?A．Creative. B．Caring.C．Modest. D．Adaptable.18．【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Hopingtoaddmorepurposetohernewfoundfame,DeutschusesherrunningasawaytoraisemoneyforacharityBeitDaniella.”

可知，Deutsch希望讓她的名譽增加新的意義，她跑馬拉松來為慈善機構BeitDaniella募集資金，因此可知，她非常有愛心，故選B。（2021·遼寧·模擬預測）Softrobots,whichcanmovearoundtheoceanwithoutharmingsealife,areidealforunderwaterexploration.However,theyarenotsowelcomeinrobotmarketbecausetheyareextremelyslowandhaveahardtimeoperatingthroughthewater.Butthatmaychangesoonthankstoaself-drivensoftrobotcreatedbyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Therecently-developedrobot,whichresemblesapaperlantern,wasprimarilybuiltusingsoftmaterials.Itsflexibleribsareattachedtoacircularplateatbothends.Anadjustablenozzle(噴嘴)fittedononesidehelpsdrawinandjet(射出)watereachtimetherobotshrinks.Theresultingjetsofwaterenableittoswimforward,similartoasquid(烏賊).Aplateholdsawaterproofcomponentthatcanhouseacameratorecorddata,whichisofgreatvaluetofurtherdevelopmentoftherobot.Italsohasitsownpowersource,allowingittofloatautonomouslyforlongperiodsoftime.“Essentially,werecreatedallthekeyfeaturesthatsquidsuseforhigh-speedswimming.Thisisthefirstrobotthatcanachievethesejetsofwaterbychangingitsbodyshape,whichimprovesswimmingefficiency,”saidProfessorMichaelT.Thoughthesquidrobothasnotbeentestedinopenwaters,itsuccessfullyswamaroundcoralandfishinalargetankintheUCSanDiegoBirchAquarium.What’smore,therobotclockedanimpressivespeedof18to32centimeterspersecond,orabouthalfamileperhour.Thoughnowhereclosetorealsquids,itisfasterthanmostothersoftrobots.“Afterwewereabletoimprovethedesignoftherobotsothatitwouldswiminatankinthelab,itwasespeciallyexcitingtoseethattherobotwasabletosuccessfullyswiminalargetankamongcoralandfish,showingitspossibilityforreal-worldapplications,”saidCalebChristianson,wholedthestudyaspartofhisPh.Dpaper.24．What’sCalebChristianson’sattitudetowardsthenewly-developedrobot?A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.24．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“itwasespeciallyexcitingtoseethattherobotwasabletosuccessfullyswiminalargetankamongcoralandfish,showingitspossibilityforreal-worldapplications(尤其令人興奮的是，看到這個機器人能夠成功地在一個大水族箱的珊瑚和魚中游泳，展示了它在現實世界中被應用的可能性)”可知，CalebChristianson表示看到這種新型軟體機器人能在水族箱中成功地游泳是一件很令人興奮的事，這也展示了它在現實世界中被應用的可能性。因此，CalebChristianson對這種新型軟體機器人持積極的態(tài)度。故選A項。4．篇章結構推斷題根據不同文章的內容和寫作目的，作者會采取記敘、描寫、議論、說明或應用文體。作者也會采用敘述、例證、比較對照等不同的組織結構。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務不同，閱讀方法也應不同。增強對篇章結構的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質量。（2021·山東濰坊·二模）Mostparentscanremembertheartfulmixofexcitementandanxietyaccompanyingthechoiceoftheirbaby’sname—itwillfollowthechildhisorherentirelife.Buttheeffectcouldbeevenmoresignificant.InresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,ourresearchteamshowsthatthestereotype(模式思維)thatagivensocietyhasofafirstnamecaninfluencethewaypeoplelook.Ineightstudies,wefoundthatparticipantsshownID-stylephotosofpeoplethey’dnevermetwereabletorecognizethefirstnameofthedescribedpersonwellabovethechancelevel.Inotherwords,thereissomethingaboutanEmilythat…justlookslikeanEmily.IfanEmilyreallydoeslooklikeanEmily,evenacomputershouldbeabletoguesshertruename.Thecomputerwasevenabletoproducea“heatmap”foreachname,afacewiththefeaturesthat“betray”apersoncarryingthatnameshowninredororangecolors.Howshouldweunderstandthiseffect?Untilnow,socialpsychologistsknewthatourfacialappearanceinfluencestheextenttowhichothersperceiveusasattractive,intelligent,trustworthyorwarm.Thesestudiesshowthatothers’perceptionsofourfirstnamearereflectedinourfaces.Interestingly,theface-nameeffectoccursevenifwecanonlyseethehairofaperson.Ourhairispossiblythepartofourfacethatwecontrolwiththemostease.Thefactthatthisalonecanproducethefacenameeffectfurtherillustratesthesuspectedself-fulfillingmechanismbehindit.Together,theeightstudiessuggestthatwewearoursocialbelongingonourface,andthatweactivelyshapeourfeaturestoberecognizedbyourreferencegroup.Choosingbabynamesremainsexciting.Whateverthefirstnameyougivetoyourchild,heorshewillendupwearingit.28．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?P=ParagraphA． B．C． D．28．【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。第一段是引出本文論述主旨：人們對名字的刻板印象會影響人們的長相；第二、三、四講述的是8項研究的現象分析；最后一段是總結實驗結果，重申論述觀點。所以本文是總分總結構。故選A。5．文章結論推斷題由具體到一般，對已知的事實進行歸納總結性推斷稱為結論?！?021全國甲卷C篇】WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:

"Safe!Safe!Safe!"

Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear;touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail-thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances."Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead."Safe,man.Safe.”"Yeah,"Isaid.“Safe."4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.B.Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.D.Seeingtheworldismustforchildren.4.【答案】C【解析】寫作意圖題。根據題干關鍵詞"seemtoconvey"定位可以判斷題目是總結作者寫作意圖。根據選項關鍵詞，A，asecondlanguageB，Sportchildren'shealthC，Children，senseofbelonging（歸屬感）D，Seeingtheworld可以得知本文是懷念童年時光，所以C項最合適。故選C項。（2021·浙江·三模）Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasveryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincludedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt’sfortunateproperties.Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLastSupper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.31．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducethehistoryofsalt. B．Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.C．Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt. D．Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.31．【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.(在許多文化中，灑鹽被認為是不吉利的。幸運的是，許多文化也有解決這個問題的辦法，通常是在你身后灑一撮鹽。這可能讓現代人感到困惑，但知道鹽曾經非常有價值可以改變這種看法)”結合文章主要介紹了世界上一些關于灑鹽的觀念以及應對方法。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋一些關于灑鹽的信仰。故選C。讀者對象題（2021·江蘇南通·三模）CourseAdvisor1EducationSalesExecutiveWouldyoubeinterestedinjoiningasupportiveandfriendlyteamwithasharedpassionforsellingtheirexcitingportfolioofcourses?TheOrganization:Itisaninternationalnetworkthatoffersawidevarietyofprograms,includingbachelor’sdegreeprograms,master'sdegreeprograms,professionaltraining,EnglishLanguagetraining.andcorporate&executiveeducation.Whensomeonechoosestostudyatoneoftheirinstitutions---whetheroncampusinEurope,NorthAmerica,orevenintheirownhomethey'rejoininganetworkofover50,000studentsworldwide.TheRole:CourseadvisersareresponsibleforpromotingtheCompany'sprogramportfoliotopotentialstudentsoverthephoneandviae-mail,formingavitalandintegralpartofthesalesteam.Youwillhaveanaturalgiftforsalesandrelationship-building,andahungertoexceed(超出)targetsandexpectations.Benefits:TheCompanyoffersexcellentopportunitiesforfasttrackcareerprogressionwhichisentirelyperformancedriven.Theyrewardtopperformersgivingyoutheopportunitytoearnaswellasprogress.Requirements:PleaseclickontheAPPLYbuttontosendyourCVandCoverLetterforthisrole.TheCompanyisanequalopportunitiesemployerandpositivelyencouragesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedandeligiblecandidatesregardlessofsex,race,disability,age,orreligionorbelief.Norecordofcrimeisamust.3．Whoisthetextintendedfor?A．ThosewhowanttopolishtheirEnglish. B．Thosewhotrytodeveloptheirprograms.C．Thosewhoneedtoadvancetheirdegrees. D．Thosewhoaregoodatpromotingproducts.3．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結合第一段“Wouldyoubeinterestedinjoiningasupportiveandfriendlyteamwithashar