湖北省武漢市武漢七校2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題含解析

Page24滿分：150分★?？荚図槷?dāng)★留意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆干脆答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howmanyfruitsdoesthewomanwant?A.1pound.B.2pounds.C.3.5pounds.2.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Adawon’tcome.B.Adawillbelate.C.Adawillcomeontime.3.WhatdidBobdoatabout8:30?A.Hefinishedaletter.B.HesatwithKarl.C.Hewroteastory.4.Whenwillthelightbeshutoff?A.At10:30.B.At10:15.C.At10:45.5.Whendoesn’ttheman’ssonwork?A.OnMonday,FridayandSunday.B.OnTuesday,ThursdayandSunday.C.OnMondayWednesdayandFriday.其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatdoesthemanlike?A.Drivingfastonemptyroads.B.Sittingangrilyintrafficjams.C.Beingapassengeronanycondition.7.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Trafficpoliceanddriver.B.Journalistandinterviewee.C.Drivinginstructorandlearner.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。8.Whowillcallthewomanlater?A.MissReed.B.Mr.Carter.C.MissSmith.9.WhatshouldAlicedo?A.Callherboyfriend.B.Buyacupofcoffee.C.Photocopyareport.10.Whatdoyouthinkofthewoman?A.Sheisanexcellentmanager.B.Sheisasuperbandthoughtfulsecretary.C.Sheispassionateabouthelpinghercolleagues.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11.Wheredidthewomangolastyear?A.Cyprus.B.Switzerland.C.ALPS.12.Whatdoesthemanprefertotravelby?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byflight.13.What’stheweatherlikeinCyprus?A.It’shotinthehillsinsummer.B.It’scoolupinthehillsinsummer.C.It’scooldowninthehillsinsummer.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。14.Whydoesthewomanthinkpair-workisgood?A.Itisaneasytasktofinish.B.Ithelpstomakenewfriends.C.Itprovidesmoretimetopracticespeaking.15.Whattroublesthemaninhislanguageclass?A.Thewomanmakesfunofhim.B.Hedoesn’tunderstandhisteacher.C.Hispartnercan’tmakeconversationswithhim.16.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSaturday?A.Practicepair-work.B.Answertheman’squestion.C.Goshoppingandsightseeing.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.HowmanychildrenwerethereinAgnesMiller’sfamily?A.4.B.5.C.6.18.WherewasAngeswhenshewasfiveyearsold?A.Chicago.B.Missouri.C.St.Louis.19.WhatwasAgnesgoodatinschool?A.Physicsandpainting.B.Mathandpainting.C.Writingandmath.20.WhathappenedwhenAgneswasincollege?A.Shegaveuplandingajobasaphysicist.B.Sheacceptedthatmenandwomenwereunequal.C.Sherealizedtheinequalitybetweenmenandwomen.其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANobelPrizesformedicine,physics,chemistry,economy,literatureaswellaspeaceworkareawardedeveryOctober,eachrecognizinganindividual’sororganization’sremarkablecontributioninaspecificfield.Hereisaquickguideofthisyear’swinners.KatalinKarikoandDrewWeissmanThetwoscientistscontributedtotheamazingrateofvaccine(疫苗)developmentduringoneofthegreatestthreatstohumanhealthinmoderntimes.PierreAgostini,FerencKrauszandAnneL’HuillierThetrioarerecognizedforgivinghumanitynewtoolstoexploretheworldofelectrons,makingitpossibleforustounderstandandcontrolhowelectronsbehaveinamaterial.NargesMohammadiTheIranianactivistisawardedforherfightagainstthesufferingofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotewomen’srightsandfreedom.MoungiG.Bawendi,LouisE.BrusandAlexeiI.EkimovAwardedfortheirdevelopmentofquantum(量子)dots,thethreechemistsreallytakepeople’sbreathaway.Thesetinyparticlescanpromotechemicalreactionsandtheirclearlightcanhelpdoctorsfindharmfultissueinapatient’sbody.JonFosseTheNorwegianplaywritertouchesonthedeepestfeelingsthatpeoplehave–anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath—suchthingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyencounters.ClaudiaGoldinTheHarvardprofessorhelpedusunderstandgenderdifferencesinthelabourmarketandadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes.1.WhowinsNobelPrizeinPhysics?A.JonFosse. B.LouisE.Brus.C.FerencKrausz. D.DrewWeissman.2.WhatdoNargesMohammadiandClaudiaGoldinhaveincommon?A.Theyspeakupforwomen. B.Theysupportworkers’rights.C.Theyprovidejobopportunities. D.Theypromoteeconomydevelopment.3.Whereisthetextmostprobablyfrom?A.Abrochure. B.Amedicalreport.C.Anewspaper. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了2024年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩氖论E?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)PierreAgostini,FerencKrauszandAnneL’Huillier中“Thetrioarerecognizedforgivinghumanitynewtoolstoexploretheworldofelectrons,makingitpossibleforustounderstandandcontrolhowelectronsbehaveinamaterial.”（這三人被認(rèn)為為人類供應(yīng)了探究電子世界的新工具，使我們有可能理解和限制電子在材料中的行為。）可知，這三位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咛接戨娮?，由此可推知是他們獲得物理獎(jiǎng)，所以FerencKrausz獲得了諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)NargesMohammadi中“TheIranianactivistisawardedforherfightagainstthesufferingofwomeninIranandherfighttopromotewomen’srightsandfreedom.”（這位伊朗活動(dòng)人士因與伊朗婦女的苦難作斗爭以及為促進(jìn)婦女權(quán)利和自由而斗爭而獲獎(jiǎng)。）以及ClaudiaGoldin中“TheHarvardprofessorhelpedusunderstandgenderdifferencesinthelabourmarketandadvancedourunderstandingofwomen’slabourmarketoutcomes.”（這位哈佛教授幫助我們理解了勞動(dòng)力市場中的性別差異，并加深了我們對女性勞動(dòng)力市場結(jié)果的理解。）可知，NargesMohammadi和ClaudiaGoldin二人的共同之處是他們都為女性發(fā)聲。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“NobelPrizesformedicine,physics,chemistry,economy,literatureaswellaspeaceworkareawardedeveryOctober,eachrecognizinganindividual’sororganization’sremarkablecontributioninaspecificfield.Hereisaquickguideofthisyear’swinners.”（諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)以及和平獎(jiǎng)每年10月頒發(fā)，每一項(xiàng)都是為了表彰在某一特定領(lǐng)域做出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或組織。以下是今年獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩目焖僦改?。）可知，本文簡介了今年的六位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?；由此推知，這篇文章可能來自一份報(bào)紙。故選C項(xiàng)。BIhadneverbeentosuchanamazingnationalparklikeYosemitebefore,yetIwasn’tthemostathleticperson,soIknewthatIcouldn’tstickthroughallthehikingupanddown.Itactuallyendedupbeingafunandadventurousexperience.Theridetherewasdefinitelylongbutworthit.AsIwokeupfrommynap,Isawthebeautifulsceneryofthetallmountainsandbeautifulstreams.Thewaterfallswereattractivewithbeautifulviews.Climbinguprockswasoneofmyfavoriteparts.EventhoughIfellacoupleoftimes,Istillhadalotoffun.ThefactthatmyfamilyandIspentsomuchtimetogetheralltryingtofindoutwhichroutetotakeandwhatviewstowatchreallybroughtusclosertogether.Thegreatthingaboutnatureisthat,it’sjustyou,theviews,andthepeoplearoundyou.There’snothingtheretobotheryouandit’sthebestwaytorelaxandenjoyyourself.Yosemitehas5oftheworld’shighestwaterfalls,andabout300lakes.Thestructureofeachmountainisincredible.Someofthemareinadeepdarkcolorwithwaterfallsforming,whilesomeareformedwithspotsofgr?enthatreachhighuptothesky.It’sdefinitelysomethingyouwouldn’twanttomiss.Theparkalsohasvariouswildlifespeciesthathangaroundyou.Yosemiteisn’ttheonlygreatNationalParkbutbasedonmyexperienceIhighlyrecommendgoingoutandenjoyingnaturewithfamilyandfriends.It’sagreattimetocontactfriendandfamilies,tolaugh,andtotakeinwhatMotherNaturehastooffer.4.Howdoesthewriterfeelwhileclimbinguprocks?A.Worried. B.Injured. C.Puzzled. D.Pleased.5.WhatattractsthewritermostintheNationalPark?a.Theformsofthemountains.b.Thecolorofthewaterfalls.c.Thestretchingplants.d.Thewanderinganimals.e.Thehuntershereandthere.A.a,b,c B.b,c,e C.a,c,d D.a,d,e6.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofYosemite?A.Itisworthtravellingto. B.Itisjustmadeupofsomehills.C.Itisnotthemostbeautifulpark. D.Itispackedwithvisitorseveryday.7.Whichofthefollowingisrecommendedtodoattheendofthetext?A.VisitingYosemitenowandthen. B.Tryingtoprotecttheenvironment.C.Goingouttoenjoythebeautyofnature. D.Keepingagoodconnectionwithotherpeople.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記述文。文章講解并描述了作者在YosemiteNationalPark(約塞米蒂國家公園）巡游時(shí)的所見、所思?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Climbinguprockswasoneofmyfavoriteparts.EventhoughIfellacoupleoftimes,Istillhadalotoffun.(爬上巖石是我最寵愛的部分之一。雖然我摔了幾次，但我還是玩得很歡樂)”可知，作者攀登巖石時(shí)的是感到興奮的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“Thestructureofeachmountainisincredible.Someofthemareinadeepdarkcolorwithwaterfallsforming,whilesomeareformedwithspotsofgreenthatreachhighuptothesky.It’sdefinitelysomethingyouwouldn’twanttomiss.Theparkalsohasvariouswildlifespeciesthathangaroundyou.(每座山的結(jié)構(gòu)都令人難以置信。有些是深暗的顏色與瀑布形成，而另一些則形成高達(dá)天空的綠色斑點(diǎn)。這確定是你不想錯(cuò)過的東西，公園里還有各種各樣的野生動(dòng)物在你四周徘徊)”可知，國家公園里最吸引作者的是山的形態(tài)、伸展的植物以及閑逛的動(dòng)物。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“Itactuallyendedupbeingafunandadventurousexperience.(這事實(shí)上是一次好玩而冒險(xiǎn)的閱歷)”以及最終一段“Yosemiteisn’ttheonlygreatNationalParkbutbasedonmyexperienceIhighlyrecommendgoingoutandenjoyingnaturewithfamilyandfriends.It’sagreattimetocontactfriendandfamilies,tolaugh,andtotakeinwhatMotherNaturehastooffer.(Yosemite并不是唯一一個(gè)宏大的國家公園，但依據(jù)我的閱歷，我猛烈建議你和家人摯友一起出去享受大自然。這是一個(gè)與摯友和家人聯(lián)系，歡樂和接受大自然母親所供應(yīng)的奇異時(shí)間)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為Yosemite是值得去旅行的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“It’sagreattimetocontactfriendandfamilies,tolaugh,andtotakeinwhatMotherNaturehastooffer.(這是一個(gè)與摯友和家人聯(lián)系，歡樂和接受大自然母親所供應(yīng)的奇異時(shí)間)”可推知，在文章末尾，作者建議出去享受大自然的漂亮。故選C項(xiàng)。CCanartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺瞞)detectionforaboutadecade.Thefirstthingthatresearchersworkingonartificialintelligenceandmachinelearningneedisdata.InthecaseoftheworkthatMlhalceadid,theybeganwithvideosfromactualcourtcases.Forexample,adefendantspeakinginatrialinwhichheisfoundtohavecommittedacrimecouldprovideanexampleofdeceit;theyalsoemployedwordsfromwitnessesaseitherexampleoftruthfulordeceitfulstatements.Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimatelyhadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.Onethingthesystemnoticedistheuseofpronouns—peoplewhoarelyingwouldtendtolessoftenusetheword“I”or“we”,Mihalceaexplains.“Instead,peoplewhoarelyingwouldmoreoftenuse‘you,’‘yours’.”Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”suchas“absolutely,”and“very,”thatreflectcertainty,whileinterestingly,peopletellingthetruthweremorelikelytousewordssuchas“maybe”or“probably.”Asforgestures,shepointsoutthatsomeonebeingdeceitfulwouldbemorelikelytolookdirectlyintotheeyesofthepersonquestioningthem.Theyalsotendedtousebothhandswhengesturing.However,Mlhalcea’sworkis“farfromperfection,”sheadmits.“Asaresearcher,wearecontentthatwewereabletogetto75percentaccuracy.Butlookedatanotherway,that’sanerrorrateofoneinfour.”Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”8.Howdidresearcherscreatethedeceitdetectionusingartificialintelligence?A.Theyinterviewedcriminalsincourtcases.B.TheyinvolvedAIsysteminareal-lifetrial.C.Theyemployedwitnessestoidentifydishonestcriminals.D.Theyfedthesystemwithbothtruthfulanddeceitfulstatements.9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaliarlikelytodo?A.Gesturewithonehand. B.Questionothersdirectly.C.Usepronounsrepeatedly. D.Speakwithstrongcertainty.10.WhatdoesMlhalceathinkofherwork?A.Itcompletelylivesuptoherexpectation.B.Itcanbeusedasanaidforhumanbeings.C.Itcanreplacehumanbeingstouncoveralie.D.Itsuccessfullylowerstheerrorrateofdetection.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheuseofpronounsandgesturesinlieB.RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetectionC.ThelimitationsofcurrentliedetectiontechnologyD.Accuracyrateofmachinelearningdeceitdetectors【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了人工智能欺瞞探測器以及它是如何工作的，同時(shí)人工智能技術(shù)可以作為人類的幫助手段?！?題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Altogether,theyanalyzed121videos—abouthalfrepresenteddishoneststatements,andhalftruthful.Itwasthisdatathattheyusedtobuildmachinelearningdeceitdetectorsthatultimatelyhadbetweena60to75percentaccuracyrate.(他們總共分析了121個(gè)視頻，其中一半是不懇切的陳述，一半是真實(shí)的陳述。正是這些數(shù)據(jù)，他們用來制造機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)欺瞞探測器，最終的精確率在60%到75%之間)”可知，探討人員向系統(tǒng)輸入法庭上的真話和謊言進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，以此訓(xùn)練他們的測謊實(shí)力。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Besides,someonetellingaliewoulduse“strongerwords”suchas“absolutely,”and“very,”thatreflectcertainty(此外，說謊的人會(huì)運(yùn)用“確定”和“特別”等“更猛烈的詞”來反映確定性)”可知，撒謊者說話時(shí)措辭比較強(qiáng)硬，會(huì)運(yùn)用“確定、特別”等體現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)確定性詞語，即說話時(shí)很有把握。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Ultimately,sheseestechnologylikethisasbeingassistiveforpeople—itcouldindicatethatitnoticedsomething“unusual”inaspeaker’sstatement,andthenperhapshaveaperson“investigatemore.”(最終，她認(rèn)為這樣的技術(shù)對人們是有幫助的——例如，它可以表明它留意到說話者的陳述中有一些“不尋?！钡牡胤?，然后可能讓一個(gè)人“進(jìn)一步調(diào)查”)”可推知，人工智能技術(shù)可以作為人類的幫助手段。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Canartificialintelligenceuncoveraliar?Itsoundslikesciencefiction,butsuchanAIsystemispossible.RadaMihalcea,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan,hasworkedondeceit(欺瞞)detectionforaboutadecade.(人工智能能發(fā)覺騙子嗎？這聽起來像科幻小說，但這樣的人工智能系統(tǒng)是可能的。密歇根高校計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與工程教授RadaMihalcea探討欺瞞檢測已有十年左右的時(shí)間)”以及后文可知，本文主要介紹了RadaMihalcea探討人工智能欺瞞探測器的開發(fā)原理、當(dāng)前的發(fā)覺，以及對其評價(jià)。由此可知，RadaMihalcea’sresearchonliedetection適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。DHowdotheworld’sonlyflyingmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)communicate?Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew“dialects”simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly,makingthemoneofthefewanimalsknowntobecapableofvoicelearning.“Thesebatsmayhelpusclarifythedevelopmentofspeechlearningskills,”saysYosefPrat,aPhDatTelAvivUniversity.Foroneyear,researchersraised14Egyptianfruitbabybatswiththeirmothersincontrolledarea,surroundingeachyoungbatwithtwodifferentvoices:thenaturalcallofitsmotherandadistinctrecordingthatvariedinloudnessortone.Theyfoundthatthebabybatsineachgroupdevelopedadialectliketherecording.“Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvoicesindespiteofwhattheyhear,andthathumanvoicelearningabilitieshavedevelopedastimegoesby,”saysMr.Prat.“Thefindingthatbatslearnthecommondialectintheirrestplacewasunusual.”Scientistsknowlittleabouttheoriginofspokenlanguage,whichisbelievedtohaveappearedinhumanswithinthepast500,000years.Adiversityoftheoriesattemptstogiveadetailedclarificationofthisskill,butnonehavedonesoconclusively.“Studyingvoicecommunicationandvoicelearninginanimalmodelsisaveryusefulwaytoapproachtheproblem,”saysOlgaFeher,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Butanimalvoicesandhumanspeechareverydifferentthings,saysJaminPelkey,aprofessoratRyersonUniversity.“Allspeciescommunicate.Unlikeotheranimals,though,humanbeingsareabletousesoundpatternsforfunctionsthatarefarstranger—functionsthatareimaginative,theoretical,andcritical.Whenspeechisinvolvedinthesestrangerfunctions,thatiswhatwemeanbyspoken‘language’.‘‘12.Howdoyoungbatspickuptheir“l(fā)anguage”accordingtotheresearch?A.Byhearingitconstantly. B.Byinteractingwithpartners.C.Bylearningfromresearchers. D.Byrepeatingitwiththeirmothers.13.WhydoesMr.Pratthinkthefindingsunusual?A.Itisdistinctfromthegeneralassumption.B.Ithelpspeopleunderstandhumanvoiceleaning.C.Itprovesanimalsonlydeveloptheirinbornvoices.D.Itmakesthepreviousassumptionmoreconvincing.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“problem”inParagraph4referto?A.Illustratingtheoriginofanimalvoices.B.Givingafullaccountofspokenlanguage.C.Helpinganimalsdeveloptheirbornvoices.D.Tellingthedifferencesbetweenanimalvoicesandhumanspeech.15.WhatdoesprofessorPelkeythinkofresearchingyoungbats?A.Itisnotsorelevanttounderstandinghumanspeech.B.Itpromotespeopletouseimaginativesoundpatterns.C.Itisessentialforanalyzinganimalvoicelearningskills.D.Ithelpspeopleexploremorefunctionsofspokenlanguage.【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文?？茖W(xué)家嘗試用幼蝙蝠在兩種不同環(huán)境下的聲音習(xí)得，揭開人類口頭語言的起源之謎。【12題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew“dialects”simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly,makingthemoneofthefewanimalsknowntobecapableofvoicelearning.(探討人員視察到，小蝙蝠僅僅通過反復(fù)聽就能學(xué)會(huì)新的“同源語”，這使它們成為已知少數(shù)能夠?qū)W習(xí)聲音的動(dòng)物之一)”可知，小蝙蝠是一遍又一遍的聽，來習(xí)得它們的“語言”的。故選A?！?3題詳解】微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段““Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvoicesindespiteofwhattheyhear,andthathumanvoicelearningabilitieshavedevelopedastimegoesby,”saysMr.Prat.“Thefindingthatbatslearnthecommondialectintheirrestplacewasunusual.”(普拉特先生說：“這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的普遍假設(shè)是，大多數(shù)動(dòng)物不管聽到什么，都會(huì)發(fā)展出天生的聲音，而人類的聲音學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力是隨著時(shí)間的推移而發(fā)展起來的。蝙蝠在休息的地方學(xué)習(xí)通用語言的發(fā)覺是不尋常的?！?”可知，普拉特認(rèn)為這些發(fā)覺不同尋常因?yàn)樗煌谝话愕募僭O(shè)。故選A?！?4題詳解】詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段“Scientistsknowlittleabouttheoriginofspokenlanguage,whichisbelievedtohaveappearedinhumanswithinthepast500,000years.Adiversityoftheoriesattemptstogiveadetailedclarificationofthisskill,butnonehavedonesoconclusively.(科學(xué)家們對口語的起源知之甚少，人們認(rèn)為人類在過去的50萬年里就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了口語。各種各樣的理論試圖對這種技能給出具體的說明，但沒有一個(gè)理論能得出結(jié)論性的結(jié)論)”可知，科學(xué)家對口頭語言的起源幾近無知，很多理論想要具體闡述口頭語言，且至今尚無結(jié)論，所以通過上下文的語境可以推斷出“problem”指的是“具體闡述口頭語言”。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Butanimalvoicesandhumanspeechareverydifferentthings,saysJaminPelkey,aprofessoratRyersonUniversity.(但是動(dòng)物的聲音和人類的語言是特別不同的東西，瑞爾森高校的教授JaminPelkey說)”可推知，蝙蝠的試驗(yàn)結(jié)論與理解人類語言關(guān)系不大。故選A。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Todayitiscommontoseepeoplewhowalkaboutwithcoloredwireshangingfromtheirearswherevertheygo.Theymoveaboutintheirpersonalbubbles,sometimesunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theywalkaroundintheirownspaces,withtheirpersonal“digitalnoisereductionsystems”.___16___.Soareyouoneof“them”?Forme,walkingaroundinmyownpersonalbubbleisperfect.Afterall,Iamlisteningtomyfavouritemusicandwouldrathernotbebothered.What’sevenbetter,wearingearphonesseemstogiveasignaltopeoplewhichsays,“___17___.”Supposeyou’reatworkandabouttomakeanincredibleadvance,butacolleaguesuddenlyturnsup.Hissuddenappearancewouldbreakyourconcentrationandcausemistakes.___18___.Onceagain,thosewireshangingfromyourearswouldbesuretogivethat“Goaway!”signal.___19___.It’sprobablypartofthegrowingupstagewhentheyjustwanttoignoretheirwholefamily.Whiletheirmothersgivethemlecturesaboutwhytheyshoulddotheirhomework,theycanjustturnupthevolumeontheirMP3player,smile,andsay“Yes,Mum.”Problemsolved.Prettysoon,notonlywillwehaveprettycoloredwireshangingfromourears,butalsoourbrainswillbedirectlyfilledwithsomenewhigh-techinstruments.We’llbeinavirtualworld,communicatingwitheveryoneelse,orchoosingnotto,aswelike.___20___.Andtheyarechangingoursocialhabitsalongtheway.Intheend,thereisathinlinebetweenusingtechnologyasatoolformakinglifebetterandbeingcontrolledbyit!It’ssostrange—suddenly,Idon’tfeellikewearingmyearphonesanymore.A.Outsidelifeisshutout.B.Ourdevicesarechangingquickly.C.Ialsohavewireshangingfrommyears.D.I’mnotavailableforchattingatthemoment!E.Inthehomesituation,teenagersareattractedtothesewires.F.Idon’thavetheresponsibilitytodealwiththenoisefromtheenvironment.G.Listeningtomusicthroughearphonesistheperfectwaytoignoresuchtrouble.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。當(dāng)今隨處可見帶著耳機(jī)的青少年們，他們沉醉在自己的世界里，與外界隔絕。戴耳機(jī)有很多好處，可以省去很多打攪和麻煩?？萍甲兏巳藗兊纳盍?xí)慣，原來是為了使生活更奇異，但人們好像在漸漸成為它們的奴隸。【16題詳解】依據(jù)上文“Todayitiscommontoseepeoplewhowalkaboutwithcoloredwireshangingfromtheirearswherevertheygo.Theymoveaboutintheirpersonalbubbles,sometimesunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theywalkaroundintheirownspaces,withtheirpersonal“digitalnoisereductionsystems”.(今日，隨處可見人們走到哪里，耳朵上都掛著彩色的電線。他們在自己的泡泡里走來走去，有時(shí)不知道四周發(fā)生了什么。他們帶著自己的“數(shù)字降噪系統(tǒng)”在自己的空間里走來走去)”可知，本段介紹耳機(jī)一族的生活現(xiàn)狀。依據(jù)“Theywalkaroundintheirownspaces”可知戴上耳機(jī)，他們沉醉在自己的圈子里里，而外面的生活被拒之門外。A選項(xiàng)“外面的生活被拒之門外”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)上文“Forme,walkingaroundinmyownpersonalbubbleisperfect.Afterall,Iamlisteningtomyfavouritemusicandwouldrathernotbebothered.What’sevenbetter,wearingearphonesseemstogiveasignaltopeoplewhichsays,(對我來說，走在我自己的泡泡里是完備的。終歸，我在聽我最寵愛的音樂，不想被打攪。更棒的是，戴耳機(jī)好像給了人們一個(gè)信號(hào)……)”可知，本句承接上文說明：戴上耳機(jī)就好像在告知?jiǎng)e人“我現(xiàn)在沒空跟你閑聊”。D選項(xiàng)“我現(xiàn)在沒空閑聊”符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)前文“Hissuddenappearancewouldbreakyourconcentrationandcausemistakes.(他的出現(xiàn)會(huì)使你留意力不集中和犯錯(cuò))”以及后一句“Onceagain,thosewireshangingfromyourearswouldbesuretogivethat“Goaway!”signal.(你耳朵上的耳機(jī)會(huì)給四周的人會(huì)給出“走開，請勿打攪”的示意)”可知，空格處與后一句為并列關(guān)系，說明耳機(jī)在不被人所打攪方面所起的作用。且G項(xiàng)中的suchtrouble指代同事的干擾這種麻煩事。G選項(xiàng)“通過耳機(jī)聽音樂是忽視這些麻煩的最佳方式”符合語境。故選G?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)后一句“It’sprobablypartofthegrowingupstagewhentheyjustwanttoignoretheirwholefamily.(這可能是成長階段的一部分，他們只想忽視整個(gè)家庭)”可知，所以這一段主要講青少年在家里戴耳機(jī)的緣由。故E選項(xiàng)“青少年寵愛在家里運(yùn)用耳機(jī)”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)后一句“Andtheyarechangingoursocialhabitsalongtheway.(同時(shí)它們也在變更我們的社會(huì)習(xí)慣)”可知，and提示空格處與后一句為并列關(guān)系，且話題一樣，指出設(shè)備在變更。故B項(xiàng)“我們的設(shè)備在快速變更”符合語境，故選B。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。FrancisKéréisthefirstAfricantowinthePritzkerPrize,knownastheNobelPrizeofarchitecture.However,hisjourneytothetopofhisfieldwasfarfrom___21___.Growingupinavillagewheretherewasnokindergarten,hewas___22___intoanextremelyhotclassroomwithover100studentsuntilsevenyearsold.Thisexperienceofpoorbuildingfacilitiespromotedhisearliest___23___toimprovetheeducationallivesoflocalchildren,usingarchitecture.Hisearlyreputationcameinhelping___24___aschoolinhisvillageaftergraduatingfromcollege.He___25___thewholevillagetoprovideideasanddrewthe___26___onsandforalltosee.___27___,heemployedthemtoconstructtheschool,usinglocalwoodandlocalclay(黏土).Theresultoftheirhardworkwasawelcomingstructurewitha“floating”roofthat___28___passiveventilation(通風(fēng))inahotclimateandwallopeningsthatbring___29___forstudentstolearnevenwithoutelectricity.Heshowedthevillagersthatideasto___30___climateorotherchallengesarealwaysathand.Inthisprocess,localpeoplelearned___31___skillsthattheycouldlaterusetofindwork.Bycooperatingwiththem,Kéré___32___theideathatclimatesolutionsstartedwithbiginstitutions.He___33___thateveryonecouldcontributetoaddressingthemajorissuesrelatedtoeducationandclimateand___34___aglobalimpactbyactinglocally.Employedbyarchitectsindozensofcountries,his___35___isrootedinthe“unique”aspectsofeachcommunitynow.21.A.reliable B.rewarding C.simple D.professional22.A.accompanied B.crowded C.persuaded D.forced23.A.confidence B.patience C.appetite D.ability24.A.design B.donate C.integrate D.occupy25.A.forbade B.warned C.commanded D.encouraged26.A.plot B.draft C.gesture D.clue27.A.Merely B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Moreover28.A.blocks B.affects C.lowers D.allows29.A.hope B.light C.desire D.imagination30.A.dealwith B.bringabout C.findout D.leaveoff31.A.physical B.practical C.educational D.commercial32A.challenged B.implied C.formed D.advocated33.A.doubted B.opposed C.promised D.demonstrated34.A.receive B.access C.create D.witness35.A.patent B.innovation C.expectation D.guess【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.D29.B30.A31.B32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。介紹非洲聞名建筑師FrancisKéré是第一位獲得被稱為建筑界諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的普利茲克獎(jiǎng)的非洲人，他通過設(shè)計(jì)更加好用的學(xué)校來幫助改善當(dāng)?shù)貎和慕袒??！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的巔峰之旅遠(yuǎn)非如此簡潔。A.reliable牢靠的；B.rewarding有意義的；C.simple簡潔的；D.professional專業(yè)的。依據(jù)下文“Growingupinavillagewheretherewasnokindergarten(在一個(gè)沒有幼兒園的村莊長大)”可知，F(xiàn)rancisKéré誕生貧寒，因此可推想他的建筑領(lǐng)域之路坎坷坎坷，并沒有那么簡潔。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在一個(gè)沒有幼兒園的村莊長大，直到7歲，他才被擠在一間酷熱的教室里，教室里有100多名學(xué)生。A.accompanied陪伴；B.crowded擠滿；C.persuaded勸服；D.tricked欺瞞。依據(jù)下文“withover100students”可知，一個(gè)教室容納一百多個(gè)學(xué)生，教室里面應(yīng)當(dāng)是人擠人。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這段簡陋的建筑設(shè)施的閱歷激發(fā)了他最初的愛好——用建筑來改善當(dāng)?shù)貎和慕袒?。A.confidence自信；B.patience耐性；C.appetite食欲，愛好，愛好；D.ability實(shí)力。依據(jù)后文“toimprovetheeducationallivesoflocalchildren,usingarchitecture.”指這段簡陋的建筑設(shè)施的閱歷激發(fā)了他對建筑改善教化生活的愛好，故選C。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他早年的名聲來自于高校畢業(yè)后在村里幫助設(shè)計(jì)的一所學(xué)校。A.design設(shè)計(jì)；B.donate捐獻(xiàn)；C.integrate合并；D.occupy運(yùn)用。依據(jù)上文“toimprovetheeducationallivesoflocalchildren,usingarchitecture”可知，他改善兒童教化生活的方式是建筑，及設(shè)計(jì)更合適的建筑。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他激勵(lì)全村人供應(yīng)想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓全部人都能看到。A.forbade禁止；B.warned警告；C.commanded囑咐；D.encouraged激勵(lì)。依據(jù)下文“toprovideideas”和“Theresultoftheirhardworkwasawelcomingstructurewitha“floating”roof(他們努力工作的結(jié)果是，一個(gè)受歡迎的帶有“浮動(dòng)”屋頂?shù)慕ㄖ?”可知推想村民們提出了自己的想法，而他們之所以能提出想法，應(yīng)當(dāng)是得到了FrancisKéré的激勵(lì)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他激勵(lì)全村人供應(yīng)想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓全部人都能看到。A.plot情節(jié)；B.draft草稿；C.gesture手勢；D.clue線索。依據(jù)上文“toprovideideasanddrew”可知，要修建房子，畫的確定是所提出想法的草圖。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，他還讓他們參與建立學(xué)校，運(yùn)用當(dāng)?shù)氐哪静暮驼惩?。A.Merely僅僅；B.Otherwise否則；C.Therefore因此；D.Moreover此外。依據(jù)上文“Heencouragedthewholevillagetoprovideideasanddrewthedraftonsandforalltosee.(他激勵(lì)全村人供應(yīng)想法，并在沙子上繪制草圖，讓全部人都能看到)”可知，他已經(jīng)讓村民們參與想法和草圖制作，本句中還讓他們參與實(shí)際的建立，與上文存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們努力工作的結(jié)果是建立了一個(gè)令人歡迎的建筑，它有一個(gè)“漂移”的屋頂，可以在燥熱的氣候中通風(fēng)，墻壁開口可以為學(xué)生供應(yīng)光，即使沒有電也可以學(xué)習(xí)。A.blocks阻礙，堵塞；B.affects影響；C.lowers降低；D.allows允許。依據(jù)上文“a“floating”roof”可知，因?yàn)槲蓓斒瞧频?，為通風(fēng)供應(yīng)了便利，即允許更好的通風(fēng)。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們努力工作的結(jié)果是建立了一個(gè)令人歡迎的結(jié)構(gòu)，它有一個(gè)“漂移”的屋頂，可以在燥熱的氣候中通風(fēng)，墻壁開口可以為學(xué)生供應(yīng)光，即使沒有電也可以學(xué)習(xí)。A.hope希望；B.light光線；C.desire渴望；D.imagination想象。依據(jù)下文“tolearnevenwithoutelectricity(在沒電的狀況下學(xué)習(xí))”可知，這個(gè)學(xué)校的建筑能供應(yīng)足夠自然光。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：他向村民們展示了應(yīng)對氣候或其他挑戰(zhàn)的想法。A.dealwith應(yīng)對；B.bringabout引起；C.findout發(fā)覺；D.leaveoff停止。依據(jù)上文“allowventilation(通風(fēng))inahotclima