完整版專四英語語法考點(diǎn)

PAGE5語法考點(diǎn)之一：虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)1.If從句中的虛擬語氣1、與過去事實(shí)相反：從句sbhaddone，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone；1.I___thepartymuchmoreiftherehadn’tbeenquitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.1996A.wouldenjoyB.willhaveenjoyedC.wouldhaveenjoyedD.willbeenjoying2.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.2000A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’t省略if，從句的語序用到裝，即將were,had或should移至主語的前面，但否定詞not不前移。3.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.2008A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget4.______youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.1994A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.IrealizedthatD.AsIrealized5.___,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.1995A.

Hadn'thebeentakengoodcareofB.

HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.

HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD.

Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof6.___forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.2002A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot2、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句sbdid(were)，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do；1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasiertolearn.2009

A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he________abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.2005A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.Were3、與將來事實(shí)相反：從句sbdid(should+do或were+todo)，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do。1._____you_____furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.2005A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had4、錯(cuò)綜條件句：主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間段。比如：從句對(duì)過去虛擬，而主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬，即從句sbhaddone，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do；1.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.2007A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving考點(diǎn)2：表示建議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語用（should)+動(dòng)詞原形。1.Heleftordersthatnothing______toucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.1997A.shouldbeB.oughttobeC.mustbeD.wouldbe2.Sheaskedthatshe______allowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody.1993A.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.was考點(diǎn)3：Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative（必要的，命令的）,incredible（難以置信的，驚人的）等從句，謂語用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。1.Itisnecessarythathe____theassignmentwithoutdelay.2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin2.ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam____hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.2007A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continues3.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.2006A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto4.Itisimperativethatstudents____theirtermpapersontime.2004A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin考點(diǎn)4：itis(high/about)timethat的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。例如:1.It’shightimewe__cuttingdowntherainforests.2006AstoppedBhadtostopCshallstopDstop考點(diǎn)5：muchas"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用wouldhavedone表示假設(shè)。1.Muchas____,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.1999A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto考點(diǎn)6：ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引導(dǎo)從句，與過去事實(shí)相反：had+done；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動(dòng)詞過去式；與將來事實(shí)相反：could/would+do。1.IfonlyI__playtheguitaraswellasyou!2006AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight2.Hetalksonandonasifhewouldneverend.考點(diǎn)7：wouldrather/sooner從句中A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notacceptingb選項(xiàng)表示的是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生事件的陳述,指示某一次特殊的情況.d選項(xiàng)表示的是一般性的情況,不特指某一次特殊的情況（2）介詞后的ing：prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止…做…；spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做…方面花錢、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢；how/whataboutdoingsth做…怎么樣了？；Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在…方面有些困難；Thereisnosenseindoing(做…是沒有理由的)；Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、懲罰某人1.Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofus_____awalkintheparknearby?2009

A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking2.Thoughherfatherneverapprovedof______todramaschool,shebecameawell-knownactress.1991A.going B.hertogoC.hergoing D.hergo（3）接動(dòng)名詞做介詞to的賓語：applyoneselfto致力于；beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于；confessto供認(rèn)；cometo談到；devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；getdownto著手做；givewayto對(duì)…讓步；leadto導(dǎo)致；lookforwardto期待；nextto幾乎；objectto反對(duì)；payattentionto注意；stickto堅(jiān)持；standupto勇敢面對(duì)；turnto求助于；beusedto習(xí)慣于1.What’sthechanceof________ageneralelectionthisyear?2005A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.theregoingtobe2.Themeetingwasputoffbecausewe__________ameetingwithoutJohn.2005A.objectedhavingB.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohaveD.objectedtohaving考點(diǎn)3：分詞（1）從語態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般表主動(dòng)，過去分詞一般表被動(dòng)；（2）從時(shí)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示過去。如果分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，分詞用完成時(shí)。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。*非謂語動(dòng)詞解題三步曲：一、首先確定主句；二、分析主動(dòng)被動(dòng)；三、分析動(dòng)作先后1._____shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.2010A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.Nottobetall2."Themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm'slawyer"hasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT.2009

A.themanwhohaspreparedthedocuments...B.themanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocuments...

C.themanwhoispreparingthedocuments...D.themanwhowillpreparethedocuments...3.______atinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.2000A.LookingB.lookedC.BeinglookedD.tolook4.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.2004A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated5.______,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998A.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchB.NotobtainingaticketforthematchC.NothavingobtainedaticketforthematchD.Notobtainedaticketforthematch6.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,______insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredC.wasbeingconsideredD.beingconsidered7.Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder______outandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995A.throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrown8.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce_____nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired考點(diǎn)4：獨(dú)立主格（句中沒有連接詞，逗號(hào)分開兩個(gè)句子，存在兩個(gè)主語。形式：名詞/代詞＋分詞）。(1)分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的“主語”，相當(dāng)于各種形式的狀語，表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作、情況或表原因(2)介詞（with）+名詞+形容詞/副詞+分詞，表示伴隨行動(dòng)做或補(bǔ)充說明1.Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat______byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.2003A.isB.beenC.beD.being2.Time______,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.2003A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits3.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.2000A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be4._____nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.Therebeing5.Thecountry’schiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars______themostimportantofthese.1994A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeing6.Thetaperecorder___outoforder,thestudentsdidnotknowwhattodo.1990A.was B.BeingC.hasbeen D.wasbeing語法考點(diǎn)之四：定語從句

關(guān)系代詞：which（指sth作主語或賓語），that（指sb或sth作主語或賓語），who（指sb作主語或賓語），whom（指sb作賓語），whose（指sb或sth，作定語）,as（指sb,sth作主語或賓語）;做賓語的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。關(guān)系副詞：when（指時(shí)間onwhich），where（指地點(diǎn)atwhich），why（指原因forwhich）考點(diǎn)1.先行詞為人時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞who和that(1)只能用who不用that：1)當(dāng)先行詞為one(s),anyone,those時(shí)；2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時(shí)。(2)只能用that不用who：1)當(dāng)主句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)who時(shí)。2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。1.Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnottheman_______hewastwentyyearsago.2003A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom考點(diǎn)2.先行詞為物時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that和which(1)只能用that不用which：1)先行詞為much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代詞。2）先行詞既有人又有物。3）先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。4）先行詞被thevery,theonly,thelast,just,all,any,every,no等修飾。5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。6)在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中。7)主句是therebe句型。1.Iwasveryinterestedin_____shetoldme.2009

A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.That2.Thereisnooneintheworld______.1991A.thatevermademistakesB.thathasevermademistakesC.thatnevermakesmistakesD.thatsometimesmakesmistakes(2)只能用which不用that:1)定語從句中的介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which;Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)只能用which,其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。1.Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,_____issomethingwehadnotexpected.2003A.whichB.itC.thatD.what2.We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,____shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.2002A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They考點(diǎn)3：介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom)(1)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定方法：定語從句的動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，或者從句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣性搭配。1.Theparty,__Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.2006A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich2.I’veneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity_______.1999A.I’dmostliketovisitB.whichIliketovisitmostlyC.whereIliketovisitD.I’dlikemuchtovisit3.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity________.1997A.whereIliketovisitmostB.I'dmostliketovisit.C.whichIliketovisitmostlyD.whereI'dlikemosttovisit(2)Whose從句1.Abovethetreesarethehills,_______magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.2003A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which考點(diǎn)4：關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用⑴先行詞為“時(shí)間的名詞”用when1.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast____shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.1998A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when⑵先行詞為“表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”用where1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation_____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?2002A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.Where⑶先行詞為“表示原因的名詞”why：reason＋why…（表示原因的名詞只有一個(gè)）考點(diǎn)5：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as放在句首句中都可以，which必需放在句中，但下列情況多用as:1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2)當(dāng)與suchas或thesame連用時(shí)，一般用as。3)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致，which無此限制：Hewentabroad,as[which]wasexpected.他出國(guó)了，正如大家預(yù)料到的。Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.他出國(guó)了，這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as)1.Onlytaketheseclothes______reallynecessary.1994A.aswereB.astheyareC.astheywereD.asare2._____isoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.1994A.ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As注意：定語從句中主謂一致問題：從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishwell.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsEnglishwell.(特殊)語法考點(diǎn)之五：狀語從句考點(diǎn)1：時(shí)間狀語從句連接詞：when,while,as,till/until,before,after,since,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,theminute,nosooner..thanhardly…when等(1)whenever1.Comeandseemewhenever_____.(1997)A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyou(2)Nosoonerthan/hardly..when/scarcely..when一.就..用于句首要求倒裝1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.2009

A.whenB.asC.untilD.Than考點(diǎn)2：條件狀語從句連接詞：if,unlessso/aslongas,onconditionthat（條件是），as(so)faras(據(jù)..所知),providedthat（要是，如果），incase(假使，如果)，onlyif（只有）等onlyif只有1.____bothsidesaccepttheagreement____alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.2004A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,wouldunless除非1.Youwon’tgetaloan______youcanoffersomesecurity.1996A.lestB.incaseC.unlessD.otherthan2.___Iwasverymuchmistaken,therewassomethingwrongwithLouise.1995A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since考點(diǎn)3：原因狀語從句連接詞：Because,since,as(放句首),for,nowthat(既然，由于）,when(既然),consideringthat（顧及到）,seeingthat（由于），inthat因?yàn)?既然1.Mendifferfromanimals____theycanthinkandspeak.2008A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich2.Barryhasanadvantageoverhismother____hecouldspeakFrench.(2001)A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat考點(diǎn)4：讓步狀語從句連接詞:though,although,as,evenif/though,whatever,however,wherever,while等引導(dǎo)。(1)while盡管1.______Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.2001A.aslongasB.asC.whileD.even(2)as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀從倒裝As/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，必須將表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面。Tryagainas/thoughhewill,hecan’tsucceed.此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：一、若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略不定冠詞；Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.二、若提前的是動(dòng)詞原形(多為不及物動(dòng)詞)，與之連用的通常是may,might,will,would等，這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語后)。Swimas/thoughhecan,hecan’tswimsofar.三、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一定要倒裝，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不一定要倒裝，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不要倒裝。四、讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。1.Fool____Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.2010/2002A.whoB.asC.likeD.that2._________,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.2005A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.SinceheisasocialistEvenif即使，讓步(3)muchas雖然，盡管1.____hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.2008A.MuchthoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch2._______IlikeeconomicsIlikesociologymuchbetter.2003A.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchas3.____heneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(1998)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.thoughmuch(4)forall+n盡管1._____,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.(1997)A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.ForallhisnotablecontributionsC.HismakingnotablecontributionsD.Howeverhisnotablecontributions(5)however+adj./adv.1.____healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(1999)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask考點(diǎn)5：地點(diǎn)狀語從句:where/wherever（wherever無論哪里）考點(diǎn)聚焦：地點(diǎn)狀語從句和where定語從句的區(qū)別：Tips:判斷是定語從句還是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，要看從句前是否有先行詞，有先行詞的是定語從句，否則是狀語從句?？键c(diǎn)6：方式狀語從句1.Shedidherwork_____hermanagerhadinstructed.2002A.asB.untilC.whenD.though考點(diǎn)7：結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞：sothat(=inorderto),so…that,such…that（太…以至于）(1)somuchsothat到這樣程度以致…1.DoesAlanlikelimburgers?2003Yes.Somuch______thatheeatsthemeveryday.A.forB.asC.toD.so(2)suchthat達(dá)到這樣的程度以致1.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas_____makeevenhisvictimslaugh.1996A.soastoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat考點(diǎn)8：目的狀語從句連接詞：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat（為了防止）,lest（以防）1.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__anopportunitytohearthespeech.2006A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave語法考點(diǎn)之六：名詞從句一、、常見考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)1：主語從句(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句句型：that引導(dǎo)的主語從句直接放在句首的較少，更常見的是用it作形式主語置于句首，而將that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句末，因此，下列都是常見的主語從句句型：1)Itis+過去分詞+that從句：Itisreportedthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallythoughtthat…Itshouldbenotedthat…Ithasbeenfoundthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…同樣可用的動(dòng)詞還有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast2)Itis+形容詞+that從句：Itisclearthat…Itislikelythat…Itispossiblethat…Itisnaturalthat…Itiscertainthat…Itisstrangethat…Itisfortunatethat…Itisnecessarythat…3)Itis+名詞短語+that從句：Itisapitythat…Itisafactthat…Itisgoodnewsthat…Itisagoodthingthat…Itisnowonderthat…Itisashamethat…Itisanhonorthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…Itismybeliefthat…Itisamiraclethat…4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句：Itseemsthat…;Itfollowsthat…;Ithappensthat…;Itturnsoutthat…;Itcomesaboutthat…5)其他結(jié)構(gòu)：Itdawnsupon/onsbthat…;Itoccurstosbthat…;Itmakesnodifferencethat…;Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat…;Itisoflittleconsequencethat…(2)whether及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句一般放在句首?？键c(diǎn)2：賓語從句what/whatever/whoever/whomeverwhoever是人稱代詞的主格形式，一般在句子中作主語；whomever是人稱代詞的賓格形式，故一般作賓語。這兩個(gè)詞都等于thepersonthat。what/whatever等于thething(s)that?？梢岳斫鉃椤跋刃性~+that”。1._____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.2009

A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However2.Thegovernmenthaspromisedtodo____liesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsinthefloodstrickenarea.(2004)A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.wherever3.Shemanagedtosave___shecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.2002A.howlittlemoneyB.solittlemoneyC.suchlittlemoneyD.whatlittlemoneyShegavehimwhatmoneyshehad.Youmaybringwhatphotosyoulike.what用作關(guān)系形容詞，通常與表示少量含義的little，few連用(注：不能與表示多量含義的many，much連用)，表示“雖然少，但把所有的都??”。例如：Thescholarspentwhatlittlemoneyhehadonbooks.IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithmyfamily．IwillgivewhatlittlehelpIcan．“Itwasbuiltbyworkingmenandwomenwhodugintowhatlittlesavingstheyhadtogive$5and$10and$20tothecause.”4.After___seemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.(1999)A.thatB.thereC.whatD.it5.Wecanassignthetaskto_____iscapableandtrustworthy.(1994)A.whomeverB.whoC.whomD.Whoever考點(diǎn)3：表語從句(1)表語從句通常是置于系動(dòng)詞，尤其是is后邊。1.Qualityis____countsmost.2008A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where考點(diǎn)4：同位語從句(1)“名詞+that+陳述句”句型：(2)nodoubt+that/doubt+whether1.Thereisnodoubt____thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.(2001)A.whyB.thatC.whetherD.when語法考點(diǎn)串講之七：主謂一致1)“就遠(yuǎn)原則”:在“A+(with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,including,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan)+B”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與之B一致。1.MrWells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,____forEuropethisafternoon.2004A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.Leave2)就近原則：neither…nor…,(either)…or…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…等并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)采取就近原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由與其最接近的那個(gè)主語的數(shù)決定。1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because____goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.2003A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare3)morethanone+n/Manya+n/EveryAandeveryB/NoAandnoB/oneandahalf+n謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。注意：more復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone用復(fù)數(shù)，Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.4)由and連接的多個(gè)成分，若表示一種事物或一種概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；若表示的是多個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:breadandbutter,breadandcheese,aknifeandfork,acartandhorse,needleandthread,lawandorder,fishandchips,meatandpotatoes5)如果主語由“the＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),表示一類人，為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。6)people,police,cattle,militia是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,接動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoples指民族。sheep,deer,fish,means,aircraftworks單復(fù)數(shù)同形,動(dòng)詞根據(jù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。7)常見的表示成對(duì)概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：pants,trousers,scissors,scales（天平），glasses,binoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡)，spectacles,bifocals（雙光眼鏡）。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。8)形式上是復(fù)數(shù)（詞尾加s）,但表示單數(shù)概念的詞，謂語用單數(shù)。Works(工廠)、gallows(絞刑架)、politics,statistics,measles,diabetes。若statistics不表示學(xué)科，而表示“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)”時(shí)，則需要復(fù)數(shù)。1.Thestatistics___thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.2006A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove9)書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。1.AllthePresident’sMen______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.2007A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining10)“數(shù)量詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致只與可數(shù)名詞連用只接單數(shù)的EachEvery單數(shù)謂語只接復(fù)數(shù)的Acoupleof，Several,Anumberof復(fù)數(shù)謂語只與不可數(shù)名詞連用Agreatdealof，Alargeamountof單數(shù)謂語與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用均可Notany,Some,Alotof,Plentyof,Most,all,apairof接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語；接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語。語法考點(diǎn)之八：倒裝句考點(diǎn)1：全部倒裝(1)在以now,down,away,here,there等副詞開頭的句子里。Therestandsatalltreeinfrontofourschoolgate.Nowcomesyourturn.(2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)。考點(diǎn)2：部分倒裝(1)Only+狀語位于句首時(shí)Onlyinthiswaycanwemakegreatprogress.(2)否定副詞及短語位于句首時(shí)。

?？嫉脑~或詞語有not,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,bynomeans,innotime等。1.Little_____aboutherownsafety,thoughsheherselfwasingreatdanger.2009

A.shecaredB.shemaycareC.mayshecareD.didshecare(3)so\neither\nor位于句首時(shí)。1.So+助動(dòng)詞+主語：…也一樣。2.So+主語+助動(dòng)詞：…確實(shí)如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，兩件事情用soitis(thesame)withsb1.Itisgoingtobefinetomorrow._______.2009

A.Soisit.B.Soitis.C.Soitdoes.D.Sodoesit.3.Neither和Nor用于否定句，表示“也不，也沒有”。Neither\Nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語1.Heisnotunderarrest,_____anyrestrictiononhim.(1995)A.orthepolicehaveplacedB.orhavethepoliceplacedC.northepolicehaveplacedD.norhavethepoliceplaced(4)在“so+adj./adv.+that…”句式中，將“so+adj./adv.”放在句首時(shí)的倒裝。1.Sobadly_____inthecaraccidentthathehadtostayinhospitalforafewmonths.(1994)A.didheinjureB.injuredhimC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjured(5)notonly…butalso…;not...until句式的倒裝(前倒后不倒)1.Notuntilamonkeyisseveralyearsold__toexhibitsignsofindependencefromitsmother.(1991)A.itdoesbeginB.whenitbeginsC.doesitbeginD.beforeitbegins語法考點(diǎn)之九：反義疑問句1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：(1)反意疑問句的陳述部分謂語有haveto時(shí)，附加疑問句通常用助動(dòng)詞do；反意疑問句的陳述部分為usedto時(shí)，附加問句用助動(dòng)詞did。1.Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,__?2006A.didn’titB.doesn’tthereC.usedn’tit?D.didn’tthere(2)反意疑問句的陳述部分謂語有need時(shí)，need做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，附加疑問句仍用need，need做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，附加問句用助動(dòng)詞do。(3)陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may+主語Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?2)祈使句的反義疑問句：(1)do...,don't...?;don't...,do...,?1.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook,don'tforgettoputitbackonmydesk,_____?2008A.doyouB.don'tyouC.willyouD.won'tyou2.Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,don’tforgettoputitinmydrawer,_____?1997A.doyouB.willyouC.don’tyouD.Won’tyou3.Dohelpyourselftosomefruit,______you?2000A.can’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.won’t3)陳述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問部分用肯定含義。1.Sheseldomgoestothetheatre,_____?2010A.doesn'tsheB.doessheC.wouldsheD.wouldn'tshe4)否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式5)復(fù)合句的反疑疑問句(1)帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定1.Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,______?2003A.hadn’tsheB.hasn’tsheC.wouldn’tsheD.didn’tshe(2)上述部分主句謂語是I/wethink,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句：前肯定句，后用否定句；前有否定句，后面附加問句用肯定。Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?語法考點(diǎn)之十：形容詞比較級(jí)和比較結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)1：原級(jí)比較一般結(jié)構(gòu)as…as;notas…as;thesame…as;1.Thereareasgoodfishinthesea_____evercameoutofit.2007A.thanB.likeC.asD.so考點(diǎn)2：AistoBwhat/asXisY;1.Nineistothree_____threeistoone.2008A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2.Intellectistothemind____sightistothebody.(2001)A.whatB.asC.thatD.Like3.Twelveistothreefouristoone.1998A.whatB.AsC.ThatD.like考點(diǎn)3：倍數(shù)或幾分之幾“A+be+Xtimes+計(jì)量形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B”

“A+be+Xtimes+as+計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí)+as+B”。1.Somedietersfindthataftertheirdietingiso