備考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能第一部分過(guò)透教材Unit2WildlifeProtection新人教版必修第二冊(cè)

Unit2WildlifeProtection一、閱讀理解AAnewrulehasbeenpassedthatwillprotectmorethan50oftheworld’ssharkspecies，manyofwhichareendangered.ThedealwassignedbytheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofWildFaunaandFlora（CITES），whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals.Mostoftheworld’scountriesaremembersofCITES.Thedealputs60sharkspeciesundertheprotectionofCITES.Oneofthereasonssharksareendangeredisthattheyarehuntedfortheirfins（鰭），whichareusedinsharkfinsoup.Thesharksthatarehuntedmostfortheirfinsincludeblueandtigersharks.Thankstothisagreement，around95％ofsharksthatpeoplecatchfortheirfinsarenowprotected.Thismeansthatanyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument.Theseofficialdocumentswillonlybegiventopeopleorcompaniesthathaveprovedtoscientiststhattheirbusinessdoesn’tendangerwildlifeordamagetheocean.Conservationistshopethedealwillprotectbiodiversityinthesea.Sharksareveryimportantforthisbecausetheyareusuallyapexanimalsthathunt，killandeatotheranimals.Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe"foodchain".Ifsharksweretodisappear，itwouldseriouslyaffectsealifelowerdownthefoodchain，assomespecies’numberswouldincreasefast.Thiscouldaffectthedelicatebalanceofallsealife.Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule.Theythinkthatmakingithardertofishforsharkswillmaketheirfinsevenmoreexpensive，whichwouldencourageillegalfishing.However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne，agroupthatcampaignstoprotecttheocean，calledit"thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies".本文是說(shuō)明文，主要圍繞一項(xiàng)旨在管理鯊魚(yú)貿(mào)易的新協(xié)議綻開(kāi)。【詞語(yǔ)積累】endangeredadj.（動(dòng)植物）面臨滅亡的，瀕危的conservationistn.自然環(huán)境疼惜主義者biodiversityn.生物多樣性【熟詞生義】campaign常用義：n.運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役文中義：v.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動(dòng)1.Whywasthenewdealmade？A.Tocontrolthetradeinendangeredsharks.B.Topreservebiodiversityinthesea.C.Tobanpeoplefromfishingforsharks.D.Toprotectendangeredplantsandanimals.解析A微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Thedealwassigned...whichmanageshowpeopledealinplantsandanimals"和其次段中的"Thankstothisagreement...anyonetryingtobuyorsellthesetypesofsharksmustshowanofficialdocument"可知，這一新協(xié)議是用來(lái)管理鯊魚(yú)貿(mào)易的，故選A。2.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"apex"inparagraph3？A.Frightening. B.Major.C.Dangerous. D.Top.解析D詞義揣測(cè)題。由"Thatmeanstheyareatthehighestpointofthe‘foodchain’"可知，鯊魚(yú)通常都是位于食物鏈頂端的動(dòng)物，它們追捕、殺死并吃掉其他動(dòng)物，因此選D。3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewrulefromthelastparagraph？A.Itcanpreventillegalfishing.B.Itisadebatabledeal.C.Itdoeswondersforoceanspecies.D.Itisquestionedbymostbiologists.解析B推理推斷題。由最終一段中的"Somebiologistshavecriticisedthenewrule"以及"However，ShawnHeinrichsfromOnlyOne...calledit‘thebiggestwininthehistoryofoceanspecies’"可知，人們對(duì)這一新協(xié)議的看法并不一樣，有些人支持，有些人反對(duì)，因此這一新協(xié)議是有爭(zhēng)議的，故選B。4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthistext？A.NationsSignUptoSaveSharksB.NewRulesBenefitLifeintheOceanC.SharksAreVitaltoOceanBiodiversityD.CITESAimstoProtectOceanSpecies解析A標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要圍繞一項(xiàng)旨在疼惜鯊魚(yú)的新協(xié)議綻開(kāi)，故選A。B[生態(tài)環(huán)保/2024山東濰坊統(tǒng)考]TheAtlanticsalmon（鮭）ofScotlandarehardyanddeterminedanimals.Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers，leapingupwaterfallsandoverbarriers，pushingthemselvesupstreaminenormousefforts.Somefail，andtheotherssucceed，buttodaytheyfaceanotherchallenge.Duringthemid-1980s，therewerebetweeneightandtenmillionsalmonswimmingaroundScotland’sAtlanticcoast；thatnumberhasnowdroppedsharply.There’sevidenceofrisingat-seadeathasclimatechangewarmsandacidifiestheocean，reducingtheavailabilityofthesalmon’sprey（獵物）.Newresearchsuggestsclimatechangeisalsobearingdownonrivers，whichisbadnewsforsalmon.Havingadaptedtolifeincoldwater，salmonexperienceslowgrowthandpopulationchangesathightemperatures.Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease."Nowsalmonarestrugglingtodealwiththerisingtemperatures.Therearerecentrecordsof27℃intheupperreachesoftheDeecatchment，"saysPeterCairns，directorofanenvironmentalcharity.In2024，Scotlandrecordedthelowestrodcatchforsalmonsincerecordsbegan.Evidencesuggeststhatthedegradedqualityofrivercatchmentsworsenstheimpactofourchangingclimate."AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotlandthatwereoncewaymoreforestedandthereforeshaded，"saysCairns.YetScotlandistodayoneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope，withjust3percentofitsnativewoodlandundamaged.Scientistshavefoundthatjust35percentofriversinScotlandhaveenoughtreecoverforsalmonsurvival.Amovementtogettreesbackonriverbanksisgatheringpace."Broadleaftreesclosetothebankcanreducethelightthatentersthewater，"explainsfisheriesscientistAnthonyHawkins.AnewinitiativecalledRiverwoods—ledbytheScottishWildlifeTrustandsupportedbyScottishWaterandseveralothergovernmentandregulatorybodies—aimstocreateanetworkofwoodlandsalongScotland’sriverbanks，andhasalreadyreceivedanumberoflargefunds."Moneyisnotthepressingbusiness.Riverhealthiscomplex，buttreeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway，"saysCairns.全球變暖給大西洋鮭的生存帶來(lái)了極大的挑戰(zhàn)，為了給大西洋鮭供應(yīng)更好的生存環(huán)境，蘇格蘭有關(guān)部門支配在河岸上植樹(shù)。【詞語(yǔ)積累】hardyadj.能吃苦耐勞的，適應(yīng)力強(qiáng)的；耐寒的acidifyv.（使）變成酸，酸化beardownon加壓力于woodedadj.樹(shù)木覆蓋的pressingadj.緊迫的，不容忽視的1.WhydoAtlanticsalmonmakegreatjourneysbacktotherivers？A.Tosearchforfoods.B.Toreproduce.C.Theriversarerelativelycool.D.Theseasareincreasinglywarm.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Eachspringandsummer，theyreturnfromtheNorthAtlanticOceantolayeggsinScotland’sshallowrivers"可知，大西洋鮭每年春夏之際會(huì)洄游到蘇格蘭去產(chǎn)卵，故B項(xiàng)正確。reproduce繁殖，生育。2.Howdotherisingtemperaturesinriversaffectsalmon？A.Theymakethemgrowmorequickly.B.Theymakethemmoreheat-resistant.C.Theymakethemlessactiveinwater.D.Theymakethemmorelikelytogetdiseases.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段最終一句"Heatinfluencestheirhealthandreducestheirresistancetodisease"可知，高溫影響了大西洋鮭的健康，降低了它們對(duì)疾病的抗拒力，據(jù)此可推知，它們更簡(jiǎn)潔得病，故D項(xiàng)正確。3.WhatisachallengeforsalmonwhentheyreturntoScotland’srivers？A.Thereisashortageoffood.B.Therearemanyfishermen.C.Theecologicalenvironmenthaschanged.D.Theriversystemsareunsuitablefortheforestgrowth.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"‘AtlanticsalmonevolvedusingriversystemsinScotland...oneoftheleastwoodedcountriesinEurope"可知，大西洋鮭已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了蘇格蘭森林茂密的生態(tài)環(huán)境，然而現(xiàn)在的蘇格蘭卻成了歐洲樹(shù)木覆蓋最少的國(guó)家之一，這對(duì)大西洋鮭來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。4.WhatdoesCairnsreallyintendtotellusinthelastparagraph？A.Itisurgenttoplantriverbanktrees.B.Itistoohardtorestoretheriverhealth.C.Thereisenoughmoneyfortheproject.D.Therearetoomanyvitalthingstodealwith.解析A推理推斷題。由最終一段中Cairns所說(shuō)的話中的"treeplantingisoneofthemostbasicthingswecangetstartedwithrightaway"可知，Cairns認(rèn)為種樹(shù)是可以立刻起先著手做的事情之一，據(jù)此可以推斷，Cairns認(rèn)為當(dāng)務(wù)之急是種植河岸樹(shù)木，故A項(xiàng)正確。二、完形填空[2024廣東深圳一調(diào)]NatalieandCallie，both13yearsold，startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脈金斑蝶）forfunin2024.Butafterrealizingmonarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies，their1soonturnedintoaseriousmission.Theylearnedthatthepopulationofmonarchbutterflieshad2sincetheearly1990s，duetohabitat3andwidespreaduseofchemicals，whichmademilkweedsmonarchbutterflies4fortheirmaindietdangeroustoeat.Sothegirlsteamedupwithanationalnonprofitgrouptoplantanativegarden5forthebutterflies.Thegardengreworganicmilkweedsthat6andkeptthebutterflies.Tohelp7thelocalstosustainthemonarchbutterfly’spopulation，theycreatedanexhibitionaboutmonarchbutterfliesinthelocallibrary.Theyalsowantedtoputupaneducationalsignintown，butit8alot.Tocovertheexpense，theysetupastandattheFarmersMarkettoselltheir9milkweedsforpeopletoplant.Althoughthefundraisingdayswere10，theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoneywiththeirhardworkandpeople’ssupport.TheteamhaswontheSilverAwardfortheir11oftakingcareofthesebutterflies，buttheyarenot12withtheirwork."Ournextstepistocutdownontheuseof13toguaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies，"saidNatalie.Intheawardceremony，theirteacherBrian14，"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15."13歲的Natalie和Callie之前把養(yǎng)黑脈金斑蝶當(dāng)作一個(gè)業(yè)余愛(ài)好，但是當(dāng)了解到黑脈金斑蝶是瀕危物種后，她們便起先實(shí)行措施疼惜黑脈金斑蝶。1.A.dream B.hobbyC.career D.decision解析B由上文中的"startedraisingmonarchbutterflies（黑脈金斑蝶）forfun"可知，Natalie和Callie把養(yǎng)黑脈金斑蝶當(dāng)作一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好（hobby）。2.A.doubled B.agedC.declined D.exploded解析C由上文中的"monarchbutterflieswereanendangeredspecies"可知，黑脈金斑蝶的數(shù)量下降（declined）了。 B.assessmentC.selection D.destruction解析D由語(yǔ)境可知，此處說(shuō)的是黑脈金斑蝶數(shù)量下降的緣由。由空后的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和常識(shí)可知，黑脈金斑蝶數(shù)量下降的緣由之一是棲息地遭到了破壞（destruction）。management經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理；assessment評(píng)估，評(píng)定；selection選擇，選擇，選拔。4.A.reliedon B.keptoffC.brokedownD.gaveaway解析A黑脈金斑蝶主要依靠（reliedon）馬利筋草而生。keepoff與……保持距離；breakdown分解，出故障，失?。籫iveaway贈(zèng)送，泄露。5.A.partly B.secretlyC.rarely D.specially解析D兩個(gè)女孩聯(lián)合一個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)非營(yíng)利性團(tuán)體特地（specially）為黑脈金斑蝶在當(dāng)?shù)胤N出了一個(gè)花園。6.A.attracted B.protectedC.monitored D.trapped解析A上文中講到了馬利筋草是黑脈金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有機(jī)的馬利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脈金斑蝶。7.A.employ B.educateC.force D.limit解析B由語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，她們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)貓D書(shū)館舉辦展覽是為了教化（educate）當(dāng)?shù)厝司S持黑脈金斑蝶的數(shù)量。employ雇用，運(yùn)用，運(yùn)用；force強(qiáng)迫；limit限制。8.A.meant B.costC.changed D.hurt解析B由下文中的"Tocovertheexpense"和"thefundraising"可知，在鎮(zhèn)里搭建教化標(biāo)牌花費(fèi)（cost）很大。9.A.dry B.medicalC.healthy D.wild解析Chealthy（健康的）符合語(yǔ)境。10.A.pleasing B.lightC.long D.disappointing解析C由Although和下文中的"theyfinallysucceededinearningenoughmoney"可以推知，籌款活動(dòng)花費(fèi)的時(shí)間有點(diǎn)兒長(zhǎng)（long）。11.A.project B.conceptC.schedule D.assignment解析A此處指的是她們疼惜黑脈金斑蝶的項(xiàng)目（project）。concept概念，觀念；schedule工作支配，日程支配；assignment（分派的）工作，任務(wù)。12.A.concerned B.connectedC.finished D.occupied解析C由下文中的"Ournextstepistocutdownontheuse"可知，她們疼惜黑脈金斑蝶的行動(dòng)并沒(méi)有結(jié)束（finished）。concerned擔(dān)憂的，憂慮的；connected有關(guān)聯(lián)的；occupied忙于……的。13.A.chemicals B.timeC.funds D.energy解析A由上文中的"widespreaduseofchemicals"和下文中的"guaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchbutterflies"可知，她們的下一步是要削減化學(xué)品（chemicals）的運(yùn)用。14.A.quoted B.continuedC.replied Dmented解析D由"Iamsoproudofthemfortheirconstant15"可知，引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容是老師的評(píng)論，故選D。15.A.donations B.supportC.patience D.efforts解析D由全文內(nèi)容可知，Natalie和Callie始終在為疼惜黑脈金斑蝶努力，老師也為此感到傲岸，故選D。三、語(yǔ)法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/]Themountainbongoantelope（山地紫羚），oneofthemostendangeredanimals，islikelytocontinuewanderinginthewildforlonger.1（follow）18yearsofconservationefforts，staffmembersfromtheMountKenyaWildlifeConservancyreachedamilestonethisyear—thefirstbabymountainbongowasborninthewild.Unique2equatorialforests，themountainbongoisthelargestandmostcolorfuloftheforestantelopesinAfrica.Thisspecies3（see）adramaticdeclineinnumbersinthelastfewdecadesfrom4estimatedpopulationof25，000tolessthan100.Itspopulationdeclinewas5（main）human-driven.NowtheconservancyismakingeffortsinpartnershipwiththeKenyangovernmenttohelpthemountainbongothroughone6（innovate）breeding（飼養(yǎng)）andrewildingprogram."Duetothemassivedecline，we7（leave）withlessthan100ofthespeciesinthewild.Themountainb