北師大版高中英語必修二第6講：Unit5-Rhythm-語法篇(學(xué)生版)

Unit5Rhythm語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、狀語從句（=1\*ROMANI）—時間和讓步2、狀語從句（=2\*ROMANII）—原因，結(jié)果和目的在復(fù)合句中修飾主句或主句中的某一部分作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句通常由從屬連詞或起連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)。狀語從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思不同，可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步九類。時間狀語從句：主要由when,whenever,after,before,as,(ever)since,assoonas,(not)until,while,immediately,themoment等連詞引導(dǎo)。when,while,as（當(dāng)…時）的用法區(qū)別=1\*GB3①當(dāng)主句謂語動詞表示短暫動作，從句中的謂語動詞有持續(xù)性特征時，這三者可以互換。例：Igotthenewsontheradiowhen/whileas/Iwashavingbreakfast.=2\*GB3②當(dāng)主，從句的謂語動詞都表示非持續(xù)性動作，而且兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，不用while,可用when和as。例：Imetas/whenIwasgettingoffthebus.=3\*GB3③當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)從句，不可用as或while。例：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.=4\*GB3④當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是bedoing/beabouttodo/haddone時只能用when,when在此時相當(dāng)于andatthatmoment就在那時。例：TheywerewatchingtheWorldCupwhensuddenlythelightswentout.=5\*GB3⑤當(dāng)主、從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，或表示對比關(guān)系，用while。例：ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,whileinfact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.=6\*GB3⑥as表示“隨著”例：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.表示“一…就…”的結(jié)構(gòu)Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than和assoonas例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothome,whenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.比較until和till=1\*GB3①until/till用于肯定句時，表示“直到…為止”，主句必須為持續(xù)性動詞。例：Weshallwaituntil/tillhecomes.=2\*GB3②notuntil/till表示“直到…才”，主句通常要用短暫性動詞，這時until和till可用before代替。例：Ididn’tleaveuntil/till/beforeshecameback.=3\*GB3③當(dāng)notuntil位于句首時，主句中的主語，謂語要使用倒裝語序。例：NotuntilshestoppedcryingdidIleave.注意：until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。名詞詞組引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，如：everytime（每次），thenexttime（下次），themoment（一…就），theinstant（一…就），thesecond（一…就），theday（那天）等。Ididn’thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.since和before的用法比較：兩者均可用于“It+be…+since/before+從句”的句型。區(qū)別是since表“自從…以來”，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis/hasbeensometimesincesb.didsth.;Itwassometimesincesb.haddonesth.。而before的含義是“過了多久才…”，結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itwillbesometimebeforesb.do(es)sth.;Itwas/hadbeensometimebeforesb.didsth.。例：Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示在某種相反的條件下，主句中的情況依然會出現(xiàn)。讓步狀語從句由although,though,as,while,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether…or…,nomatter(who,what,etc),evenif,eventhough等詞或短語引導(dǎo)。=1\*GB3①although/though這兩個詞意思是一樣，都意為“雖然，盡管”。although比though正式。although,though不能與but連用，但是可以與yet,still,nevertheless連用。而while突出主句和從句的對比。例：Although/Thoughheblamesme,yetIwilltrusthim.=2\*GB3②evenif,eventhough這兩個詞語氣比though,although強(qiáng)，意為“即使”，兩者可以通用。例：Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.=3\*GB3③however,whatever,whenever,wherever相當(dāng)于nomatter(how,what,when,where,etc)，這幾個詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句語氣十分強(qiáng)烈。Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.=4\*GB3④連詞as同though一樣，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。例：Childrenasheis,heknowsalot.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因和理由的從句。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的有as,because,since,now(that),consideringthat,seeingthat等。=1\*GB3①because,since,as,for的區(qū)別because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果的直接原因，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗號隔開，在回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時，只能用because。例：Youshouldn’tgetangryonlybecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.since往往表示的是已知的客觀事實(shí)，或分析后的推理，引導(dǎo)的從句大多置于句首，語氣比because弱。例：Sinceyou’renotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.as表示的理由最弱，只是對主句的附帶說明，重點(diǎn)在主句。as從句通常放在主句前。例：Asyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomeoneelse.for是并列連詞，只用于連接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.注意：because不能與so連用=2\*GB3②now(that)（既然，因?yàn)椋?，consideringthat,seeingthat（鑒于…的事實(shí)，考慮到…），inthat（在于，由于）例：Now(that)dinnerisready,goandwashyourhands.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句是表示行為目的的從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat等。=1\*GB3①inorderthat與sothat表示“為了，以便，”一般放在主句之后，inorderthat也可放在句首。從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如can,could,may,might,should等。例：Iwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstand.注意：當(dāng)主從句的主語一致時，sothat和inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相對應(yīng)的動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Wegotupearlysothatwewouldarriveintime.=Wegotupearlysoastoarriveintime.=2\*GB3②incase,forfearthat都表示“以免，以防，唯恐”，含有否定意義。Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,so…that,such…that等。結(jié)果狀語從句經(jīng)常至于主句之后。sothat,suchthat。其中sothat最為常用，so或that常用于口語或非正式文體中；suchthat可以連用，意思是“如此…以至于”。例：Whathashappenedthatyoulooksoworried?so…that如此…以至于…。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①so+形容詞/副詞+that從句例：Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.=2\*GB3②so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句例：Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.=3\*GB3③so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句例：IhavehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.=4\*GB3④so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句例：IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.such…that如此…以至于…。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.=2\*GB3②such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.提示：“such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可以和“so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例：Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.=Hetoldussofunnyastorythatwealllaughed.注意：有些時間，地點(diǎn)，條件，方式或讓步等狀語從句中，如果謂語含有be，主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it，常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是be）省略掉。例1.It’smucheasiertomakefriends_____youhavesimilarinterests.unlesswheneventhoughsothat例2._____small,thecompanyhasabout1.000buyersinover30countries.AsIfAlthoughOnce例3.Thepoliceofficersinmycityworkhard_____therestofuscanliveasafelife.incaseasifinorderthatonlyif例4.Afterayear,doctorsdiagnosedhimwithadiseasesorare_____itaffectsjustonein8millionchildren.A.afterB.thatC.asD.since例5.（2015北京石景山高三第一學(xué)期期末）—Areyoufreenow?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.—OK,_____youmakeitshort.Youknow,Iambusy.A.nowthatB.assoonasC.everytimeD.aslongas基礎(chǔ)演練一，選詞填空。Itwas__________(notuntil/until)midnightthathewentbackhomeaftertheexperiment.You’dbettertakedownallthekeypoints__________(unless/while)thememoryisstillfreshinyourmind.Howcanyouexpecttomakeprogress__________(before/when)youneverlisteninclass?Hesmiledpolitely__________(asif/though)Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice__________(when/while)mywifep____honedmetogobackhomeatonce.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears__________(as/before)itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.__________(While/Once/Until)IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.Hot__________(as/whatever)thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.__________(Since/Although/Because)hepromisedthathewouldn’tbelate,hedidn’tarriveuntiltheendoftheparty.—Don’tyouthinkthenewjobisarealchallengeforJack?—Well,__________(whichever/whatever)difficultieshemeets,Ibelievehewillneverloseheart.鞏固提高二，單項(xiàng)選擇。One’slifehasvalue_____onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.sothat B.nomatterhow C.aslongas D.expectthat（2015北京東城高三一模）You’dbetterpreparesomecandlesathome_____thepowerfails.inwinter.Eventhough B.incase C.aslongas D.inorderthat（2015北京東城高三二模）______youknowhimwell,youwillfindhimeasytobearoundandthoughtful.However B.Though C.Once D.Before（2015北京通州高三二模）Theresultsofthevotingwillremainsecret_____theyareannouncednextWednesday.until B.unless C.after D.when（2015北京通州高三一模）_____youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.Unless B.Although C.Before D.Once一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Thenumberofpeoplewho____Englishasaforeignlanguage____morethan750million.A.learns;is B.learn;are C.learns;are D.learn;is2.Hikingis____greatfun.Youwillgetcloseto____natureandtakeexerciseatthesametime.A.a;the B.a;不填 C.不填；the D.不填；不填3.Thereasonhecouldnotgotherewashisgradesweretoolow.A.why;because B.why;that C.forwhich;which D.forwhich;不填4.Allthevillagersthefightagainstthebigflood,youngandold,menandwomen.A.joined;including B.joinedin;containingC.joinedin;including D.joined;containing5.Whenyoufinish,pleaseputthebookbackitwas.A.where B.atwhich C.theplace D.theplacethat6.Musicis______justsound,itisawayofthinking.A.morethan B.nomorethan C.only D.notmorethan7.Heinvitedmetotakepartinthefootballgame,butIwatchit.A.wouldratherto B.wouldrather C.wouldprefer D.hadbetter8.Afteralongtripina(n)country,you’llfindyourgreatlyimproved.A.English-speaking;spokenEnglish B.spokenEnglish;English-speakingC.speaking-English;spokenEnglish D.spokenEnglish;speaking-English9.Thereusedtobenodeerintheforest,butnowtheyareveryinit.A.alive;common B.living;usual C.live;ordinary D.living;common10.Heisreallyconsideringhimselftothesechildrenofthepoormountainvillage.A.todevote;educating B.devoting;educatingC.devoting;educate D.todevote;educate11.——Tomorrow,let’shaveaswimfirstandthengofishing.——.I’llcallforyouatyourhouseat9a.m.A.Well,itdepends B.That’sagoodpointC.Well,Idon’tknow D.I’mafraidIdon’tagree12.Hedoesn’tneedtobepresent,?A.doeshe B.needshe C.musthe D.needhe13.hesays,Iwon’tbelievehimsinceIknowheisabigliar.A.NomatterwhatB.whateverC.What D.BothAandB14.Cellphonesmakepossibleforustotalktofromanywhere.A.that;anybodyB.it;anyoneC.which;anyone D.this;everyone15.ManylargeRussiancities,suchasChelybinskandIrkutsk,havetakentoprotecttheirculture.A.measureB.stepsC.behavior D.act __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完形填空。Praisescanreallyhelpothersseethemselvesfortheirnaturalabilitiesandbelieveinwhattheyareandwhattheycanbecome.46,wemustbeverycarefulwiththelabels(稱號),ortheycanbackfire（產(chǎn)生反作用）onus.Ifapersonis47identified(被等同于)withthesamelabel,hemay_48tobelievethatheonlyhasworthashelivesuptothatlabel.Asoftenaspossibleweshouldpraisespecific（具體的）actions,49thewordsneverandalways.Inthiswaywedon'ttieapersontoo50withalabel.Herearesomeexamples:"I'm51thatyoualreadyhaveyourhomeworkdone.Doesn'titmakeyoufeelgoodwhenyouworkso52?"Ratherthan"Youalwaysgetyourhomeworkdoneontime.Youareso53thatyouneverhaveanyproblemswithit,"whichgiveshiman54goaltoreach.Noonealwaysgetshishomeworkdoneontimewithoutany55."Thatwassoniceofyouto56yourballwithyourlittlebrother.Youreallymadehimhappy."Ratherthan"Youalwaysshareyour57.Youarethemostthoughtful（體貼人的）personIknow."Noonealwaysshares,58doeshehaveto.We59toknowwearestillgoodpeople,60wedon'tshare100%ofthetimeandevenwhenwehavetimeswedon't61helpingothers."Thankyoufordoingthedishestonight,eventhoughitwasn'tyour62.Itmeanssomuchthatyouwoulddothemforme."Ratherthan"Youarealways_63.Youneverletanyone_64_whentheyneed65."Noonecanalwaysbeallthingstoallpeople.Ifwegivethatkindofreputation（名譽(yù)）toliveupto,wearesettingupsomeonetofail.1.A.Thus B.Besides C.Therefore D.However2.A.occasionally B.continually C.gradually D.definitely3.A.have B.object C.come D.cause4.A.avoiding B.using C.forgetting D.remembering5.A.attentively B.carefully C.excitedly D.closely6.A.impressed B.puzzled C.honored D.dissatisfied7.A.fast B