2022-2023學(xué)年河南省洛陽市孟津第一某中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷（A卷）（附答案詳解）

2022-2023學(xué)年河南省洛陽市孟津第一高級中學(xué)高一（上）期末

英語試卷（A卷）

A

AbsolutelyUnputdownableBooksYouHavetoRead

FlowersforAlgernon

DanielKeyes

Ifyou'reseekingapleasantread,trythisshortstorybyDanielKeyes.He'llshowyouhowapersonfeels

goingfromasimplecleaneratabakery,whoseIQislessthan60,toageniusandthemostintelligent

personontheplanet.Inasituationlikethis,isitpossibletoovercomeyourfearsandcopewithloneliness?

Keyesoffershisanswertothisquestion.

OrphansoftheSky

RobertA.Heinlein

Agiantgenerationshipissailingwithoutguidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershave

longforgottentheoutsideworldandbelievedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷

信）.ThisnovelhasbroughtHeinleinwiderecognition,andwillgraspyoutightandwon'tletyougofor

months（orevenyears）afterward.Arewe,thedigitalgeneration,differentfromthepassengersofthat

imaginaryspaceship?

95PoundsofHope

AnnaGavalda

Adaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience,thisstoryisaboutthemainthingsinlife：choiceswemake,

thepowerofloveanddevotion.Thestoryofathirteen-year-oldboywhoonedayhastogatherallhis

strengthandcourageandtakeasteptowardsadulthoodprovesonceagainthatdreamsdocometrue.After

alhnomatterhowmanypoundswehave,we'realltryingnottolosehope.

ACertainSmile

FrancoiseSagan

Ifyoudon*tenjoythrillersorsci-fiandstoriesaboutdragon-ridingdetectives,ifyouYelongingfor

somethingemotional,slowandgentle,thisbeautifullittlebookbyFrancoiseSaganisjustwhatyou

need.Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors,it'sapleasantexceptionamongtraditional

romancenovels：you'llfindalloftheadvantagesofhigh-qualityliteraturehere.Andyes,it'sareal

turner.

1.WhatkindofbookisOrphansoftheSky?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Ahistoricalnovel.

C.Adetectivestory.D.Afairytale.

2.Whatisspecialabout95PoundsofHope?

A.Itisnotsuitableforadultreaders.

B.Itisaboutaboyservinginarmy.

C.Itisbasedlooselyonatruestory.

D.Itbroughtitsauthorgreatfame.

3.Whichisthebestchoicefbrsomeonesufferingfrommentalillness?

A.FlowersforAlgernon.B.OrphansoftheSky.

C.95PoundsofHope.D.ACertainSmile.

B

Themosteye-catchingperformancefromthefinalweekendoftheU.S.OlympicTrackandFieldTrials

didn'tbreakaworldrecordorsendateenagertoTokyo.ButLindsayFlachstillbecametheshining

star.LindsayFlachcompetedintheheptathlon（七項(xiàng)全能）18weekspregnantandshowedoffagrowing

belly.Thoughshefinishedadistantlastamongthe15womenwhomadeitthroughallseveneventsofthe

heptathlon,herparticipationthispastweekendwasavictoryinitself.

The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchancetocompeteintheheptathlon,thesportthat

developedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.SheintendedtograspachanceontheU.S.Olympic

teamonefinallimebeforemarryingherlongtimeboyfriendandstartingafamilytogether.

Inearly2020,Flachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husbandbehindandmovednearly250

milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRioGrandeValley.Sheintendedto

remaintherethroughthe2020U.S.OlympicTrials.Thenthepandemic（疫情）struckthreemonthsinto

hertraining.

WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延遲）oftheTokyoGamesandcastdoubton

whethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlifeonhold.InMarch,

Flachbeganstrugglingtohitmarksthathadpreviouslybeenroutinetoher.Shetookapregnancytestthat

camebackpositive,aresultthatmadeherdoubtwhetherherOlympichopeful.

ThepregnancyweakenedFlach'sstrengthandenergybutnotherdesiretosaygoodbyetotrackandfield

onherownterms.WhileFlach'sfinalscorewaslessthanhalfherpersonalbest,she'stryingnottofocuson

thataspect,noronthefactthatsheneverqualifiedforanOlympicsinhercareer.She^excitedforwhafs

tocomeinherlife,excitedshewasabletoparticipateinathirdOlympicTrialsandexcitedthatshe

showedhowstrongwould-bemotherscanbe.

4.WhendidFlachbegintolovetheheptathlon?

A.Attheageof18.B.Attheageof21.

C.Attheageof30.D.Attheageof31.

5.WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlachaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Determined.B.Ambitious.C.Unfortunate.D.Organized.

6.WhatmadeFlachexcited?

A.Shewasexpectinganewlife.

B.ShewonthethirdOlympicTrials.

C.Shecouldmarryherlovedboyfriendfinally.

D.ShewaschosentotakepartintheOlymipicGames.

7.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanthistextberead?

A.Teens.B.Sports.C.Economy.D.Advertisement,

c

Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeandaccesstoacomputer?Well,thena

scientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.ResearchersintheUKsayit'sbecomingimportanttocountoncommon

peopletohelpthemwiththeirprojects.Theyneedpeopletoexaminedataandsubmittheirobservations

online.

BritishteenagersSashaandMatthewaretakingpartinastudyofpenguins（企鵝）fromthecomfortof

theirhomes.Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（標(biāo)簽）photosidentifyingadults,chicksandeggs.Every

clickoftheirmouseishelpingtobuildupadetailedpictureofpenguincolonies（群）,They,andthousands

ofothers,arehelpingscientiststounderstandwhysomecoloniesaregrowingandothersare

decreasing.WithinthefirstfourhoursofPenguinWatchgoinglive,"citizenscientists0markedmore

imagesthantheresearchteamhadinfiveyears.

Dr.TomHart,PenguinWatchCoordinatoratOxfordUniversity,says,"Whenyougobeyondwhata

scientistcananalysetowhatamassaudiencecando,thenitincreasesbeyondwhatanyotherprojectcould

do."

TheBritishScienceAssociationsaysfamiliesarehelpingoutwithcarefulresearch.ltmadeadifferenceto

thePlanetHuntersProject,whichranforfiveyears.Volunteerslookedatdotswhichshowedhowthe

brightnessofastarchangedatdifferentpointsinitssolarsystem.

AccordingtoDr.RobertSimpsonfromOxfordUniversity,whotookpartintheproject,thevolunteers

discoveredplanetsandthesearenowinpublishedpapers.Hesayswithpride,HWecangoandlookat

theseplanetswithothertelescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers."

Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalordeliberatemistakesinobservation?

Dr.Simpsonisn'tworried.nWegetlotsofpeoplelookingatthesamethings,“hesays.Theresearcher

warnsthatpeoplewhoaremistakenlyclickingonthesiteareveryobviousandcanbeidentifiedvery

quickly.So,there'snofoolingthescientists.

Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothroughapeerreviewbeforebeing

published.Afterthat,every"citizenscientist"willbecredited.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whowillbesuitabletohelpthescientists?

A.Anengineerwhoworksinacompany.

B.Auniversitystudentwholikesscience.

C.Abusinessmanwhoinvestsinanewproject.

D.Acarefulteenagerwhousesthecomputersmoothly.

9.Whatisavolunteerrequiredtodo?

A.Publishhisobservationdatabyhimself.

B.Observepicturesandrecordhisobservation.

C.Discusshisobservationwithothervolunteers.

D.Takehisreporttothescientistandcorrectmistakes.

10.Howcouldscientistsavoidmistakesinobservation?

A.Byworkingwithvolunteers.

B.Byusingtheirowndata.

C.Byidentifyingpicturesandphotos.

D.Bygoingthroughapeerreview.

11.What'sDr.Simpson'sattitudetowardsthevolunteers'observation?

A.Objective.B.Supportive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.

D

Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesare

commonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandetectcertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviorto

avoidgettingill.

In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobserved

achimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimand

threwhimoutofthegroup.Inoneinstance,McGregorapproachedchimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahand

ingreeting,buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance.

"Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,“Goodallnotesinher1971book

IntheShadowofMan."It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.'1

Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirsickneighbors.Sometimesit'sassimpleasavoidingthose

whomayinfectyou.

WhenKiesecker,aleadscientistinAmerica,studiedAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s,hefoundthat

bullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactively

avoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsrelyonchemicalssignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.

Caribbeanlobsters（龍蝦）alsoavoiddiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,wellbeforetheybecome

infectious.lttakesabouteightweeksfbrlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirustobecomedangerousto

others.Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafter

infection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.

"Overall,it'simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon*trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactually

reducetheinfectionrate,"Kieseckerexplains.nAshumans,wehavethatability.Ifsabigdifference.',

12.WhydidotherchimpsattackMcGregor?

A.Hewasaloner.B.Hegotseriouslyill.

C.Hemaycausethegroupill.D.Hehurtotherchimpsfirst.

13.HowdidGoodallfeelwhenseeingMcGregor'sresult?

A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.Sympathetic.

14.HowlongwillthehealthyCaribbeanlobstersstaywiththediseasedones?

A.Aboutamonth.B.Abouteightweeks.

C.Aboutfourdays.D.Fewerthanfourweeks.

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SocialDistancinginNature.

B.CarryingoutSocialDistancing.

C.PuzzlingSocialDistancinginChimps.

D.SocialDistancingbetweenHumanandAnimals.

Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,butneitherdowegrow.(1)Changeandgrowth

occur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe,remaininginwhatwearetoday.Therearemanygood

reasonstobeencouragedtoleavethecomfortzone.

Prepareyourselffordifficulttimes.Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,thatspacewillnotprotectusfrom

theproblems,whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.(2)These

problemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.Butlearningtoliveoutsidethecomfortzone,dealingwith

noveltyanduncertaintywillmakeuspeopleemotionallystronger.

(3)Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfort

zonetherearenogreatideasornewdiscoveries.It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationto

creativity.Infact,astudyconductedattheUniversityofFloridafoundthatstudentswhospentjustone

termoutsidetheircountryscoredbetteroncreativityteststhanthosewhohadbeenstudyingatthesame

university.

Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone,wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someofthese

experienceswillnotbepositivebutotherswillbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe're

learningtoenjoymorelife.⑷

Exercisestogetoutofyourcomfortzonewillallowyoutoexpandyourgrowthzonewithoutexperiencing

toomuchanxiety.(5)That'sinthegrowthzone,andyoucanreachthebestofourselves,learnnewthings.

A.Becomemoreproductive.

B.Increaseyourcreativity.

C.Generally,wearenotusedtothem.

D.Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.

E.Itmightbecometheperfectexcusenottodo,notrisk.

F.Facenewchallengeswithanacceptablelevelofanxiety.

G.Thefeelingofbeingemptywillbediscoveredtodisappear.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

AfterwatchingmysonToddruninarace,Imademyusualcomment,"Todd,Icouldwalkfasterthan

thosewomenrun."Todd(21)asheknewIwasn'tarunner.'1Listen,Mom,howaboutyourunwithmenext

yearatthisrace?”Withoutthinking,Iquicklyagreedtothis(22).Ifeltthiswasgoingtobeapieceofcake!

Neverinmy(23)dreamsdidIeverimaginewhatthenextyearwouldbring.Whenitwasalmosttimefor

thisraceto(24),Toddwasn'tgoingtoberunning.Hehaddiedinacaraccident.Afewofhisfriendsknew

this"challenge"IhadagreedtowithTodd.Theystartedto(25)metoruntherace.Ihadn,t(26)orprepared

anything.Quite(27),IhadalmostforgottenIsaidIwoulddoit.

IdecidedIshouldkeepmy(28).Beforetherace,Ilistenedtosome(29)talkingabouthowtorunyourrace.I

playedtheraceoverandoverinmy(30)whenIlistenedtothetapes.Thedayoftheracefinallycame.Ifelt

prettv(31).Whenitwastimefortherace,Iwasalldressedandready.ltwasfreezingcoldthatday,butI

didn*tcare.I(32)allmywarmclothesandranwithonlyasleevelessshirtandshortson.Nothingwasgoing

to(33)me.

Nooneknewwhat(34)metorun.Ifinishedmypracticerun,fellonthegrass,andcriedmyeyesout.Ifound

thatrunning(35)thestressIwasfeelingoflosingmydearTodd.

21.A.sighedB.laughedC.noddedD.screamed

22.A.challengeB.compromiseC.commandD.declaration

23.A.mildestB.happiestC.deepestD.wildest

24.A.occurB.rewardC.endD.exist

25.A.pressB.encourageC.botherD.order

26.A.appliedB.recoveredC.trainedD.digested

27.A.entertaininglyB.franklyC.doubtfullyD.obviously

28.A.secretB.distanceC.kindnessD.promise

29.A.tapesB.lecturesC.friendsD.experts

30.A.dreamB.memoryC.mindD.soul

31.A.desperateB.heartbrokenC.emotionalD.delighted

32.A.tookoffB.toreupC.threwawayD.handedout

33.A.amuseB.depressC.easeD.disappoint

34.A.influencedB.permittedC.directedD.motivated

35.A.deepenedB.provedC.relievedD.fostered

36.ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpool(UDhavedevelopedarobotthatcanrunexperiments

onitsown.It'snotnewfbrlabstouserobots.Butearlierrobotsusuallystayedinoneplaceand(1)

(do)onejoboverandoveragain.TheULrobotisdifferent.Ifsableto(2)(easy)

movearoundinthesamekindofspaceashumansdo.ItusesaspecialsystemcalledLiDARtoguide

(3)(it).Withonelongarmwhichcanturninalmostanydirection,therobotcanuse

severaldifferentkindsoflabequipmentandcarryout(4)varietyoftasks.

Thescientistssaysittookalotofwork(5)(program)therobotsothatitcoulddothings

without(6)(make)mistakes.Oncetheprogrammingisdone,though,therobotmakes

(7)(few)mistakesthanahuman.

Totesttheirrobot,thescientistsgaveitatask：findamaterial(8)wasabletoproduce

hydrogen(氫)fromwater.Therobotwasprogrammedtounderstandthebasicmethodsfbrthe

experiment,butit(9)(give)10differentthingsitcouldchangewhichcouldinfluencethe

results,Thatmeantthattherobotcouldchoosefromaround98milliondifferent

mini-experiments.Overthenext8days,therobotran688experiments,alwayschoosingitsnext

experimentbased(10)theresultsofthelastone.

z1\

()

xz

z2

(

\

3\

l

z

z4

(

\

5\

)

z

z6\

(l

\z

⑺

(8)

(9)

(10)

37.假定你是某國際高中的學(xué)生會主席李華。為了配合學(xué)校的歷史遺址保護(hù)宣傳活動，請你

圍繞”保護(hù)歷史遺址”這個主題，為學(xué)校的英語論壇寫一封倡議書。內(nèi)容包括：1.破壞歷史遺址

(heritagesite)的嚴(yán)重后果；2.學(xué)生可以作出的貢獻(xiàn)。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。

Dearfellowstudents,

(1)

(2)

38.Travellingcanteachyoualot.Sometimes,onyourjourney,despitecomingfromtotally

differentbackgrounds,wewereabletoconnectonahumanlevelandlearnfromeachother.Ihave

learnedaboutkindnesswhentravellingintoomanyways,butthereisoneparticularexamplethat

standsoutinmymemory.

Eightyearsago,afriendandIjourneyedtoPuertoPlata,DominicanRepublictorentaprivatevilla

onthebeachanddosomerelaxing.Inthemorning,wewenttoseethenewsunsparkledgoldacross

theripplesofgentlesea.Intheevening,westeppedbarefootonthesoftsandybeach,feelingthe

wavestouchingourfeetandwatchingthesettingsunleavingtheskyafirewithorangeandgreen

light.ltwassomuchfunlivingonthebeach.

Apartfromthebreathtakingsceneryonthebeach,Iwasalsoconstantlytouchedbythewarm

hospitalityoftheDominicanpeopleingeneral,butPedrototallyblewmeaway.Heworkedatour

villaasthesecurityguard.Healsoregularlyprovidedassistancetoallguestsbyaccompanyingthem

ontheirexcursionstoensuretheywouldbesafeamonglocalsceneswheretouristsmaynotbe

commonorcouldbetakenadvantageof.However,hedidnotspeakgoodEnglishsooftenitwasabit

challengingforhim.Luckily,IspeakSpanishsoIwasabletocommunicateverywellwithPedroand

thisdelightedhim.Duetothis,wechattedalotandfeltveryconnected.Pedroinsistedoncateringto

oureveryneed.Hewouldnotevenletusliftafingerinthevilla,whichwasaboveandbeyondhis

duties.Hetoldusweremindedhimofhisdaughterandhefeltlikeour"Papa"sohehadtotakecareof

us.

WhatreallyblewmeawaythoughisthatPedrobasicallyendedupsavingmylife.

Paragraph1：

AfterIan*ived,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfcatchingaheavycoldandfeltterrible.

Paragraph2：

Thedaybeforeourdeparture,1wasfinallyfeelingalotbetterduetothemedicalcareIwasgiven.

(1)

(2)

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、D

［解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)OrphansoftheSky部分的Agiantgenerationshipissailingwithout

guidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershavelongforgottentheoutsideworldand

believedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷信）.（一艘新一代的巨輪正在宇

宙深處航行，沒有任何指引.它的乘客早已忘記了外面的世界，相信以迷信為標(biāo)志的前科技文化）

推知，OrphansoftheSky是一本科幻小說。故選A

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)95PoundsofHope部分的Adaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience（改

編自作者的親身經(jīng)歷）”可知，這本書的特別之處是它改編自作者的親身經(jīng)歷，即基于一個真實(shí)的

故事。故選C。

（3）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors（心理醫(yī)生強(qiáng)

烈推薦）"可知，小說ACertainSmile被心理醫(yī)生大力推薦。由此可推知,ACertainSmile是精神

疾病患者們的最佳選擇。故選D。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本讓讀者愛不釋手的書。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】B、A、A、B

【解析】（1）數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)第二段The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchanceto

competeintheheptathlon,thesportthatdevelopedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.（2020賽

季本應(yīng)是弗拉赫參加七項(xiàng)全能比賽的最后一次機(jī)會,這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動在過去十年中逐漸激發(fā)了她的熱情。）

及第四段第一句WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延遲）oftheTokyoGames

andcastdoubtonwhethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlife

onhold.（當(dāng)新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延迫使東京奧運(yùn)會延期，并讓人懷疑奧運(yùn)會能否如期舉行時，31

歲的弗拉赫決定，她不能再讓自己的生活停滯不前了。）可知，F(xiàn)lach在（31-10=21）歲時開始喜

歡上了七項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Inearly2020,Flachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husband

behindandmovednearly250milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRio

GrandeValley.Sheintendedtoremaintherethroughthe2020U.S.（2020年初，F(xiàn)lach辭去了工作，

暫時與她的未婚夫分開，搬到了近250英里以南的德克薩斯大學(xué)RioGrandeValley分校，和她的

新教練一起訓(xùn)練。她打算留在那里訓(xùn)練，準(zhǔn)備參加2020年美國奧運(yùn)會選拔賽。）由此可推知，F(xiàn)lach

是個意志堅(jiān)定的人。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段She,sexcitedforwhat'stocomeinherlife"（她為自己生活中即將

到來的事情感到興奮。）由此可知，讓弗拉奇興奮的是她期待著新的生活。故選A。

（4）文章出處題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了31歲的Flach在懷孕18周的情況下，依然挑戰(zhàn)自

己，參加了女子七項(xiàng)全能的奧運(yùn)會選拔賽的故事。由此可推知，這篇文章可以在雜志的體育版塊

被看到。故選B。

本文是新聞報道。文章介紹了31歲的Flach在懷孕18周的情況下，依然挑戰(zhàn)自己，參加了女子七

項(xiàng)全能的奧運(yùn)會選拔賽的故事。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~11.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeand

accesstoacomputer?Well,thenascientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.（你有耐心嗎？你是否關(guān)注細(xì)

節(jié)，是否有空閑時間和是否能使用電腦？那科學(xué)家可能會歡迎你的幫助）可推知，根據(jù)短文，一

個謹(jǐn)慎的青少年，能流暢地使用電腦適合幫助科學(xué)家。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（加標(biāo)簽于）photosidentifyingadults,

chicksandeggs.（它們會觀察圖片和標(biāo)記圖片，以識別成年、小雞和蛋）可知，志愿者需要觀察

圖片并記錄觀察結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalor

deliberatemistakesinobservation?（但是科學(xué)家如何防止他們的研究在觀察中出現(xiàn)意外或故意的

錯誤呢？）最后一段中"Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothrougha

peerreviewbeforebeingpublished.（為了確保一切順利，《企鵝觀察》的論文在發(fā)表前將經(jīng)過同

行評審）可知，科學(xué)家通過同行評審來避免觀察中的錯誤。故選D項(xiàng)。

（4）情感態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段中Dr.Simpson所說Wecangoandlookattheseplanetswithother

telescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers.（我們可以用其他望遠(yuǎn)鏡去觀察這些行星，

因?yàn)橛辛诉@些幫手，我們才知道它們的存在）可以推知，Simpson博士對志愿者的觀察持支持態(tài)

度。故選B項(xiàng)。

這是一篇議論文。文章介紹了英國科學(xué)家依靠普通人來幫助他們完成科學(xué)項(xiàng)目的做法，及其成果。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、A

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）ina

Tanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughta

highlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthegroup.（1966年，動物

學(xué)家珍?古道爾在坦桑尼亞國家公園研究黑猩猩時，觀察到一只名叫麥格雷戈的黑猩猩感染了一種

高度傳染性的病毒。他的黑猩猩同伴攻擊他，把他扔出了黑猩猩群）可推知，猩猩們攻擊McGregor

是因?yàn)樗赡軙?dǎo)致整個群體生病。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,

"Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan."It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsome

societiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.（"老McGregor一動不動地坐了整整兩分鐘，盯著它們的背影，

"Goodall在她1971年出版的es/ia而一書中寫道?！边@和如今一些社會群體對這樣的

悲劇的反應(yīng)沒有什么不同。"）可推知，當(dāng)看到McGregor的結(jié)局時，Goodall對此感到同情。

A.Supportive支持的；B.Doubtful懷疑的：C.Objective客觀的；D.Sympathetic同情的。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingaway

fromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicals

releasedbysickindividuals.（可知，龍蝦通常是群居動物，一旦它們聞到生病的龍蝦釋放出的特定

化學(xué)物質(zhì)，會在生病的龍蝦感染四周后盡可能早地開始遠(yuǎn)離它）可知，健康的加勒比龍蝦會和生

病的龍蝦在一起待約一個月的時間。故選A。

（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段第一句Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenatural

world.whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.（在傳染病屢見不鮮的自然界，保持社交距離并

不是一個新概念）可知，文章主要介紹了自然界中動物保持社交距離的現(xiàn)象。由此可知，A項(xiàng)最

適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界中動物保持社交距離的現(xiàn)象。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得

出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】D、C、B、G、F

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,

butneitherdowegrow.（舒適區(qū)是一個安全的地方，我們不會冒險，但我們也不會成長。）和下

文Changeandgrowthoccur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe,remaininginwhatwearetoday.

（改變和成長在發(fā)生，我們不能成為我們想成為的人，不能保持我們今天的樣子。）可知，舒適

區(qū)是一我們無需冒險，但也不能讓我們成長的安全空間；后面講述了改變和成長就出現(xiàn)了。D項(xiàng)

"Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.然而神奇的事情發(fā)生在舒適區(qū)之外。"符合語境。

故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,

thatspacewillnotprotectusfromtheproblems,

whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.（雖然我們在舒適區(qū)感到安

全，但這個空間不會保護(hù)我們遠(yuǎn)離困難的影響，這些困難通常以一種出乎意料的方式出現(xiàn)在生活

中，并使我們的生活產(chǎn)生巨大的變化。）和下文Theseproblemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.

（這些問題會產(chǎn)生心理障礙。）可知，舒適區(qū)也沒有安全感，也會有困難，使生活產(chǎn)生變化。C

項(xiàng)"Generally,wearenotusedtothem.通常，我們不適應(yīng)它們。"符合語境。故選C。

（3）主旨大意題。根據(jù)下文

Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfortzo

netherearenogreatideasornewdiscoverieso

It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationtocreativity.（舒適區(qū)代表了我們所知道的一切。

外面是另一個需要發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界。在舒適區(qū)里沒有偉大的想法或新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。有必要離開已知去尋找

創(chuàng)造力的靈感。）可知，有必要離開舒適區(qū)去尋找創(chuàng)造力的靈感。B項(xiàng)"Increaseyourcreativity.增

加你的創(chuàng)造力。"符合語境。故選B。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone,

wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someoftheseexperienceswillnotbepositivebutothers

willbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe'relearningtoenjoy