高考英語 閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解題

閱讀理解（細節(jié)理解題）1.（2023·江蘇·高三揚州中學模擬測試）Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)arecompounds(化合物;復合物)thataresettosolvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely.TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration(脫水)withinthreedays,unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters,whoisachemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Althoughdaytimewetnessisonlyabout10percent,thisrisesto40percentatnight,whichmeansthere'senoughwaterintheatmospheretosupportlife-ifitcanbetransformedintoliquidform.That'sexactlywhatYaghi'sinventiondoes.It'saboutthesizeofasmallmicrowaveoven,designedtosuckthewaterfromtheairatnightandturnitintodrinkingwaterthenextdayusingonlytheheatofthesunasitspowersource.WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledaMOF,whichatnormaltemperaturesattractswatermolecules(分子)ontothesurfaceofitsinternalsmallholes.Warmitupandgetthewater,eachharvestproducingone-thirdofacupofpuredrinkingwater."Adevicethesizeofawashingmachinecouldproduceenoughwaterforthebasicneedsofahousehold,"saysYaghi.Thesecrystalline(結(jié)晶的)groupsofmetalslinkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.MOFsworkthankstotheirdistinctivestructure.Infact,oneMOFthesizeofasugarcubehassomanysmallholesthattheywouldcoveranareaaslargeassixfootballfields.MOFsarealsoextremelystable,lightandhavemanydifferentuses:theirmolecularstructurecanbevariedtoattractspecificmolecules.AddingasmallamountofheatorpressurecausestheMOFtogivewhatit'sholding.Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.1．WhyistheArizonadesertmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A．Tointroducewaterharvesters.B．Tostresstheimportanceofwater.C．Toshowtheseverityofitscondition.D．Toexpresstheurgentneedforwaterthere.2．Whatplaysavitalroleinwaterharvesters?A．Solarenergy.B．Watermolecules.C．Metal-organicframeworks.D．MOFs'internalsmallholes.3．Whichcanexplainthephrase"clingto"underlinedinparagraph4?A．Giveoff.B．Tuminto.C．Holdonto.D．Breakdown.4．Whatwillprobablybecoveredinthefollowingparagraphs?A．ThefutureoftheMOFtechnology.B．OtherusesoftheMOFtechnology.C．TheimprovementtotheMOFtechnology.D．PossiblelimitationsoftheMOFtechnology.【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了金屬有機骨架(MOFs)的用途，結(jié)構(gòu)和性能。1．推理判斷題。由第二段“TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration（脫水）withinthreedays.Unless,thatis,theyhadoneofOmarYaghi’snext-generationwaterharvesters.”可知，亞利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何沒有水的人都會在三天內(nèi)死于脫水。除非他們有奧馬爾·亞吉的下一代水收集器，所以奧馬爾·亞吉的下一代水收集器可以解決沙漠中缺水的問題。故判斷出第二段提到亞利桑那沙漠是為了介紹水收集器。故選A。2．.細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Whatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledametal-organicframework(MOF)...”可知，使它工作的是一種稱為有機框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金屬有機框架在水收集器中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。故選C。3．詞句猜測題。由第四段“Thesecrystallinecluster（結(jié)晶群）ofmetals,suchasaluminumormagnesium,linkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurface.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.”可知，這些由有機分子連接的金屬結(jié)晶群，例如鋁或鎂，可制成具有極高吸收能力的材料，將特定分子吸到其表面?？芍獎澗€詞所在的句子意思是MOF就是通過這種方式緊緊吸附各種液體和氣體。第四段中劃線詞"clingto"意思是holdonto“緊緊抓住”的意思。故選C。4．推理判斷題。由最后一段“Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.”可知迄今為止，已有七萬多種不同的MOF被生產(chǎn)用于各類實際應(yīng)用中，所以我們通過短文最后一段的內(nèi)容可以判斷出，接下來的段落可能會涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故選B。2.（2023·江蘇揚州·高三揚州中學期末）Onceacirclemissedawedge(楔子).Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforitsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwasincompleteandthereforecouldrollonlyveryslowly,itadmiredtheflowersalongtheway.Itchattedwithworms.Itenjoyedthesunshine.Finallyitfoundapiecethatfitperfectly.Itwassohappy.Nowthatitwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast,toofasttonoticeflowersortalktotheworms.Whenitrealizedhowdifferenttheworldseemedwhenitrolledsoquickly,itstopped,leftitsfoundpiecebythesideoftheroadandrolledslowlyaway.Insomestrangesensewearemorewholewhenwearemissingsomething.Themanwhohaseverythingisinsomewaysapoorman.Hewillneverknowwhatitfeelsliketoyearn,tohope,tonourish(滋潤)hissoulwiththedreamofsomethingbetter.Hewillneverknowtheexperienceofhavingsomeonewholoveshimgivehimsomethinghehasalwayswantedorneverhad.Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereiswholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedy(悲劇)andsurvive—heorshecanlosesomeoneandstillfeellikeacompleteperson.Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedwholenessthatotherscanonlylongfor.5．Whichmaybeanexampleofbeingwhole?A．Apersonhaseverything.B．Apersonacceptshisorherlimitations.C．Apersonlovessomeoneandisloved.D．Apersonfeelsbluefordroppingunrealisticgoals.6．Howisabaseballseasonsimilartolife?A．Easycome,easygo.B．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C．Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.D．Somebattlesyouwinandsomebattlesyoulose.7．Howdoestheauthorclarifyhisidea?A．Mainlybycomparing.B．Mainlybyreasoning.C．Mainlybyinforming.D．Mainlybyarguing.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PursueperfectioninlifeB．BewholeinlifeC．LifewithoutmistakesiswholeD．Nopains,nogains【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．B【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章以一個小故事引出話題——人生不在于完美,而在于完整。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.（人生的完整性在于一個人知道如何面對他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒棄那些不現(xiàn)實的幻想而又不以此為缺憾）可知一個人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.（人生更像是一個棒球賽季，即使最好的球隊也會輸?shù)羧种坏谋荣?，而最差的球隊也有春風得意的時候。我們的目標是贏的比賽比輸?shù)亩啵┛芍羟蛸惣竞蜕畹南嗨浦幵谟谀阌休斢汹A。故選D。7．推理判斷題。第二段內(nèi)容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段內(nèi)容(人生完整的人)作對比;最后一段又拿baseballseason和life作比較,因此作者主要是通過作對比和作比較的方法來澄清他的觀點的。故選A。8．主旨大意題。本文作者通過圓和楔子的小故事感悟出這樣的道理:從某種奇怪的意義上講,當我們失去某些東西的時候,我們反而會更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是從故事內(nèi)容還是從其詮釋的人生哲理上，B項“完整的生命”作標題是最佳的。故選B。3.（2023·福建省永春第一中學階段練習）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn’titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike“Cold,isn’tit?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin“Yes,isn’tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No,actuallyit’squitemild.”or“It’sprettyhottome.”Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywilleitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyourfauxpas.Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticizeit.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberofourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviorofone’sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsiderisunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyandunashamedlypatriotic（愛國的）.9．WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?A．Tobuildupfriendship.B．Tobeginacasualchat.C．Tosendseasonalgreetings.D．Toexpressdissatisfaction.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fauxpas”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Improperresponse.B．Carelessattitude.C．Rudeinterruption.D．Frequentcomplaint.11．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Malebondinginpubs.B．Argumentaboutweather.C．Exceptiontotheagreementrule.D．Makingfriendsbydisagreement.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．PolitenessTipsforForeignersB．AcceptedRulesinSocialLifeC．EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversationD．HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．D【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述英國人在談?wù)撎鞖鈺r是按照未成文但被人們普遍接受的規(guī)則進行的，談?wù)撎鞖馐怯艘环N獨有的情懷。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.”可知，實際上這名女性只是想與Jeremy搭一下話。不必是長時間的對話，只是互相問好。因此這位女士對Jeremy評論天氣是為了開始一個隨便的聊天。故選B。10．短語猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.”可知，我們天氣的不可預測性確保我們始終有新的東西可以評論，或者說最重要的是要達成對天氣的共識。由此可知，人們在談?wù)撎鞖鈺r，雙方往往會有一致的看法。由“Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.”可知，如果你故意違反規(guī)則，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)氣氛變得非常緊張和尷尬?？赡軙胁皇娣某聊Ｒ虼苏f話雙方就要做出選擇，即下文的“他們很可能會改變話題，或者繼續(xù)禮貌地談?wù)撎鞖狻薄Ｈ绻麑υ挿諊缓玫脑?，他們自然會忽略你的回?yīng)。因此，這說明你的回應(yīng)是不合適的，即違背了人們默認的規(guī)則。即劃線短語意為“不當?shù)幕貞?yīng)”。故選A。11．段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.”可知，有一種情況下，英國談?wù)撎鞖獾娜瞬恍枰袷匾?guī)則，這是發(fā)生在男人小圈子里的，尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊環(huán)境中，天氣上的不斷的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表達友誼的一種手段。即第3段主要講的是遵守天氣對話規(guī)則的例外。故選C。12．標題判斷題。通讀全文尤其是第一段的“allEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.”可知，所有關(guān)于天氣的對話都是按照未成文但被人們普遍接受的規(guī)則進行的。文章接下來具體地對該規(guī)則進行了解釋，因此本文的最佳標題是“英國人天氣對話的潛規(guī)則”。故選D。4.（2023·河南·鄭州外國語學校高三期末）OccupationalLicenseswiththeBiggestBangforBuckSome1.8millionAmericanwerelaidoffordischargedfromtheirjobseachmonthonaveragein2019,accordingtodatafromtheU.S.BureauofLaborstatistics.Peoplewholosetheirjobsoftenconfrontadifficultchoice:shouldtheytakeanewjobthatpaysless,orshouldtheymakeacostlyinvestmentingainingnewskillssothattheycancompeteforanothersimilarjoboranevenbetterone?Iftheydodecideonretraining,whichprogramsandoccupationallicensesareworththeirwhile?Ingeneral,thehighest-payingjobstendtohavethemostdifficulteducation/trainingandexperiencerequirements.Butthatisnotalwaysthecase.Thefollowingarefiveoccupationallicenseswiththebiggestbangforyourbuck.DronePilots:Ifyouwanttobecomeadronepilot,allyouneedtodoisbeabove16yearsold,passtheFederalAviationAdministration'sRemotePilotCertificateexam(whichrequiresabout15to20hoursofstudying),andpaya$150licensingfee.Payfordronepilotsaverages$56,426peryear,andjobsaregrowingrapidlyacrossarangeofindustries.Forexample,companieslikeUPSaremakingsubstantialinvestmentsindronedeliveryandwillneedtohirethousandsofdronepilotsinthecomingyears.HomeInspectors:Ifyouneedajobthatmakesabout$60Kperyear,youmightwanttoconsiderbecomingaHomeInspector.BothHomeInspectorsandHVACContractorsearnabout$61Kperyear,onaverage,butgettingastateHVACContractorlicensetypicallyrequiresabout4,000hoursoftrainingandexperience(thosesystemsarebecomingevenmorecomplex),whereasaHomeInspectorlicenseonlyrequires360hoursoftrainingandexperience,andmuchofthetrainingcanbegainedfreeofchargeonthejob.MassageTherapists:Onaverage,Manicurists/PedicuristsarerequiredtocompletemorehoursoftrainingthanMassageTherapists(700hoursversus500hours),butMassageTherapistsearnalmosttwiceasmuch,onaverage($54,639versus$32,509).RadiologicTechnologists:Licensingrequirementsforcosmetologists（美容師）havebecomesoonerousthatcandidatesnowneed2,700hoursoftrainingandexperienceonaverage.That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).DentalHygienists:Amongjobsthatrequireatwo-yearassociate'sdegreegrantedbyacollegeoruniversity,somepaysubstantiallymorethanothers.TheaveragestatelicensingfeeforbecomingaDentalHygienistisahefty$1,600,butthepaybumpyou'llreceivewilllikelymakeupforittentimesoverinthefirstyear.13．Theunderlinedexpression"thebiggestbangforyourbuck"inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．thejoblossforyourhesitationtoinvestB．a(chǎn)goodincomeresultingfromyourskillsC．a(chǎn)goodreturnforthemoneyyouhavespentD．thegreateffortsyou'dmaketochangeyourlife.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Amongthedroneoperators,thosewhoworkfordeliveryservicescanearnthemost.B．Comparedtoahomeinspector,beinganHVACContractorismorecost-effective.C．AsanMRItechnologist,you'dbelesslikelytobejoblessduringaneconomiccrisis.D．Highereducationisn'tacompulsoryrequirementifyouwanttobeadentalhygienist.15．Whichofthefollowingmatchingforthechartiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A．①RadiologicTechnologist;②Cosmetologist;③GeneralContractorB．①DronePilot;②GeneralContractor;③DentalHygienistsC．①MessageTherapist;②RadiologicTechnologist;③CosmetologistD．①DronePiolt;②Cosmetologist;③RadiologicTechnologist【答案】13．C14．C15．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。講述了五種含金量最高的職業(yè)執(zhí)照。13．詞義猜測題。結(jié)合下文對五種職業(yè)的介紹得知，五種職業(yè)執(zhí)照的獲得都需要花費一定的學習和費用，但獲得執(zhí)照后得到的工作的薪資是無比誘人的。據(jù)此可知，黑體字表達的意思為花的錢少，但回報多。選項C充分表達了這個含義。故選C。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DronePilots段落的內(nèi)容介紹，文章提到了無人機操作員的薪水，并未對做與此工作相關(guān)的職業(yè)進行比較。選項A.：在無人機操作員中，那些從事送貨服務(wù)的人可以賺到最多的錢。在文中并未提及。結(jié)合HomeInspectors段落，根據(jù)BothHomeInspectorsandHVACContractorsearnabout$61Kperyear,onaverage,butgettingastateHVACContractorlicensetypicallyrequiresabout4,000hoursoftrainingandexperience(thosesystemsarebecomingevenmorecomplex),whereasaHomeInspectorlicenseonlyrequires360hoursoftrainingandexperience,andmuchofthetrainingcanbegainedfreeofchargeonthejob.房屋檢查員和HVAC承包商平均每年賺61000美元，但獲得州HVAC承包商執(zhí)照通常需要4000小時的培訓和經(jīng)驗(這些系統(tǒng)正變得更加復雜)，而房屋檢查員執(zhí)照只需要360小時的培訓和經(jīng)驗，大部分培訓可以在工作中免費獲得?？芍龇课輽z查員比做暖通空調(diào)承包商更劃算。選項B：和房屋檢查員相比，做暖通空調(diào)承包商更劃算。和文意不符。結(jié)合RadiologicTechnologists段落，根據(jù)That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).這并不比成為一名放射科或核磁共振技師(3300小時)的要求低多少，（核磁共振技師）這份工作的增長速度遠遠超過平均水平，更能抵御經(jīng)濟衰退的影響，而且報酬是平均水平的兩倍(56162美元對28608美元)?？芍?，成為了核磁技術(shù)專家，能抵御經(jīng)濟衰退的影響。換句話說，核磁技術(shù)專家不太可能失業(yè)。選項C：作為核磁共振技術(shù)專家，在經(jīng)濟危機期間，你不太可能失業(yè)。與文章意義相符。結(jié)合DentalHygienists的介紹：Amongjobsthatrequireatwo-yearassociate'sdegreegrantedbyacollegeoruniversity,somepaysubstantiallymorethanothers.TheaveragestatelicensingfeeforbecomingaDentalHygienistisahefty$1,600,butthepaybumpyou'llreceivewilllikelymakeupforittentimesoverinthefirstyear.在那些需要學院或大學授予的兩年制大專文憑的工作中，有些工作的薪水要比其他工作高得多。成為牙結(jié)石清除專家術(shù)的平均費用是1600美元，但是第一年你會得到10倍的加薪。可知，成為牙結(jié)石清除專家，大學教育是必須的，會讓你的薪水加薪。選項D：如果你想成為一名牙結(jié)石清除專家，高等教育不是必修課。和文章意義不符。據(jù)此，可知選項C符合題意。故選C。15．細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第三段Ifyouwanttobecomeadronepilot,allyouneedtodoisbeabove16yearsold,passtheFederalAviationAdministration'sRemotePilotCertificateexam(whichrequiresabout15to20hoursofstudying),andpaya$150licensingfee.Payfordronepilotsaverages$56,426peryear,如果你想成為一名無人機飛行員，你只需要年滿16歲，通過聯(lián)邦航空管理局的遠程飛行員證書考試(需要15至20小時的學習)，并支付150美元的執(zhí)照費。無人機駕駛員的年薪平均為56426美元?？芍?，成為無人機飛行員，需要花費150美元的執(zhí)照費，15至20小時的學習，無人機駕駛員的年薪平均為56426美元,；結(jié)合第六段Licensingrequirementsforcosmetologists（美容師）havebecomesoonerousthatcandidatesnowneed2,700hoursoftrainingandexperienceonaverage.That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).

美容師的執(zhí)照要求變得如此艱巨，以至于現(xiàn)在的申請者平均需要2700小時的培訓和經(jīng)驗。這并不比成為一名放射科或核磁共振技師(3300小時)的要求低多少，）（核磁共振技師）這份工作的增長速度遠遠超過平均水平，更能抵御經(jīng)濟衰退的影響，而且報酬是平均水平的兩倍(56162美元對美元)。可知道美容師的學時要求需要2700小時的培訓和經(jīng)驗；薪水為28608美元；核磁共振技師需要3300小時的學習和培訓，薪水為56162美元；據(jù)此，結(jié)合圖像可知，①為無人機駕駛員，②為美容師，③為核磁共振技師。選項D符合題意。故選D。5.（2023·黑龍江大慶·高三鐵人中學?？计谀㏕echnologyissupposedtomakeourliveseasier,allowingustodothingsmorequicklyandefficiently.Buttoooftenitseemstomakethingsharder.Thisincreaseincomplexity,oftencalled"featurecreep,"costsconsumerstime,butitalsocostsbusinessmoney.ProductreturnsintheU.S.costahundredbilliondollarsayear,andarecentstudybyElkedenOuden,ofPhilipsElectronics,foundthatatleasthalfofreturnedproductshavenothingwrongwiththem.Consumersjustcouldn'tfigureouthowtousethem.Companiesnowknowagreatdealaboutproblemsofusabilityandconsumerbehavior,sowhyisitthatfeaturecreepprovesunstoppable?Inpart,fieaturecreepistheproductoftheso-calledinternal-audienceproblem:thepeoplewhodesignandsellproductarenottheoneswhobuyandusethem,andwhatengineersandmarketersthinkisimportantisnotnecessarilywhat'sbestforconsumers.Theengineerstendnottonoticewhenmoreoptionsmakeaproductlessusable.Andmarketingandsalesdepartmentsseeeachadditionalfeatureasanewsellingpoint,andanewwaytoattractcustomers.Youmightthink,then,thatcompaniescouldavoidfieaturecreepbyjustpayingattentiontowhatcustomersreallywant.Butthat'swherethetroublebegins,becausealthoughconsumersfindoverloadedgadgets（配件）unmanageable,theyalsofindthemattractive.Itturnsoutthatwhenwelookatanewproductinastorewetendtothinkthatthemorefeaturesthereare,thebetter.Itisonlyoncewegettheproducthomeandtrytouseitthatwerealizethevirtuesofsimplicity.Itseemsstrangethatwedon'texpectfeaturetirednessandthusavoidit.But,asnumerousstudieshaveshown,peoplearenot,ingeneral,goodatpredictingwhatwillmakethemhappyinthefuture.Asaresult,wewillpaymoreformorefeaturesbecausewesystematicallyoverestimatehowoftenwe'llusethem.Wealsooverestimateourabilitytofigureouthowacomplicatedproductworks.Thefactthatbuyerswantbellsandwhistlesbutuserswantsomethingclearandsimplecreatesanunusualproblemforcompanies.Aproductthatdoesn'thaveenoughfeaturesmayfailtocatchoureyeinthestore.Butaproductwithtoomanyfeaturesislikelytoannoyconsumers.16．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlydiscuss?A．Thebenefitsbroughtbytheadvancedtechnology.B．TherecentstudyconductedbyElkedenOuden.C．Thelosscausedbythefeaturecreepoftechnology.D．Manyproblemsofusabilityknownbytheconsumers.17．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A．Itistheaudienceproblemthatleadstofeaturecreep.B．Whatmatterstodesignersandmarketersisnotgoodforconsumers.C．Featurecreepbringsblessingstothepeopleinmarketingandsales.D．Theengineerswillnotpayattentiontothequalityoftheproduct18．Whatdoweknowaboutthebuyersinparagraph4?A．Theyaredeeplyconvincedthatalltheproductsworkinsimpleway.B．Theyarefedupwiththemoreandmorefeaturesoftheproducts.C．Theyaretooconfidentoftheirabilitytousethecomplicatedproducts.D．Theyarequiteclearabouttheproductswhichwillmakethemhappy.19．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SayingNotoFeatureCreepisNoEasyThingB．Feature-heavyProductsinDemandC．TheMoreFeatures,theBetterD．SimplicityOutweighsComplexity【答案】16．C17．C18．C19．A【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻擋的，拒絕“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，特別是“Thisincreaseincomplexity,oftencalled"featurecreep,"costsconsumerstime,butitalsocostsbusinessmoney.”可知，“功能蔓延”不但消耗消費者的時間，而且還消耗企業(yè)的資金，由此可知，本段主要講的是技術(shù)的“功能蔓延”造成的損失，故C項正確。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Andmarketingandsalesdepartmentsseeeachadditionalfeatureasanewsellingpoint,andanewwaytoattractcustomers.”可知，營銷和銷售人員把它看作一個新的賣點，一個吸引顧客的新方法，由此可知，“功能蔓延”給營銷和銷售人員帶來福音，故C項正確。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Wealsooverestimateourabilitytofigureouthowacomplicatedproductworks.”可知，購買者高估了自己理解復雜產(chǎn)品工作原理的能力，也就是說他們對自己使用復雜產(chǎn)品的能力過于自信，故C項正確。19．主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“sowhyisitthatfeaturecreepprovesunstoppable?”可知，本文從設(shè)計者和消費者的角度介紹了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻擋的，拒絕“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情，故A項正確。6.（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈師大附中?？计谀〥utchauthorMariekeLucasRijneveldhasbecomeoneoftheyoungestwriterstobeshortlisted（列入候選）foraBookerprize,aftertheirdebutnovel（處女作）madethefinalline-upfortheInternationalBooker.Rijneveld.arisingstarinDutchliterature,is28―lightlyolderthanBritishauthorDaisyJohnsonwaswhenshewasshortlistedfortheBookerprizein2018age27.Theauthor,whoidentifiesasmaleandusesthepronounsthey/them,wasshortlistedafterasix-hourvirtual(虛擬的)judgingmeetingforthe￡50,000prize,whichissharedequallybetweenwriterandtranslator,forTheDiscomfortofEvening,translatedbyMicheleHutchison.Thenovel,tellsofagirlwhosebrotherdiesinaskatingaccidentanddrawsfromRijneveld’sownexperiences:whentheywerethree,their12-year-oldbrotherwasknockedoverandkilledbyabus.“Rijneveld’slanguagerenders(重現(xiàn))theworldagain,revealingtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouththroughtheangleofaDutchdairyfarm.Thestrangenessofachildlookingatthestrangenessoftheworldisinit,”saidjudgesofthework.“TheDiscomfortofEveningisoneofsixnovelsintherunningfortheInternationalBooker,eachofwhich,”saidchairofjudgesTedHodgkinson,“restlesslyreinvents（重塑）receivednarratives,fromfoundationalmythstofamilyfolklore,plungingusintodiscomfitinganddelightfulencounterswithselvesinastateoftransition(過渡)”.Hodgkinsonchairedapanel（專家組）offivejudgeswhoselectedtheshortlistfrom124submissions.Thecoronaviruspandemicmeanttheirmeetinghadtobevirtual,butHodgkinsonsaidheandhispanelstillmanagedtodiscusstheline-upformorethansixhours.Thewinnerwillbeannouncedon19May.20．Wecanlearnfromthe2ndparagraphthat_____________.A．Rijneveldisayoungmalewriter.B．RijneveldandthetranslatorMicheleHutchisonwillsharethe$50,000prize.C．DaisyJohnsonwastheyoungestwritershortlistedforaBookerprizethisyear.D．TheDiscomfortofEveningispartlyadaptedfromRijneveld’sownexperiences.21．Whichcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Rijneveld’sbrotherdiedfromaskatingaccident.B．ThejudgesoftheworkspeakhighlyofRijneveld’slanguage.C．SixnovelsrevealtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouthonaDutchdairyfarm.D．Hodgkinsonandhispanelwereunhappytodiscusstheline-uponlineforoversixhours.22．Whydidthepanelhaveavirtualjudgingmeeting?A．Becauseofthecoronaviruspandemic.B．Becausethereweretoomanysubmissions.C．Becauseitwasmoreeffectiveonline.D．Becausethejudgeslivestoofarawayfromeachother.23．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleofthepassage?A．BookerprizewinnerwillbeannouncedB．Rijneveld,oneofthemostyoungestBookerwinnerC．InternationalBookerprizeshortlistledby28-year-old’sdebutD．TheDiscomfortofEveninganovelrunningfortheInternationalBooker【答案】20．D21．B22．A23．C【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一部由作者改編自身經(jīng)歷的處女作領(lǐng)跑國際布克獎入圍沒那個單。評審團對這部小說給予高度評價。20．細節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Thenovel,tellsofagirlwhosebrotherdiesinaskatingaccidentanddrawsfromRijneveld’sownexperiences:whentheywerethree,their12-year-oldbrotherwasknockedoverandkilledbyabus.”可知，小說講述了一個女孩的弟弟在一次滑冰事故中喪生的故事，取材于Rijneveld自己的經(jīng)歷:在他們?nèi)龤q的時候，他們12歲的弟弟被一輛公共汽車撞倒并喪生?？梢?，這部小說改編于作者本身的經(jīng)歷。故選D項。21．細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Rijneveld’slanguagerenders(重現(xiàn))theworldagain,revealingtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouththroughtheangleofaDutchdairyfarm.”可知，Rijneveld的語言再次呈現(xiàn)了這個世界，從一個荷蘭奶牛場的角度揭示了早期青少年的震驚和暴力。評委說Rijneveld的語言再次呈現(xiàn)了世界，可見評委對這部小說的語言是高度贊揚的。故選B項。22．細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段“Thecoronaviruspandemicmeanttheirmeetinghadtobevirtual,butHodgkinsonsaidheandhispanelstillmanagedtodiscusstheline-upformorethansixhours.”可知，冠狀病毒大流行意味著他們的會議必須是虛擬的，但霍奇金森說，他和他的評審小組仍然討論了6個多小時的排名。這里可以直接看出來，評審會因為冠狀病毒而不得不進行虛擬會議。故選A項。23．主旨大意題。由第一段“DutchauthorMariekeLucasRijneveldhasbecomeoneoftheyoungestwriterstobeshortlisted（列入候選）foraBookerprize,aftertheirdebutnovel（處女作）madethefinalline-upfortheInternationalBooker.”可知，荷蘭作家MariekeLucasRijneveld成為入圍布克獎的最年輕作家之一，此前他們的處女作進入了國際布克獎的決賽名單。結(jié)合全文，這篇文章不僅僅介紹了作者，也介紹了他們的獲獎的這部處女作。故選C項。7.（2023·浙江·德清縣高級中學?？寄M預測）TheurgencyandimportanceofCovid-19over(hepastyearhavedrivenalmosteverythingelsefrommostleaders5minds.Butsincethevaccineiskickingin,Britain'sgovernmentisonceagainbeginningtothinkaboutthethingsthatwillmatterlater.Nextweek,itisexpectedtopublisha'planforgrowth“toboostproductivity,withinnovationatitscentre.Theworldmaybeonthepointofatechnologicalboomwithlifesciences,atwhichBritainexcels.Innovationiscrucialtoproductivity,butonthisfrontBritain'sperformancehaslaggedbehinditscompetitors'inrecentyears.Itslowspen