十年（2015-2024）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編（全國(guó)）專題 17 閱讀理解七選五(說(shuō)明文)（教師卷）

專題17閱讀理解七選五(說(shuō)明文)2024年P(guān)assage1【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂(lè)趣?！?6題詳解】上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫錯(cuò)誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒(méi)有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書和能用手指翻閱的書頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子，沒(méi)有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項(xiàng)“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。【40題詳解】上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫道：“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了編寫字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂(lè)趣，D選項(xiàng)“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂(lè)趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage2【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___16___Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___17___●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___18___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●___19___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.___20___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【答案】16.B17.C18.E19.A20.G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象?！?6題詳解】前文“Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.(旅游促進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，后文“Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainlynot.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行，D選項(xiàng)“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?8題詳解】前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個(gè)熱門目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門的景點(diǎn)，E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”語(yǔ)境一致。故選E?！?9題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳解】前文“Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.(盡你的一份力，從一開(kāi)始就保護(hù)一個(gè)目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時(shí)應(yīng)保護(hù)旅游景點(diǎn)，后文“Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.(你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺(jué)如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受，G選項(xiàng)“考慮回饋你所訪問(wèn)的社區(qū)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。Passage3【2024全國(guó)甲卷】Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.____16____Butitdoesn'tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.Takeyourtime.It'simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.____17____Itactuallytakesafewminutesforyourbraintotellyourbodythatithashadenoughfood,soeatslowlyandstopeatingbeforeyoufeelfull.Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,“speciallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It'smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.____18____Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.____19____Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.Butbylearninghealthierwaystomanageemotions,youcanregaincontroloverthefoodyoueatandyourfeelings.____20____Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou'remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.AEatproperlythroughouttheday.B.Wedon'talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C.Don'tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D.Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon'tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.【答案】16.F17.C18.E19.B20.A【解析】【16題詳解】上文“Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds,Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.(基本上，它意味著只吃你身體需要的食物，你應(yīng)該在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)感到滿足，但不要太飽)”指出，進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要吃太飽，吃東西要適量。下文“Butitdoesn’tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.(但這并不意味著要告別你喜歡的食物)”指出，適量進(jìn)食不是要放棄吃自己喜歡的食物。F項(xiàng)“對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)制意味著比現(xiàn)在少吃。”解釋了何為適量進(jìn)食。承上啟下，符合文意，選項(xiàng)中的“means”與下文一致。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Takeyourtime.It’simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.(慢慢來(lái)。放慢腳步，把食物看作是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西，而不僅僅是會(huì)議間隙吃的東西，這一點(diǎn)很重要)”可推知，本段主要建議讀者吃東西要細(xì)嚼慢咽，不要過(guò)于急躁。C項(xiàng)“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽?！背薪由衔?。符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.(如果你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不健康的零食，比如餅干，那么適量食用就更具挑戰(zhàn)性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于適度飲食，E項(xiàng)“相反，你應(yīng)該選擇健康的食物。”符合文意，建議讀者選擇健康的食物。選項(xiàng)中的“healthy”與上文中的“unhealthy”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段首句“Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.(控制情緒化進(jìn)食)”以及下文“Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.(我們中的許多人也會(huì)求助于食物來(lái)處理不愉快的情緒，如悲傷、孤獨(dú)或無(wú)聊)”可推知，本段主要建議讀者不要情緒化的進(jìn)行暴飲暴食，要進(jìn)行健康飲食。B項(xiàng)“我們吃東西并不總是為了充饑?！敝赋鲇行┤顺詵|西并不總是為了充饑，引出下文有些人通過(guò)食物發(fā)泄情緒，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處位于段首，總結(jié)全段，下文“Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday,Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.(健康的早餐可以啟動(dòng)你的新陳代謝，而吃少量健康的食物可以讓你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜進(jìn)食。盡量早點(diǎn)吃晚飯，禁食14—16個(gè)小時(shí)，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我們?cè)谝惶熘械拿總€(gè)時(shí)間段都要健康飲食。A項(xiàng)“一整天都要適當(dāng)飲食。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage4【2024北京卷】Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___35___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.___36___Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___37___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethat.foxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___38___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___39___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.【答案】35.G36.C37.D38.F39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了擁有“刺猬”型思維方式和“狐貍”型思維方式的兩類人對(duì)于個(gè)人和企業(yè)建立信譽(yù)度的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.(擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案，G項(xiàng)中They指代上文中的Hedgehog，G項(xiàng)“他們明確地站在一邊或另一邊，并全力支持自己的立場(chǎng)”說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人往往有明確的立場(chǎng)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.(他們專注于一件事并把它做得很好。他們知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備優(yōu)點(diǎn)，他們可以專注于一件事并知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么。C項(xiàng)“因此，他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)是（頭腦）清楚和自信”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。【37題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人不僅比擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人更容易出錯(cuò)，而且當(dāng)事情與他們的預(yù)測(cè)不相符時(shí)他們不太可能意識(shí)到，也不太可能承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了)”可知，此處介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的缺點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能會(huì)有不利的一面”引出下文，介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備缺點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.(“狐貍”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，他們更有可能從更廣泛的來(lái)源中尋找新信息，并且對(duì)不確定性和新信息感到舒適)”和下文“Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.(他們?cè)噲D將其納入自己的觀點(diǎn)，而不是將其排除在自己的思維之外)”可知，此處介紹擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人處理事情的方式。F項(xiàng)“當(dāng)某件事與他們的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾時(shí)，他們不會(huì)把它當(dāng)作例外”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。【39題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以用“像狐貍的刺猬”風(fēng)格來(lái)回答)”和下文“Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.(成為擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人還是擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人的選擇是一種錯(cuò)誤的權(quán)衡)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人和擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人各有優(yōu)勢(shì)。A項(xiàng)“換句話說(shuō)，兩者都有其明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。Passage4【2024浙江1月卷】Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.___16___Butareallonlinecoursescreatedequal?Howcanyoubesurethatdigitallearningisrightforyou?___17___Weinterviewedstudentsandprofessorstogettheiradviceaboutonlinecourses,Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.___18___“Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasyitcanbetofallbehindschedule,”saysgraduatestudentAmandaBindman.Beforechoosingtostudyonline,considerwhetheryou’reaself-motivatedlearnerandifthematerialseemsinterestingenoughtokeepyougoing.Thetipthatcomesupmostoftenissimple:buildonlinecoursesintoyourweeklyschedule,justlikewhatyouwoulddowithinpersoncourses.___19___Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.Itissoeasytoletanonlinecourseslide,butyourgradeswillsufferasaresult.Besuretoschedulesettimestowatchyourlectures,readmaterialsandcontributetoonlinediscussionboards.___20___Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.A.Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.B.Yourmotivationshouldbeyourmainconcern.C.Doyouknowthatonlinecoursesarealsopartofyoureducation?D.ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.E.Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.F.Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?G.Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了在線學(xué)習(xí)的注意事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】由上文“Inthepastfewyears,onlinelearninghasbecomeasignificantpartoftheuniversityandcollegeexperience.(在過(guò)去的幾年里，在線學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)成為大學(xué)生活的重要組成部分)”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)大學(xué)生活很重要，本空要說(shuō)跟“這種現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)”有關(guān)的話題，故G選項(xiàng)“Asurveyfoundthat29percentofcollegestudentsregisteredforonlinecourses.(一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，29%的大學(xué)生注冊(cè)了在線課程。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】由上文“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(但是所有的在線課程都是平等的嗎？你如何確定數(shù)字化學(xué)習(xí)適合你？)”可知，上文對(duì)在線課程提出疑問(wèn)，本空可以繼續(xù)提出疑問(wèn)，故F選項(xiàng)“Ifyoutakeanonlinecourse,whatcanyoudotoensurethebestpossiblegrade?(如果你參加了在線課程，你能做些什么來(lái)確保盡可能好的成績(jī)？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】由上文“Themostobviousadvantageofonlinelearningisthatyoucanstudyanywhereandanytime.(在線學(xué)習(xí)最明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)是你可以隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí))”可知，在線學(xué)習(xí)具備的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以讓你隨時(shí)隨地學(xué)習(xí)，本空要說(shuō)跟“學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項(xiàng)“Butthatdoesn’tmeantherearen’tdeadlines.(但這并不意味著沒(méi)有最后期限。)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，that指代上一句話，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳解】由下文“Henotedthathisonlinestudentsusuallyendupwithlowergrades.(他指出，他的在線學(xué)生最終的成績(jī)通常較低)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“在線老師”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“ProfessorAlexDavidsonteachesthesamecourseinpersonandonline.(AlexDavidson教授親自授課和在線授課)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D項(xiàng)中的“AlexDavidson教授”，符合題意。故選D?！?0題詳解】由下文“Asocialconnectionisoftenabigpartoflearning.Therearethingsyoucandotoeasethisproblem.JessicaPink,anundergraduatestudent,suggeststakingonlinecourseswithafriend,soyoucanmotivateeachothertostayontrack.Youcanalsofindstudentsontheclassdiscussionboardtoorganizeastudygroup,orschedulein-personmeetingswithyourprofessortodiscusscourseconcepts.(社會(huì)關(guān)系通常是學(xué)習(xí)的重要組成部分。你可以做一些事情來(lái)緩解這個(gè)問(wèn)題。本科生杰西卡·平克建議和朋友一起參加在線課程，這樣你們就可以互相激勵(lì)，堅(jiān)持下去。你也可以在課堂討論板上找到學(xué)生，組織一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)小組，或者安排與教授面對(duì)面的會(huì)議，討論課程概念)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“人們之間的互動(dòng)”有關(guān)的話題，故E選項(xiàng)“Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.(對(duì)在線課程的主要抱怨是它們?nèi)狈θ伺c人之間的互動(dòng)。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選E。Passage5Passage6Passage7Passage82023年P(guān)assage1【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章鼓勵(lì)人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的寫作練習(xí)來(lái)增強(qiáng)自信。通過(guò)列出個(gè)人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)原諒自己的錯(cuò)誤，并從中成長(zhǎng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯(cuò))ishuman.(為錯(cuò)誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無(wú)過(guò)。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過(guò)于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的寫作練習(xí)來(lái)幫助你做到這一點(diǎn)。)”中的“dothis”以及下文內(nèi)容可推斷，空處應(yīng)該內(nèi)容和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項(xiàng)D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要。)”與“不要太自責(zé)”語(yǔ)意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫上“個(gè)人優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛(ài)心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個(gè)性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個(gè)性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn)。)”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁(yè)的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過(guò)的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時(shí)候，當(dāng)你沒(méi)有被要求卻主動(dòng)熨衣服的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時(shí)候。)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來(lái)有多小，都要把它寫下來(lái)。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來(lái)。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見(jiàn)，談?wù)勈鞘裁醋屇銈兠總€(gè)人都與眾不同，以及你們個(gè)性中閃光的方面。)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會(huì)使得你和朋友們一起交換意見(jiàn)等。選項(xiàng)C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習(xí)。)”符合語(yǔ)境，C項(xiàng)中的“they”與空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內(nèi)容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時(shí)選項(xiàng)C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事實(shí)上，不要等到你犯了錯(cuò)誤才去嘗試這個(gè)——這是一個(gè)在任何時(shí)候都能增強(qiáng)自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多數(shù)人不是從他們的成功中學(xué)習(xí)，而是從他們的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，這是陳詞濫調(diào)。但事實(shí)是，這是真的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人是從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么錯(cuò)誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合語(yǔ)境，G項(xiàng)中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我們一直在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，錯(cuò)誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯(cuò)并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過(guò)錯(cuò)誤來(lái)成長(zhǎng)。故選G。Passage2【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了了一些開(kāi)始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(從小開(kāi)始。我建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐。這些小的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐可以提供靈感，并成為未來(lái)更復(fù)雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你會(huì)想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅，看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進(jìn)步)”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過(guò)渡句，從給出建議使用一個(gè)素描本進(jìn)行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐，到回顧自己的藝術(shù)之旅，所以C項(xiàng)“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初學(xué)時(shí)的藝術(shù)作品)”符合文意，和后文形成順承關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，位于段尾，是對(duì)本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(經(jīng)常作畫，且從生活中作畫。沒(méi)有什么比不斷練習(xí)更能提高你的藝術(shù)水平了。無(wú)論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景，都要盡可能地從真實(shí)生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知，本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫，所以G項(xiàng)“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你會(huì)逐漸形成只有通過(guò)反復(fù)練習(xí)才能獲得的繪畫肌肉記憶)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋，并同時(shí)引出后文，根據(jù)前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(藝術(shù)的成長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)有點(diǎn)痛苦)”可知，A項(xiàng)“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒適區(qū))”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.(尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對(duì)于你的成長(zhǎng)非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品，并因此結(jié)識(shí)了一些最友好的人。無(wú)論我的藝術(shù)水平如何，他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知，本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品，所以D項(xiàng)“Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感覺(jué)舒適的話，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)前一句的進(jìn)一步解釋，并同時(shí)引出后文，根據(jù)前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不會(huì)是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(堅(jiān)持下去，給它時(shí)間，付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報(bào))”可知，E項(xiàng)“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你會(huì)遇到障礙，有時(shí)你會(huì)感到氣餒)”是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選E項(xiàng)。Passage3【2023年全國(guó)乙卷】Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemor