電子專業(yè)英語(yǔ)Lesson-8-Clock-Sources省公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit3ElectronicSystemComponentsLesson8ClockSources《電子信息工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)教程》任治剛主編電子工業(yè)出版社

7/23/202411/45Lesson8ClockSourcesBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques7/23/202422/45TerminologyOscillatorTCXO,PLL,VCODetectorBackgrounds7/23/202433/45Terminology

7/23/202444/45Oscillator振蕩器Resonant諧振SeriesResonant串聯(lián)諧振ParallelResonant并聯(lián)諧振Resonatingfrequency諧振頻率Oscillator7/23/202455/45TCXO:TemperatureCompensatedCrystalOscillator 溫度賠償晶體振蕩器PLL:PhaseLockedLoop 鎖相環(huán)VCO:VoltageControlledOscillator 壓控振蕩器TCXO,PLL,VCO7/23/202466/45detectorn.檢測(cè)器,檢波器,探測(cè)元件phasedetectorn.鑒相器,相位檢測(cè)器frequencydetectorn.鑒頻器,頻率檢測(cè)器Detector7/23/202477/45OutlineClockDevicesCrystals,CrystalOscillators,CompensatedOscillators,VoltageControlledOscillator,FrequencySynthesizers,ClockBuffersClockParametersClockJitter,Skew,Tolerance/Accuracy,Stability,Aging,Slew,DutyCycleTexttour7/23/202488/45Abasicpiezoelectricquartzcrystal

TwokindsofcrystalsSeriesResonantParallelResonantClockDevices

Crystals7/23/202499/45AnoscillatorwiththecrystalasthefeedbackelementProvidesthemostaccurateandstableoutputfrequency.Thepreferredclocksourceinmosthigh-speeddigitalsystemsrequiringclocks.ClockDevices

CrystalOscillators7/23/20241010/45TrytoadjustthevariationinfrequencyduetotemperatureandvoltageTemperatureCompensatingOscillators(TCXO)

ClockDevices

CompensatedOscillators7/23/20241111/45TheoutputofVCOiscontrolledbyavoltagecontrolinputpin.ClockDevices

VoltageControlledOscillator7/23/20241212/45UseoneormorePLLtogenerateonetomanydifferentfrequenciesontheiroutputs,fromoneormorereferencesources.APLLhastwoinputsareferenceinputafeedbackinput.APLLcorrectsfrequencyintwowaysfrequencycorrectionPhasecorrectionClockDevices

FrequencySynthesizers7/23/20241313/45Figure3.4.BlockDiagramofaPhaseLockedLoopClockDevices

FrequencySynthesizers7/23/20241414/45Adeviceinwhichtheoutputwaveformdirectlyfollowstheinputwaveform.HaveapropagationdelaySkewwillexistontheoutputsClockDevices

ClockBuffers7/23/20241515/45Thedeviationsinaclock’soutputtransitionsfromtheiridealpositions.Cycle-cyclejitterPeriodjitterLong-termjitterCausesofjitterPowersupplynoiseTheinternalPLLofthesynthesizerRandommechanicalnoisefromvibrationsofthecrystalRandomthermalnoisefromcrystal,oranyotherresonatingdevice.ClockParameters

ClockJitter7/23/20241616/45Thevariationinarrivaltimeoftwosignalsspecifiedtoarriveatthesametime

ClockDriverSkew(IntrinsicSkew)BoardDesignSkew(Extrinsicskew)ClockParameters

Skew7/23/20241717/45Ameasureofhowclosethepartoperatestothespecified(nominal)frequency,typicallyreferencedatambienttemperature(25oC+/-5oC).ClockParameters

Tolerance/Accuracy7/23/20241818/45Aparameterusuallyassociatedwithcrystalsandoscillators.ClockParameters

Stability7/23/20241919/45Thesystematicchangeinfrequencyovertimeduetointernalchangesincrystal/oscillator.ClockParameters

Aging7/23/20242020/45Therateofchangeofvoltageorfrequency

ClockParameters

Slew7/23/20242121/45Theratiooftheoutputhightimetothetotalcycletime.ClockParameters

DutyCycle7/23/20242222/45VocabularyIncrement,propagation,deviation,transition,Intrinsic,extrinsic,nominalStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse7/23/20242323/45Vocabulary7/23/20242424/45IncrementindictionaryTheprocessofincreasinginnumber,size,quantity,orextent. 增加Somethingaddedorgained: 增量Aslight,oftenbarelyperceptibleaugmentation. 微小增加Oneofaseriesofregularadditionsorcontributions: 累加Asmallpositiveornegativechangeinthevalueofavariable. 變量增量7/23/20242525/45IncrementintextTheResolutionwilldetermineinwhatsizeincrementsthefrequencycanchange.精度決定了頻率改變?cè)隽俊?/p>

7/23/20242626/45Incrementinuseangleincrement角增量annualincrement年增量averageincrement平均增量frequencyincrement頻率增量logarithmicincrement對(duì)數(shù)增量7/23/20242727/45PropagationindictionaryMultiplicationorincrease,asbynaturalreproduction. 繁殖Theprocessofspreadingtoalargerareaorgreaternumber;dissemination. 蔓延；散發(fā)Theactorprocessofpropagating,especiallytheprocessbywhichadisturbance,suchasthemotionofelectromagneticorsoundwaves,istransmittedthroughamediumsuchasairorwater. 傳輸7/23/20242828/45PropagationintextAClockBufferisadeviceinwhichtheoutputwaveformdirectlyfollowstheinputwaveform.Theinputwaveformpropagatesthroughthedeviceandisredrivenbytheoutputbuffers.Hence,suchdeviceshaveapropagationdelayassociatedwiththem.Inaddition,duetothedifferencesbetweenthepropagationdelaythroughthedeviceoneachinput-outputpath,skewwillexistontheoutputs.時(shí)鐘緩沖器是一個(gè)輸出波形直接跟隨輸入波形器件。輸入波形經(jīng)過(guò)該器件并被輸出緩沖器重新驅(qū)動(dòng)。所以,該類器件存在傳輸延遲。另外,因?yàn)樵诿總€(gè)輸入-輸出通道間存在傳輸延遲差異,輸出端將出現(xiàn)相位抖動(dòng)。7/23/20242929/45Propagationinusebeyond-the-horizonpropagation超越地平線傳輸,超視距傳輸carrypropagation進(jìn)位傳送earth-layerpropagation地層傳輸errorpropagation誤差傳輸forward-scatterpropagation前向散射傳輸freespacepropagation自由空間傳輸7/23/20243030/45Propagationinusegroundwavepropagation地波傳輸high-frequencypropagation高頻傳輸microwavepropagation微波傳輸multipathpropagation多徑傳輸radiopropagation無(wú)線電波傳輸ultrasonicpropagation超聲波傳輸7/23/20243131/45DeviationindictionaryTheactofdeviatingorturningaside. 背離，偏離Anabnormality;adeparture: 反常；偏移:Deviantbehaviororattitudes. 不正常行為或態(tài)度Thedifference,especiallytheabsolutedifference,betweenonenumberinasetandthemeanoftheset. 偏差7/23/20243232/45DeviationintextJittercanbedefinedasthedeviationsinaclock’soutputtransitionsfromtheiridealpositions.Thedeviationcaneitherbeleadingorlaggingtheidealposition.抖動(dòng)被定義為時(shí)鐘輸出狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換位置偏離了理想位置。這種偏離可能超前于理想位置,也可能滯后于理想位置。7/23/20243333/45absolutedeviation絕對(duì)差randomdeviation隨機(jī)偏差secondorderdeviation二階方差systemdeviation系統(tǒng)偏差Deviationinuse7/23/20243434/45Deviationinuse

deviationaberrationdivergence

Thecentralmeaningsharedbythesenounsisthedeparturefromwhatisprescribedorexpected.toleratesnodeviationfromtherules;regrettedtheaberrationsofherearlylife;thedivergenceoftwocultures.7/23/20243535/45TransitionindictionaryTheswitchingfromonestate(e.g.,positivevoltage)toanother(negative)inaserialtransmission.Achangefromonesignificantconditiontoanotherinatelegraphoradatasignal.7/23/20243636/45TransitionintextPeriodjitter,alsocalledshort-termjitter,isachangeinaclock’soutputtransitionfromitsidealpositionoverconsecutiveclockedges.周期內(nèi)抖動(dòng)也稱為短期抖動(dòng)。它是指在相繼時(shí)鐘邊緣范圍內(nèi)時(shí)鐘輸出狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換位置偏離理想位置。7/23/20243737/45Transitioninuseblack-to-whitetransition黑白過(guò)渡coaxial-to-waveguidetransition同軸線-波導(dǎo)管過(guò)渡environmentaltransition環(huán)境變遷flip-floptransition觸發(fā)器狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換7/23/20243838/45Intrinsic,extrinsicindictionaryIntrinsic:Oforrelatingtotheessentialnatureofathing;inherent. 本質(zhì)；固有Theintrinsicvalueofacoinisthevalueofthemetalitismadeof.Extrinsic:Notforminganessentialorinherentpartofathing;extraneous. 非本質(zhì)，無(wú)關(guān)系That'ssomethingextrinsictothesubject.Originatingfromtheoutside;external. 外來(lái)；外部7/23/20243939/45Intrinsic,extrinsicintextClockDriverSkew(IntrinsicSkew)istheamountofskewcausedbytheclockdriveritself.時(shí)鐘驅(qū)動(dòng)器相位偏移（內(nèi)部相位偏移）是由時(shí)鐘驅(qū)動(dòng)器引發(fā)相位偏移量。BoardDesignSkew(Extrinsicskew)istheamountofskewcausedbyboardlayoutissuessuchas:電路板設(shè)計(jì)相位偏移（外部相位偏移）是由以下電路板布線問(wèn)題造成相位偏移量:7/23/20244040/45NominalindictionaryAssignedtoorbearingaperson'sname提名,記名Existing