高中英語(yǔ)之特殊句式教案

只把謂語(yǔ)的一W(多為助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

特殊句式

置于主語(yǔ)之前的句子，叫部分倒裝句。

一、倒裝

(1)否定詞(hardly,seldom,never,rarely,

"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)"是英語(yǔ)句子的最基本結(jié)

innoway,undernocircumstances,byno

構(gòu)。如果把謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前，該句就

means,notonly,,,butalso,notuntil...)

成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

(2)表示否定或者半否定意義的副詞，介詞短

1、完全倒裝：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全放在主語(yǔ)之前的句語(yǔ)，連詞等置于句首。

子，便

否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,

(1)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中

seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意義的介詞

Therestandsanoldtreeonthetopofthe

短語(yǔ)atnotime,under/innocircumstances,

hill.

innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition

在表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),如：

(2)等置于句首時(shí)要倒裝,不在句首則用正常語(yǔ)序。

here,there,now,then,up,down,in,

NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.

out,away,off,intheroom,

HardlydoIthinkpossibletofinishthejob

onthewall等置于句首，且以名詞作主語(yǔ)的句

beforedark.

子

=Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejob

Herecomesthebus.

beforedark.

Awayflewthebirds.

練一練

Outwentthechildren.

1.NeverinmywildestdreamsB_

Nowcomesyourturn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。

thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoor

【注意】主語(yǔ)是代詞就不用倒裝,即主謂語(yǔ)序

conditions.

不變。Awayranthethief.Awayheran.

A.IcouldimagineB.couldIimagine

2、部分倒裝

C.Icouldn,timagineD.couldn't

Iimagine

2.Onlythen_Dhowmuchdamage(4)①s。+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ),意

hadbeencaused.為"……也”

A.sherealizedB.shehadrealizedC.Thatmanisadoctor,soishiswife.He

hadsherealizedD.didsherealizelikespopmusicverymuch,sodoI.

(3)so放在句首，So+adj./adv...that,M此句型也可寫成"itisthesamewith...",

為"如此……以至于……"后接表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，再或

"soitiswith..."o

跟that從句，so后面的主句要倒裝,而thatTheylovehavinglotsoffriends,“itisthe

引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝。samewithme./soitiswithme."

Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinso開(kāi)始的簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)如果是對(duì)別人說(shuō)的情況加

thenextroomcouldhearhim.以肯定，對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和，句子不可

Soeasyisthataboycanlearnin.如此使用倒裝。

容易，以至一個(gè)孩子都能學(xué)會(huì)。試比較：A:Iwasafraid.A:Iwas

練一練afraid.

SodifficultB_ittoworkouttheB:SowasI.B:Soyou

problemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforwere.

advice.@neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主

A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.語(yǔ)，意為"……也不這樣"。

IhavefoundD.haveIfoundI'veneverbeenabroad.Neitherhas

BthatMarciwasabletosetshe.

upnewbrancheselsewhere.Theboycanztswimandneither/norcan

A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswasthegirl.

B.Sosuccessfulwasherbusiness此句型也可寫成"itisthesamewith...",或

C.Soherbusinesswassuccessful"soitiswith...”。

D.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness

Lilycan'tride,itisthesamewithLucy/so

itiswithLucy

練一練②only修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句不可倒裝，主句

1.—Ifsburninghottoday,isn,tit要部分倒裝。

—Yes,A_yesterday.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthe

A.SowasitB.SoitwasC.Sotruth.

itisD.Soisit③only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子不可倒裝.

2.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.Onlymothercanunderstandme.

一C.Bsnacksanddrinks,butthey

A.SoismineB.SomineisC.Soalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhen

doesmineD.Sominedoestheyhadapicnicintheforest.

⑸only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，且放A.Notonlytheybrought

在句首時(shí)要倒裝。B.Notonlydidtheybring

OnlythendidIunderstandwhyshedidso.C.Notonlybroughtthey

OnlyinthiswaycanyoustudyEnglishD.Notonlytheydidbring

well.對(duì)名詞(或中心詞是名詞)感嘆時(shí)，用what

Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1880was引導(dǎo)；對(duì)形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí)，用how弓|導(dǎo)。

heabletocontinuethiswork.(6)as,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)采用形式

使用特點(diǎn)：倒裝的情況

①在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語(yǔ)部分無(wú)助動(dòng)詞，①表語(yǔ)的倒裝:Youngas/thoughheis,he

則需找助動(dòng)詞來(lái)"幫助"它構(gòu)成倒裝句。knowssomeofthefamilysecrets.

Onlyafterthewarhelearnedthesadnews.Strange

(X)as/thoughitseems,itistrue.

②謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的倒裝TryasI所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語(yǔ)，也可以是從句，

might,Icouldn'tliftthestone.但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語(yǔ)、

Searchas賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等，但不能是定語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)

theywouldhereandthere,theycouldWecalledonProf.Wangathisofficethis

findnothingintheroom.morning.今早我們到王教授的辦公室拜訪了

③狀語(yǔ)的倒裝，Muchashe他。

likesthebike,hedoesn,twanttobuyit.——Itwaswewho/thatcalledonProf.

HardasIWangathisofficethismorning.

studied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.——ItwasProf.Wangwho/thatwe

如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)作表語(yǔ),不calledonathisofficethismorning.

再用冠詞(1)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句只需把is(was)

Childasheis,hecancarrythebigbox.提前,BP:Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+

Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaks句子剩余成分。

Englishbest.Wasityourbrotherwhoworksinthat

練一練company

A,Tomcouldn'tmakethe(2)特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型只需在一般疑問(wèn)句

dooropen.前加上特殊疑問(wèn)詞，即：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+

A.TryasshemightB.Assheis/was+it+that+句子剩余成分.

mighttryWhowasitthatwrotethesefamousplays

C.shemightastryD.mightsheWherewasitthatyoupickedupthewallet

astry1.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_C_

二、強(qiáng)調(diào)MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.

Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子剩余A.howB.whichC.that

成分D.where

2.Wheredidyougettoknowher【注意】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與Itis/was+時(shí)間+

—Itwasonthefarm_D_weworked.when/before從句的區(qū)別

A.thatB.thereC.which在"Itis/was+時(shí)間+when/before從句”

D.where中，it指時(shí)間，when/before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀

not...until…句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句語(yǔ)從句。注意兩種句型"時(shí)間"表達(dá)方式的不

其強(qiáng)調(diào)句式為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部同。

分+that+其他成分。此句型只用until,不用ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhome

但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,可通用;

tillotill,untilyesterday.

Hedidn'tgotobeduntilteno'clock.Itwasmidnightwhen/betoreIgoback

—"Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthathewenthomeyesterday.

tobed.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此用介詞

Ididn'trealizedshewasafamousfilm短語(yǔ)表達(dá)；一般句型，時(shí)間以名詞的方式表達(dá),

staruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.—用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)。

Itwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglasses練一練

thatrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.ItwasDhecamebackfrom

Africathatyearhemetthegirlhe

wouldliketomarry.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it與作形式主語(yǔ)的it可根據(jù)能否A.when;thenB.not;untilC.not

恢復(fù)原句來(lái)判斷，即把Itis/was和that去掉,until;thatD.only;when

如果剩下的成分仍然能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子，【注意】Itis/was...that/who…結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)

這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，用助動(dòng)詞do,did

或

Itistherethatwemeteachother.doeso

Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.Idohopeyou'IIstaytolunch.

Docomeheretomorrow.

Hedidattendthemeeting.(2)對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：存在于musthave+過(guò)去

IAhopethateveryoneofuswill分詞時(shí),有以下兩種情況：

besuccessfulinourstudies.①有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如lastnight,yesterday

A.doB.didC.does等，反問(wèn)部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為didn*t+主語(yǔ)

D.doing②沒(méi)有具體得而過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。反問(wèn)部分用

I'vebeenstudyingthescienceofouterhaven't/hasn't+主語(yǔ)。

spaceforthelasttenyearsandnowIYoumust/may(might)betired

still_A_.now,_aren'tyou

A.amB.doC.beYoumusthaveseenthefilm,_haven,t

D.haveyou_______

三、反意疑問(wèn)句Hemusthavemetheryesterday,_didn't

主要考查主從復(fù)合句和并列句的反意疑問(wèn)句you_____

1、陳述部分含有31的反意疑問(wèn)句2、陳述部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為oughtto/usedto

(1)當(dāng)must作"必須"講時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)部分的反意疑問(wèn)句

用needn't;當(dāng)含有mustn't(不允許、禁其反意疑問(wèn)部分可采取兩種形式；

止)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)部分用must/may。HeusedtoliveinChina,usedn't/didn't

Youmustgohomerightnow,needn'the

you你必須得現(xiàn)在回家，對(duì)嗎Sheoughttoknowaboutit,

Youmustn'twalkongrass,mustyououghtn't/shouldn,tshe

你不能踐踏草地，不是嗎3、陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定詞的反意疑問(wèn)

(2)當(dāng)must/may(might)表示推測(cè),即must句

作"一定，準(zhǔn)是"講，分2種情況：當(dāng)陳述部分帶有no,noone,neither,nor,

(3)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)：看must后面的動(dòng)詞noneof,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,

few,little,nothing,nobody等否定詞或半Idon'tthinkhecanfinishthework,can

否定詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。he

YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyouWehadneverthoughtthatitwasgoingto

NothingiswrongwithyourTVset,isitbesodifficult,hadn,twe

【注意】如果陳述部分含有由表示"否定"意Youdon,tthinkIamwrong,doyou

義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞,其反意疑問(wèn)部分一般用否Nancydoesn'tbelievethatitisagood

定式。ideatobuythebiggercomputer,doesshe

Hewasunsuccessful,wasn'the5、祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句

Shelookedunhappy,didn,tshe祈使句后的附加問(wèn)句不表示反意，而表示一種

4、陳述部分含有賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

(1)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分⑴否定祈使句，+willyou

的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)常和主句保持一致(2)肯定祈使句,+will/won'tyou

Hesaidthathewouldcometomy(3)Let's...,+shallweLetus...,+

birthdayparty,didn'thewill/won'tyou

⑵陳述部分的主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是(4)Let+第三人稱...，+willyou

think,believe,suppose,guess,Openthedoor,will/won,tyou

expect,imagine,且主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),Let'sgooutforawalk,shallwe

反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與賓諳從句的主語(yǔ)Letusgohomenow,will/won'tyou

和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；但動(dòng)詞不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一6、回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的原則

般過(guò)去時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分和主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。不管是陳述部分為否定，還是附加問(wèn)句為否定,

陳述部分的主句主語(yǔ)為第二小人稱時(shí)，后面回答時(shí)只看所提到的事情是否已/會(huì)發(fā)生。如

的疑問(wèn)部分與圭包的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)一致。果發(fā)生了，用肯定回答，否用否定回答。如當(dāng)

Ithinkthequestionisdifficult,isn'tit對(duì)方問(wèn)你Youaren'tateacher,areyou或

Youareateacher,arentyou時(shí),你只要聽(tīng)

懂you和teacher兩個(gè)單詞即可，如果你是老1.當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)①?gòu)木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致,②

師,回答Yes,1am.否則,回答No,1amnot.且從句中含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的

要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出現(xiàn)類似主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，

于Yes,Idon't或No,Ido.的形式。Hewon*tcomeunless(heis)invited.

體驗(yàn)高考：Ilearnedmuchofmechanicswhile(Iwas)

mustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheatschool.機(jī)械

flowers,B2.如果狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，謂

A.isheB.isn'theC.語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如果從句的謂語(yǔ)

mustbeD.mustnzthe可以用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞代替,

2.Sally'sneverseenaplayinthe則可以省略主語(yǔ)，如：

ShanghaiGrandTheater,_BAftershesang,shelefttherichman,s

A.hasn'tsheB.hasshehouse.

C.isn'tsheD.isshe—Aftersinging,shelefttherichman,s

3.It'sthefirsttimethathehasbeentohouse.

Australia,_C3.如果狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分是itis/

A.isn,theB.hasn,thewas時(shí),itis/was可以省略,此時(shí)構(gòu)成“連

C.isn'titD.hasn'tit詞(if,unless,when.whenever等)+形容詞”

四、省略作狀語(yǔ)。如：

一、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象When(itis)necessaryyoucanhelpusto

定語(yǔ)從句中作哀道的關(guān)系代詞that,which,dosomething.

whom常可以省略。另外，我們還可以用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容，

Thatisthenaughtyboy(whom/that)we此時(shí)可有"if+so/not"省略句式。

talkedlastweek.

二、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象

Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(IfyouTheexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(it

don'tgetupearly),youwillmissthewas)expected.

firstbus.(6)連詞(asif,asthough)+不定式

Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(IfheisHeopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.

notathome),leavehimanote.三、不定式的省略

【注意】當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),1.單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)t。，代替動(dòng)詞不定式后

間或也有這樣的省略。被省略的部分,常用在beafraid,expect,

Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(sheforget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,

was)crossingthestreet.refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后邊。

這時(shí)從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：Heinvitedmetohavedinnerwithhim,but

(1)連詞(as,asif,once)+名詞Ididn,twantto(havedinnerwithhim).

Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksina2.如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,

通常保留和如:

governmentoffice.be,havehavebeeno

(2)連詞(though,whether,when)+形容-Areyouasailor-He

詞Workhardwhen(youare)young,orhasn'tfinishedyet.

you'IIregret.-No,butIusedtobe.-Well,he

(3)連詞(whether,asif,while)+介詞短語(yǔ)oughttohave.

Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)in3.不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在see,hear,feel,

searchofsomething.watch,make,have等感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞

(4)連詞(when,while,though)+現(xiàn)在分詞后，省略t。，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to補(bǔ)上。例

When(Iam)introuble,Ialwaysturntoher如；

forhelp.Wesawthecarstop.Thecar

(5)連詞(when,if,evenif,unless,once,wasseentostop.

than,as)+過(guò)去分詞4.否定形式的省略用notto.

-ShallIgoinsteadofhim⑴為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣或要特別指明向誰(shuí)提出命令

-Ipreferyounotto.或要求時(shí)，需加主語(yǔ)"you”,有時(shí)還可同時(shí)加

5.不定式符號(hào)to用在have,need,ought,稱呼語(yǔ)。

begoing,used等后面Tom,youwatertheflowers.

Ididn'twanttogothere,butIhadto.(2)命令/吩咐幾個(gè)人分頭做幾件事情時(shí)，祈使

6.不定式符號(hào)to用在某些形容詞，如句需帶主語(yǔ)"you”,還可同時(shí)帶稱呼。

glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。You,girls,cleanthedesks;you,boys,sweep

-Willyoujoininthegamethefloor.

-Kdbegladto.(3)在表達(dá)"不高興，厭煩"，等情緒時(shí)，可帶

7.當(dāng)but意為"除去，除開(kāi)"，做介詞時(shí)，前主語(yǔ)"you"。

有動(dòng)詞do,其后to多省略；前是其他動(dòng)詞，Youmindyourownbusiness!

其后則保留。否定式為，要把don't放在主語(yǔ)you之前，

Tomhadnothingtodobuthavearest.如:Don'tyoudothatagain.

五、祈使句和感嘆句(4)祈使句的主語(yǔ)除了用"you"外，還可用

一、祈使句"everybody,everyone,somebody,

1.否定式和強(qiáng)調(diào)式someone"等，它們可以放在句末。

Don'topenthedoor.Bequiet,everyone!

Neversaythatagain.3.祈使句+and+陳述句句與￡…+主句

Pleasedon/tforgettotakeyourWorkhardandyouwillsucceed=Ifyou

medicine.workhard,youwillsucceed.

Dotellhimwhenyouseehim.二、感嘆句

2.帶主語(yǔ)的祈使句1.基本構(gòu)成形式

(1)What(+a/an)+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂

語(yǔ)！

Whatabeautifulpictureitis!(2)省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)Howinteresting

(2)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主（itis）!

語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！Whataclever

Howwonderfulaplanyouhaveboy（heis）!

made!練一練：

=Whatawonderfulplanyouhave1.___D____rolesheplayedinthefilm!No

made!wondershehaswonanOscar.）

【注意】在復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前不A.HowinterestingB.Howan

可用"how+形容詞”構(gòu)成感嘆句，而只能interestingC.WhatinterestingD.

用what。Whataninteresting

（正）Whatgreatchangeswehavehad2.Mary,_D____here------everybodyelse,

theseyears!staywhereyouare.

（誤）HowgreatchangeswehavehadA.comeB.comes

theseyears!C.tocomeD.coming

（正）Whatgoodnewsitis!一、特殊句式試題演練

（誤）Howgoodnewsitis!1..（2016河北保定二模）ProfessorSalovery,

(3)How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！whoinventedthetermEQ,givesthe

Howkindthegirlis!followingdescription:Atwork,itistheEQ

HowfluentlyshespeaksEnglish!that

2.省略形式的感嘆句getsyoupromoted.

3.(1)how直接修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：How+主語(yǔ)2.（2016天津.13改編）Youarewaitingata

+謂語(yǔ)！wrongplace.Itisatthehotelthatthe

Howthewindblows!風(fēng)真大啊！coachpicksuptourists.

3.（2015安徽合肥名校聯(lián)考）Itwasnotthe10.（2016北京24）Observe（observe）

wordyousaidthatangered,butcarefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoing

howyousaidit.experimentsinthelab.

4.（2015天津3）OnlywhenLilywalkedinto11.（2016重慶10）—Ispenttwoweeksin

theofficedidsherealizeLondonlastsummer.

（realize）thatshehasleftthecontractat—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritish

home.Museumduringyourstay,didn,t

5.（2014陜西17）NosoonerhadMoyou

Yansteepedonthestagethanthe12.（2016?天津卷）Givemeachance,

audiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.andI'llgiveyouawonderful

6.（2017江西師范大學(xué)附中模擬）Wasn'titsurprise.

theicyroadratherthanthedriversthat13.（2017四川宜賓二診）"Onlytwo

wastoblamefortheseriesoftrafficcentimetershigher,andyouwill

accidentsbreaktheworldrecord/1encouragedthe

7.（2017湖南五市十校聯(lián)測(cè)）Youshouldbecoach.

fullypreparedbeforegoingwalkinginthe14.（2016山東部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考）Yes,of

all,bring（brinq）plentyofdrinkingcoursetheycelebrateChristmashere,and

waterwithyou.thereareobviouslydisplaysinshopsand

8.（2016江蘇）NotuntilrecentlydidChristmasmarkets,butthere

theyencouragethedevelopmentofseemtobenosignsofChristmasaverts.

tourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.15.（2017江西南昌三中檢測(cè)）一Wheredid