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DIGITAL

&

TRENDSInternetfreedominIndiaCHAPTER

01GlobaloverviewCountrieswiththehighestinternetfreedomindexscoreworldwideasof2023FreedomHouseIndex:countrieswiththehighestinternetfreedom2023Score0102030405060708090100IcelandEstonia9493Canada88CostaRicaUnitedKingdomTaiwan857978777776GermanyJapanAustraliaFrance767676GeorgiaUnitedStatesItaly753Description:In2023,Icelandwastheworldwideleaderintermsofinternetfreedom.Thecountryrankedfirstwith94indexpointsintheFreedomHouseIndex,whereeachcountryreceivedanumericalscorefrom100(thefreest)to0(theleastfree).Estoniarankedsecondwitha93indexpoints,followedbyCanada,withascoreof88indexpoints.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;June2022toMay2023;70countriesSource(s):FreedomHouseDegreeofinternetfreedomintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023,bycountryorterritoryInternetfreedomAPAC2023,bycountryIndexpoints4001020305060708090TaiwanJapan787776AustraliaSouthKoreaMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeSriLankaIndia676161545150IndonesiaCambodiaBangladeshThailand474441394Description:In2023,TaiwanwasrankedashavingthehighestdegreeofinternetfreedomfromallthecountriesandterritoriesacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion,scoring78indexpoints.Contrastingly,Chinawasrankedthelowest,scoringnineindexpointsintermsofitsinternetfreedomin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):APAC;2023Source(s):FreedomHouseTheeconomicimpactofinternetshutdownsworldwidefrom2019to2023YTD(inbillionU.S.dollars)Internetshutdowneconomiccosts2023YearCostin

billion

U.S.

dollars20198.074.01202020215.45202223.790.872023YTD5Description:BetweenJanuaryandMay2023,theeconomicimpactofinternetshutdownsworldwideamountedto869millionU.S.dollars.Intheprecedingyear,theglobalinternetrestrictionscost23.79billionU.S.dollars.TheshutdownsinRussiacausedthehighestamountoffinanciallosses.Onlineshutdownsandblackoutsaregenerallyseenasanindicatoroflowinternetfreedom.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2019to2023YTDSource(s):Top10VPNNumberofaffectedusersandtheeconomicimpactofinternetshutdownsinselectedcountriesin2022Internetshutdowneconomiccosts2022,bycountryTotal

cost(in

million

USD)Shutdown

duration

(in

hrs)Affected

internet

users

(in

millions)Russia215907737407717114411371.9416.1116.71.28120.741.02104.47IranKazakhstanMyanmarUzbekistanIndia410.3241.4219.7184.3145.882.717520563015338760287EthiopiaNigeriaCuba30.914TurkmenistanTurkey2940219.21069.9513.233.95Sudan17.874BurkinaFaso12.63806Description:In2022,Russiarankedfirstbytheeconomicimpactofinternetshutdownsinthecountry.Therestrictionsplacedbythegovernmentcost21.59billionU.S.dollarsinthemeasuredyear.InternetusersinMyanmarenduredatotalof17,520hoursofshutdowns,whichaffected16.7millionusersandhadaneconomicimpactofapproximately241millionU.S.dollars.Indiahadthelargestpopulationimpactedbytheinternetshutdowns.Onlineshutdownsandblackoutsaregenerallyseenasan[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):Top10VPNCountrieswiththelowestinternetfreedomindexscoreworldwideasof2023FreedomHouseIndexcountrieswiththelowestinternetfreedom2023Score05101520253035ChinaMyanmarIran91011Cuba20Russia21VietnamBelarusSaudiArabiaUzbekistanEthiopiaPakistanBahrainEgypt22252525262628287Description:In2023,?Chinahadthelowestinternetfreedomintheworld.?ThecountryrankedlastwithnineindexpointsintheFreedomHouseIndex,whereeachcountryreceivedanumericalscorefrom100(thefreest)to0(theleastfree).IranandMyanmarfollowed,scoringanindexpointof11and10ontheFreedomHouseIndex.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;June2022toMay2023;70countriesSource(s):FreedomHouseCHAPTER

02InternetusageinIndiaDigitalpopulationacrossIndiaasofJanuary2024,bytype(inmillions)DigitalpopulationinIndia2024,bytype800751.57006005004003002001000462ActivesocialmediausersActiveinternetusers9Description:Theintroductionofthegovernment’sDigitalIndiainitiative,handinhandwiththeincreasinginternetpenetrationovertherecentyears,resultedinthecountry’sdigitalpopulationsurgingover751millionactiveusersasofJanuary2024.Thetrafficintheworld’ssecondlargestinternetmarketatthisstagewaslargelydominatedbymobileinternetusers.ThecausesandtheireffectsThearrivalofRelianceJioservicesin2007,providedpeopleinthecountrywithschemesandsubsidiesthatwere[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):India;January2024Source(s):DataReportal;Hootsuite;WeAreSocialNumberofinternetusersinIndiafrom2017to2023,byregion(inmillions)NumberofinternetusersinIndia2017-2023,byregionUrbanRural9008007006004423995003043522512644003002001000186378360335315310295294201720182019202020212022202310Description:India’sdigitaladoptionhasbeendrivenbytheruralheartlandofthecountry,registeringahighgrowthofinternetuserscomparedtotheirurbancounterparts.In2023,therewere442millioninternetusersinruralIndia,accountingformorethanhalfthecountry'snetizens.?BridgingtheinternetgapThisjumpinruralinternetpenetrationwaslargelyowingtotheincreasedavailabilityofbandwidth,cheapdataplansandvariousgovernmentinitiativesundertheDigitalIndiacampaign.Asof[...]ReadmoreNote(s):India;2023Source(s):InternetandMobileAssociationofIndia;Kantar;TheEconomicTimesAveragedataconsumptionperuserpermonthinIndiafrom2015to2023(ingigabytes)AveragedataconsumptionperuserpermonthinIndia2015-2023302520151024.119.51713.511.29.75.752.80.8020152016201720182019202020212022202311Description:Asof2023,theaveragedataconsumptionperuserpermonthinIndiawasat24.1gigabytes.4Gdatatrafficcontributesto99percentoftheoveralldatatrafficwhile5GwaslaunchedinIndiainOctober2022.Increasedonlineeducation,remoteworkingforprofessionalsandhigherOTTviewershipcontributedtothedatatrafficgrowth.ReadmoreNote(s):India;2015to2023Source(s):NokiaTimespentperdayonvariousmediainIndiaasofthethirdquarterof2023,bytype(inhours.minutes)MediaconsumptionperdayIndiaQ32023,bytypeTimespentinhoursandminutes01234567InternetTV(streaming,broadcast)Socialmedia6.452.542.26News(online,print)MusicstreamingGameconsole1.521.361.141.01PodcastsRadio0.4112Description:Asofthethirdquarterof2023,Indiansspentthemosttimeinadayontheinternet,thatisoversixhoursonaverage.Incomparison,Indianconsumersdedicatedtheleastamountoftimeperdayduringthesameperiodlisteningtotheradio.

ReadmoreNote(s):India;Q32023Source(s):DataReportal;Varioussources(WeAreSocial,GWI.com,Kepios)MainreasonsforinternetusageinIndiaasofthethirdquarterof2023ReasonstousetheinternetIndiaQ32023Shareofinternetusers0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%FindinginformationWatchingvideos,TVshows,ormoviesStayingintouchwithfriendsandfamilyFindingnewideasorinspirationEducationorstudy-relatedpurposesResearchinghowtodothings58.3%54%53%52.2%49.1%47.4%47.1%KeepinguptodatewithnewsandeventsProduct/brandresearch45.3%43.1%AccessingandlisteningtomusicGeneralbrowsingMakingnewconnectionsResearchinghealthissuesandhealthcareproductsBusiness-relatedresearch35%34.8%34.5%34%Researchingplaces,vacationsandtravelSharingopinions33.7%33.4%13Description:Asofthethirdquarterof2023,findinginformationwastheleadingreasontousetheinternetinIndia,asreportedbyover58percentofitsinternetusers.Videoconsumptionwasthenextleadingreason.Indianinternetusersdevotednearlysevenhoursadaytousingtheinternetduringthesurveyedperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):India;Q32023;16-64yearsSource(s):DataReportal;GWI;Meltwater;WeAreSocialMainreasonstonotusetheinternetacrossIndiaasof2023ReasonsfornotusingtheinternetIndia2023Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%ToodifficulttounderstandanduseNotawareofthebenefitsoftheinternet23%22%22%NotinterestedinaccessinginternetNotallowedtoaccesstheinternet21%Cannotaffordinternetconnection/ExpensiveformeInternetisveryconfusingtome17%16%16%Donotowndevices(likecomputer,mobile,etc.)athomeNothinginterestingformeisavailableoninternetTootimeconsuming/Don’thaveenoughtime13%13%14/statistics/1459316/india-reasons-to-not-use-the-internetAsof2023,themainreasonprovidedfornotusingtheinternetby23percentofrespondentsinIndiawasthatitwastoocomplexforthemtolearntouse.Alackofawarenessofitsbenefitsandasimplelackofinterestweretheothertwoleadingreasons.ReadmoreNote(s):India;asof2023;665millionSource(s):InternetandMobileAssociationofIndia;KantarCHAPTER

03InternetshutdownsinIndiaNumberofgovernment-imposedinternetshutdownsinIndiafrom2012to2024NumberofinternetshutdownsIndia2012-20241601401201008013412910610096797760403117201465302012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024*16Description:BetweenJanuary2012andFebruary2024,therewere805government-imposedinternetshutdownsacrossIndia,resultinginthehighestnumberofinternetblocksintheworldsofar.AccordingtotheFreedomHouseIndexratingsof2019,Indiawaslabelledapartiallyfreedemocracyandscoredamediocre55pointsoutof100onthefreedomofinternetparameters.

ReadmoreNote(s):India;2012to2024;*TillFebruary2024.Thesourcedefinesaninternetshutdownasagovernment-imposeddisablementofaccesstotheinternetasawholewithinaparticularlocalityorlocalitiesforanydurationoftime.

ReadmoreSource(s):MediaNama;SFLC.in(Mediareports,websites);VarioussourcesNumberofinternetshutdownsinIndiafrom2012to2024,bytypeNumberofinternetshutdownsIndia2012-2024,bytypePreventiveactionReactiveaction1601401201008048682261481186117606094878440681920611711237150222012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024*17Description:In2023,theIndiangovernmentimposed95internetshutdowns.Ofthese,81werejustifiedaspreventiveactiontoavoidconflictescalationorthespreadofdisinformation.Between2012and2024,therewereover805casesofinternetshutdownsacrossIndia,outofwhicharound134shutdownsoccurredin2018alone.ReadmoreNote(s):India;2012to2024;*TillFebruary2024.Thesourcedefinesaninternetshutdownasagovernment-imposeddisablementofaccesstotheinternetasawholewithinaparticularlocalityorlocalitiesforanydurationoftime.

ReadmoreSource(s):SFLC.in;Varioussources(Mediareports,websites)NumberofinternetshutdownsacrossIndiaasofFebruary2024,bystateNumberofinternetshutdownsIndia2024,bystateNumberofshutdowns050100150200250300350400450500JammuandKashmirRajasthan433100Manipur45HaryanaUttarPradeshBiharWestBengalMaharashtraMeghalayaGujarat3733212017161110PunjabOdisha9ArunachalPradesh918Description:AsofFebruary2024,therewereatotal433internetshutdownsintheregionofJammuandKashmirof805overall.ThewesternstateofRajasthancamesecondwith100internetblackoutsimposed.Overall,thesouthernstatesshowedamorerestrainedapproachtowardsinternetshutdownscomparedtotherestofthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):India;asofFebruary26,2024Source(s):SFLC.in;Varioussources(Mediareports,websites)NumberofinternetshutdownsacrossJammuandKashmirinIndiafrom2012to2024NumberofinternetshutdownsinJammuKashmir2012-202414012010080116796560554340322014105553102012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024*19Description:Theconflict-riddenregionofJammuandKashmirinIndiasaw14internetshutdownsin2023.In2021,thisnumberwas79.Since2012,theregionhasbeensubjectto433internetshutdowns,highestinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):India;2012to2024;*TillFebruary2024.Thesourcedefinesaninternetshutdownasagovernment-imposeddisablementofaccesstotheinternetasawholewithinaparticularlocalityorlocalitiesforanydurationoftime.

ReadmoreSource(s):SFLC.in;Varioussources(Mediareports,websites)Numberofinternetshutdownslastingover72hoursacrossIndiafrom2015to2024NumberofinternetshutdownslastingoverthreedaysIndia2015-20244540353039252120151076644503322015201620172018201920202021202220232024*20Description:AsofFebruary2024,Indiaexperiencedfourinstancesofinternetshutdownsthatlastedoverthreedays.Infact,thesouthAsiancountrycreatedhistorybyimposingthelongestrunninginternetshutdownatover197days.ThecompleteinternetblackoutinJammuandKashmirinIndiawasimposedonAugust4,2019andwasonlypartiallyliftedincertainpartsoftheregiononDecember27,2019.ReadmoreNote(s):India;2015to2024;*TillFebruary2024.Thesourcedefinesaninternetshutdownasagovernment-imposeddisablementofaccesstotheInternetasawholewithinaparticularlocalityorlocalitiesforanydurationoftime.

ReadmoreSource(s):SFLC.in;Varioussources(Mediareports,secondarysources)CHAPTER

04SocialmediaworldwideversusIndiaNumberofgovernmentandcourtrequestsforcontentremovalfromGooglein1sthalfof2023,bycountryGovernmentrequestsforcontentremovalfromGoogleH12023Governmentcontentremovalrequestspercountry20,000

30,000

40,000010,00050,00060,00070,000RussiaSouthKoreaTaiwan59,89313,89010,104IndiaBrazilTurkeyBangladeshFrance2,1911,5911,258800583483395370359293PakistanGermanyVietnamUnitedStatesUnitedKingdom22Description:Russiawasbyfarthemostprolificcontentremovalrequesterinthefirsthalfof2023.Duringthemostrecentlyreportedperiod,lawenforcementandgovernmentagenciesinRussiasubmitted59,893dataremovalrequeststoGoogle.SouthKorearankedsecond,with13,890requests,whileTaiwanfollowed,with10,104governmentcontentremovalrequests.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;H12023Source(s):GoogleNumberofvideosremovedfromYouTubeworldwideduring3rdquarter2023,bycountryNumberofvideosremovedfromYouTubeworldwideQ32023,bycountryNumberofremovedvideos0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,0002,500,0002,264,617IndiaUnitedStatesSingaporeRussia946,424644,475550,674463,600386,931293,078219,263164,446106,620IndonesiaBrazilPakistanGermanyBangladeshJapan23Description:IndiaaccountedforovertwomillionvideosthatwereremovedbyYouTubeduringthethirdquarterof2023.IPaddressesfromtheUnitedStatesgeneratedapproximately950thousandvideosthatwereremovedduringthatperiod.Themajorityofvideoswereremovedonthebasisofautomatedflagging.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q32023;country/regionisbasedonIPaddressattimeofvideouploadSource(s):GoogleNumberofuserdatarequestsissuedtoFacebookbyfederalagenciesandgovernmentsduring1sthalf2023,bycountryFacebookuserdatarequestsfromfederalagencies&governmentsH12023,bycountryNumberofdatarequestsUnitedStatesIndia73,95670,612BrazilGermanyFrance23,81020,74112,0229,787UnitedKingdomPoland6,9104,712MexicoTurkey4,2884,058ArgentinaTaiwan3,477Canada3,139Spain2,93524Description:Inthefirsthalfof2023,Facebookreceived73,956requestsfromlawenforcementagenciesforuserinformationfromtheUnitedStates.Indiarankedsecond,with70thousanduserdatarequests,followedbyBrazil,withapproximately24thousandrequests.Duringthemeasuredperiod,atotalof272thousandrequestsweresubmittedtothesocialnetwork.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;H12023;GovernmentandfederalagencyrequestsfordataSource(s):MetaPlatformsAwarenessofinternetusersworldwideoftheircountry'sprivacylawsasofJune2023,bycountryAwarenessoflocalprivacylawsamongonlineusers2023,bycountryShareofinternetusers30%

40%0%10%20%50%60%70%67%80%IndiaUnitedKingdomItaly63%55%China52%Spain47%France43%42%BrazilGermanyJapan35%31%AustraliaAverage26%46%25Description:AsofJune2023,67percentofinternetusersinIndiawereawareofthecountry'sprivacylaw,thedraftPersonalDataProtectionBill,thusleadingamongrespondentsfromothercountries.InternetusersfromtheUnitedKingdom(UK)rankedsecondregardingprivacylawsawareness,withroughly63percent.Italyfollowed,with55percentoftherespondentsstatingtheyknewoftheGeneralDataProtectionRegulation(GDPR).Onaverage,46percentofrespondentsacrossallsurveyed[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;June2023;2,600respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):CiscoSystemsCHAPTER

05ContentrestrictionsNumberofgovernmentissuedorderstoblockwebsitesinIndiafrom2013to2023NumberofwebsiteblockingordersbygovernmentIndia2013to20238,0007,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0006,9546,775620201320222023*27Description:Inthedecadespanning2013to2023,thenumberofwebsite-blockingordersissuedbythegovernmentofIndiahadgrownahundredfold.AsofOctober2023,thegovernmenthadissued6,954orderstoblockwebsitesincludingsocialmediaandotheronlinecontent.ReadmoreNote(s):India;2013to2023;*AsofOctober2023ReadmoreSource(s):TheHindu;Varioussources(RTIresponse)AppslinkedtoChinablockedbythegovernmentinIndiabetween2021and2023,bytypeChineseappsblockedbygovernmentIndia2021-2023,bytype45040040035030025020015010050138940Gaming,photoediting,webbrowser,etc.GamblingandbettingQuick-loanprovidingapps28Description:Between2021and2023,theIndiangovernmentblockedabout400Chineseappsthatincludedgames,photoeditors,andwebbrowsers.Another200orsoappswithallegedlinkstoChinawerealsoblockedin2023,amajorityofwhichwereoffshoregamblingandbettingplatforms.Thiswasattributedtothecountry'sdeterioratingrelationswithChinaovertheborderconflictandabanimposedbythegovernmentonChineseproductsandservicesin2020.

ReadmoreNote(s):India;2021to2023Source(s):TheEconomicTimesNumberofgovernmentandcourtrequestsforcontentremovalfromGoogleIndiafrom1sthalfof2010to1sthalfof2023GovernmentrequestsforcontentremovalfromGoogleIndia2010-20232,5002,0001,5002,3112,2902,1912,1151,3321,2841,1901,0749901,0005000906890H1760H2466H1332H2295H1243H1227H18430H1H1H2H1H2H1H2H1H2H1H2H12010

2012

2014

2015

2016

2016

2017

2017

2018

2018

2019

2019

2020

2020

2021

2021

2022

2022

202329Description:TheIndiangovernmentmadeabout2.2thousandcontentremovalrequestsfromGoogleduringthesecondhalfoftheyear2023,anincreasecomparedtothesameperiodinthepreviousyear.Themostcommonlycitedreasonsforthiswereimpersonationfollowedbydefamation.Inthepastcoupleofyears,thenumberofcontentremovalrequestsaddressedbyIndiatoGooglehavespiked.

ReadmoreNote(s):India;H12010toH12023Source(s):GoogleGovernmentandcourtrequestsforcontentremovalfromGoogleIndiafromJulytoDecember2023,byproductContentremovalrequestsfromgovernmentfromGoogleIndiaH22023,byproduct1,0009249008007006005004003002001000337243173YouTubeAllothersWebsearchGooglePlayApps30Description:BetweenJulyandDecember2023,mostcontentremovalrequeststoGooglemadebytheIndiangovernmentpertainedtotheonlinevideoplatform,YouTube.GooglePlayAppssawfewerrequestscomparedtothepreviousyear.Overall,over1.6thousandrequestswerereportedduringthistimeperiod.ReadmoreNote(s):India;JulytoDecember2023Source(s):GoogleNumberofgovernmentandcourtrequestsforcontentremovalfromFacebookIndiafrom1sthalfof2016to1sthalfof2023(in1000s)Governmentre