廣東省大灣區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下二模聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省大灣區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下二模聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AInthisissue,weofferupasmalltasteofavastandattractiveculinary(烹飪的)region—fromclassicdishesandtreasuredinstitutionstopioneeringchefsandnewdirections.Hereiswhatsomeofthecontributorswanttosaytoyou.PatrickHanlonAlthoughthereisalotofseaweedaroundIreland’scoast,itwasn’talwaysliked.However,it’snowbecomingincreasinglypopularasakeypartintraditionalIrishfood.ThedishIenjoyedwhilelookingoutovertheAtlanticinConnemaraperfectlyshowedhowpopularseaweedhasbecomelately.CONNEMARA,P8MikeJordanI’matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntsville,Alabama,andnowbasedinAtlanta.IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.SOUTHERNSTATES,P48SianMeadesWilliamsWhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.They’reworkinghardtomakerealchangeintheindustry,andtheirlovefortheisland,itsproduceandtheircommunityrunsthrougheverythingtheydo.SANTORINI,P66CeciliaHae-JinLeeTheculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P761.WhowritesaboutthecuisineoftheSouthernstates?A.PatrickHanlon. B.MikeJordan.C.SianMeadesWilliams. D.CeciliaHae-JinLee.2.WhatimpressedSianMeadesWilliamsduringhervisittoSantorini?A.Thediversityofcultures. B.Thelocaldessertwine.C.Thepopularityofseaweed. D.Thefemalewinemakers.3.OnwhichpagecanwereadaboutKorea’sculinaryhistory?A.P8. B.P48. C.P66. D.P76.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要列舉了四名撰稿人對(duì)于各地美食的介紹?！即鸢浮?.B2.D3.D【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.(我喜歡與MashamaBailey和RodneyScott等杰出的南方廚師交談，他們代表了該地區(qū)令人難以置信的多樣性和獨(dú)特的文化，并通過(guò)他們的烹飪講述了新的故事)”可知，邁克·喬丹寫(xiě)的是南方各州的美食。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.(當(dāng)我去圣托里尼島尋找更多關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)靥瘘c(diǎn)酒vinsanto的信息時(shí)，給我留下深刻印象的是那些強(qiáng)大的女性釀酒師)”可知，希恩·米德斯·威廉姆斯在圣托里尼島旅行時(shí)，女釀酒師給她留下了深刻的印象。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P76(任何國(guó)家的烹飪歷史都充滿(mǎn)了深度和驚喜。分享拌飯的故事只揭示了我的祖國(guó)韓國(guó)美麗而動(dòng)蕩的歷史的一小部分，這里有起伏的鄉(xiāng)村、引人注目的山脈和飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的漁船。石鍋拌飯，第76頁(yè))”可知，第76頁(yè)我們可以讀到韓國(guó)的烹飪歷史。故選D。BAmericanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.Soweask:Whatwouldwewanttodoifwewereathomewithnothingtodo?WatchTV,ofcourse.DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.WhilesomeanimalbehavioristsadvocatefortheuseoftoysandpuzzlesinsteadofTV,othersbelievethatcertaintypesofprogrammingcanbebeneficialwhenthereisnothingelsegoingon.ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.Asforwhetherdogsactuallyenjoytelevisionorifwearesimplyfindingcomfortinprovidingthemwiththisveryhumanformofentertainment,thatremainsanopenquestion.4.Whoismostlikelytobetheauthorofthisarticle?A.Adogowner. B.Amobilesubscriber.C.Ananimalbehaviorist. D.AnAmericanmarketer.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Americanslikedogsbest. B.Thepetmarketisgrowing.C.Dogscosttheirownersalot. D.DogTVisgainingpopularity.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howdogs’needsaremet. B.WhyDogTVwascreated.C.Whatworriespetowners. D.Whofoundedthechannel.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningSageRandall?A.Tocomparedifferentwaysoftreatingdogs. B.Toexplaindogs’fondnessforwatchingTV.C.Toillustratetheattitudeofsomepetowners. D.Toshowtheeffectoftechnologyonanimals.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了隨著美國(guó)養(yǎng)狗的人越來(lái)越多，狗狗頻道DogTV開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)?！即鸢浮?.A5.D6.B7.C【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.(在疫情期間，美國(guó)人收養(yǎng)狗的數(shù)量創(chuàng)歷史新高，我們真的不喜歡把新的家庭成員獨(dú)自留在家里。我們擔(dān)心它們會(huì)很孤獨(dú)，或者更糟，會(huì)咬家具)”可知，文章的作者是養(yǎng)狗的人。故選A。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.(狗狗頻道DogTV自2012年起在美國(guó)開(kāi)播。上個(gè)月，它擴(kuò)展到英國(guó)、澳大利亞和新西蘭的狗狗，現(xiàn)在在14個(gè)國(guó)家都可以買(mǎi)到。不出所料，該頻道80%以上的訂戶(hù)是美國(guó)人，他們構(gòu)成了世界上最大的寵物市場(chǎng))”可知，DogTV越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.(據(jù)DogTV的創(chuàng)始人羅恩·列維說(shuō)，寵物主人中有大量的分離焦慮。DogTV的創(chuàng)建是為了提供感官和視覺(jué)刺激，可以幫助減少這種焦慮。利瓦伊在2006年想到了這個(gè)頻道的想法，當(dāng)時(shí)他意識(shí)到狗是高度群居的動(dòng)物，經(jīng)常在獨(dú)自在家時(shí)掙扎。因此，他決定關(guān)注他們的需求)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是為什么創(chuàng)建DogTV。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.(對(duì)于像SageRandall這樣的寵物主人來(lái)說(shuō)，她在2020年養(yǎng)了一只名叫胡蘿卜蛋糕的新狗，以便在家工作時(shí)陪伴她，把寵物獨(dú)自留下的內(nèi)疚感可能很棒。當(dāng)一個(gè)朋友建議她訂閱狗狗頻道DogTV時(shí)，她笑了起來(lái)，她認(rèn)為想象一只狗真的坐著看電視真是太瘋狂了。然而，她試了一下，震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)胡蘿卜蛋糕很喜歡看不同的景象，也很喜歡看其他狗狗玩耍。雖然DogTV可能不是每個(gè)寵物主人的完美解決方案，但它提供了一個(gè)有趣的視角，看看科技是如何被用來(lái)滿(mǎn)足狗的需求的)”可知，作者提到SageRandall的目的是說(shuō)明一些寵物主人的態(tài)度。故選C。CYes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Involvinghundredsofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelytorecommendacceptancewhenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone.TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.Thepaperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith’sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,anothermentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwithnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthepaper,Smith’sfameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith’sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview,whilethefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInoua’sname.Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationanddata-supportedconclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%ofreviewers,morethandoublethepercentagefortheversioncreditedonlytoInoua.Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.8.Whatdoestheterm“theMattheweffect”refertoaccordingtothispassage?A.Atopicofpublicconcern. B.Apreferenceinpublication.C.Adocumentdescribingcoins. D.Awaytogetpapersaccepted.9.WhydidtheteamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?A.Toreviewaneconomicspaper. B.Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.C.Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect. D.Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.10.Whatarepresentedinparagraphs3and4?A.Datareceptionandrelease. B.Paperdescriptionandscores.C.Researchmethodsandfindings. D.Authors’identitiesandresponses.11.Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?A.Revisingthereviewmethod. B.Readingtheonlinepreprint.C.Assessingdifferentworks. D.Addingnewinformation.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)界中馬太效應(yīng)的一個(gè)實(shí)證研究，該效應(yīng)描述了在科學(xué)研究中對(duì)著名作者存在的偏見(jiàn)，以及這種偏見(jiàn)對(duì)論文發(fā)表機(jī)會(huì)的影響并提出了減少這種偏見(jiàn)的可能方法?！即鸢浮?.B9.C10.C11.A【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述這種偏見(jiàn)，多年來(lái)一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話(huà)題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見(jiàn)的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，來(lái)自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究。)”可知，“馬太效應(yīng)”被描述為“對(duì)著名作者的偏見(jiàn)”和“基于作者身份對(duì)相同作品的不同評(píng)價(jià)”。它用來(lái)描述審稿人在接受與著名作者相關(guān)的論文時(shí)，相比于鮮為人知的作者，所表現(xiàn)出的偏見(jiàn)。這清楚地表明，它指的是出版過(guò)程中的偏好或偏見(jiàn)。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)描述這種偏見(jiàn)，多年來(lái)一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話(huà)題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見(jiàn)的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機(jī)化。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，來(lái)自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究。)”可知，該團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)廣泛的研究是為了深入調(diào)查這一效應(yīng)，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地回顧一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文、找先前研究的錯(cuò)誤或研究如何發(fā)布論文。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)向大約3300名研究人員發(fā)送了電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他們?yōu)橐环菡嬲钠诳瘜忛喴黄?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文。)”、第四段“Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.(為了進(jìn)一步避免偏見(jiàn)，研究小組隨機(jī)分配了313名最初沒(méi)有收到作者姓名的審稿人，讓他們分別審查三篇論文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一個(gè)人的論文，另一篇是Inoua一個(gè)人的論文，還有一篇沒(méi)有作者的論文。)”可知，在這兩段中，首先介紹了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)使用的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，即他們模擬了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域論文的同行評(píng)審過(guò)程，并詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體步驟。接著，在第4段中，他們呈現(xiàn)了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即論文的作者身份確實(shí)對(duì)審稿人的評(píng)分有顯著影響，這進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了“馬太效應(yīng)”的存在。因此，這兩段主要介紹了研究方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)警告說(shuō)，不要根據(jù)作者的身份對(duì)相同的作品進(jìn)行不同的評(píng)估，并建議雙盲評(píng)審可能會(huì)減少偏見(jiàn)。然而，這種方法可能并不有效，因?yàn)閷徃迦送ǔ？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)預(yù)印本或會(huì)議演講來(lái)識(shí)別作者。)”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為減少偏見(jiàn)的唯一方法是修改評(píng)審方法。因此，團(tuán)隊(duì)建議的是修訂評(píng)審方法以減少偏見(jiàn)。故選A。DCities,oftenseenasecologicalwastelands,actuallyhavethepotentialtoproduceexceptionalbiologists.Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機(jī)).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruralcounterparts:theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven“smarter”becausetheybalancemorerisks,suchasexposuretoroads,poisonouschemicalsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards,ofcourse,likeinhabitableparksandhuman-providedfood.Ashumanresidentsofcities,wetooadapttotherisksandchallengesofurbanliving.Thisadaptationsharpensourintuition(直覺(jué))—welearnwhichstreetstoavoidandlockourdoorsforsafety.Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.Mostoftheworld’spopulationnowaccessesgreenandbluespaces,aswellaswildlife,withinurbanneighborhoods.Natureisnolongeronlyuntouchedwilderness;itincludessoundsofhumanlaughter,trashtrucksandfirealarms.Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.12.WhatdidgrowingupinPhiladelphiateachtheauthor?A.Philadelphiaisuniquelyrichinwildlife.B.Studyingbiologyatschoolhelpsgreatly.C.Urbanwildcreaturesneedprotectiontoo.D.Citiesarefarfromecologicalwastelands.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A.Similarspecies. B.Potentialenemies.C.Naturalresources. D.Qualifiedbiologists.14.Whatexperienceshelpurbanresidentsunderstandwildlifebetter?A.Eco-friendlyhabits. B.Risk-awarebehaviors.C.Ill-informedchoices. D.Fast-pacedurbanlife.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.CitiesBuildBetterBiologists B.WhatMakesSmarterResidents?C.UrbanAreasEncourageWildlife D.WhoSavesEcologicalWastelands?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了一個(gè)來(lái)自城市的生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為城市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野外的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一樣值得研究，并且期待未來(lái)能有更多來(lái)自城市環(huán)境的生物學(xué)家一起創(chuàng)造生態(tài)學(xué)的未來(lái)。〖答案〗12.D13.A14.B15.A【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來(lái)自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家。)”和第二段“Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機(jī)).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.(以我自己為例。在費(fèi)城長(zhǎng)大讓我有了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的角度來(lái)看待城市生態(tài)。這座城市分明的季節(jié)、豐富的松鼠、排屋和節(jié)日是我的第一個(gè)生態(tài)課堂。在那里，我親眼目睹了野貓吃鳥(niǎo)和老鼠，人們把蝙蝠從家里趕出去，蛇被割草機(jī)殺死。這就是生態(tài)學(xué)的作用，就像在田野和森林里觀(guān)察到的一樣真實(shí)。)”可知，在費(fèi)城長(zhǎng)大教會(huì)作者城市并非生態(tài)荒地。故選D。【13題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviors(城市地區(qū)獨(dú)特的環(huán)境促使野生動(dòng)物發(fā)展出獨(dú)特的特征和行為)”和下文“theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities(它們可能體型較大，在一天中的不同時(shí)間活動(dòng)，動(dòng)作不同，甚至表現(xiàn)出不同的個(gè)性)”可推斷，這讓它們與農(nóng)村的野生動(dòng)物區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，因此推斷劃線(xiàn)詞與A項(xiàng)“相似物種”意思相近，故選A。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.(我們?cè)u(píng)估威脅的能力和安全意識(shí)會(huì)影響我們的行為和選擇，就像它們對(duì)城市野生動(dòng)物的影響一樣。這些共同的經(jīng)歷使我們能夠更好地理解和欣賞城市野生動(dòng)物。)”可知，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)行為有助于城市居民更好地了解野生動(dòng)物。故選B。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來(lái)自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家。)”和最后一段“Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.(我們城市居民足智多謀，想象力豐富。我們需要更多的能力、更多的參與、更多的精力和更多的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，以創(chuàng)造應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境退化和減少生物多樣性喪失的解決方案。在各個(gè)城市尋找這樣的人才是一種實(shí)用的方法。)”可知，文章首尾呼應(yīng)，點(diǎn)明主題——城市可以培養(yǎng)出更好的生物學(xué)家。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.____16____.WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?____17____.Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.Thebestmarathontrainingplanistheonethatsuitsyourneedsandpreferences.____18____?Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.Typically,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe16-to20-weekrange.WhatifImisstrainingtime?It’simportanttosticktoyourtrainingplaninordertorunyourbestrace.However,noone’strainingisperfect.Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.____19____.Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult.Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.____20____.Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.Finally,don’tforgetaboutfuelingduringtrainingandracing,aswellaswhattowearonraceday.Withtherighttrainingplan,preparation,andattentiontothesedetails,you’llbewell-equippedtorunyourbestraceyet—whetherit’syourfirstor50th!A.TrainingplansvaryforeachrunnerB.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathonC.HowdoIdeterminemymarathongoalsD.Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossibleE.It’sbettertoskipafewdaystoallowyourbodytorestF.TakeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossibleG.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題和建議?！即鸢浮?6.G17.A18.B19.F20.D【16題詳析】上文“Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.(春季馬拉松即將來(lái)臨，我們將幫助您準(zhǔn)備迎接起跑線(xiàn))”表明作者要幫助讀者準(zhǔn)備春季馬拉松，下文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(應(yīng)該使用什么訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃？)”說(shuō)明讀者在準(zhǔn)備馬拉松比賽中的一個(gè)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題，G選項(xiàng)“本指南解答了關(guān)于馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題”承接上文，引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳析】上文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(應(yīng)該使用什么訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃？)”表明本段要回答的問(wèn)題，下文“Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.(有些人喜歡每周六天高里程的跑步，而另一些人更喜歡強(qiáng)度較低的計(jì)劃，從而進(jìn)行更多交叉訓(xùn)練并減少跑步天數(shù))”,選項(xiàng)A“每位跑步者的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃各不相同”回答上文問(wèn)題，引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。【18題詳析】下文“Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.(你的馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的持續(xù)時(shí)間取決于你的經(jīng)驗(yàn)水平、當(dāng)前的健康狀況以及你正在遵循的專(zhuān)家或權(quán)威)”表明馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的持續(xù)時(shí)間取決于個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)水平、當(dāng)前的健康狀況以及正在遵循的專(zhuān)家或權(quán)威，是對(duì)選項(xiàng)B“馬拉松訓(xùn)練應(yīng)該持續(xù)多久？”這一問(wèn)題的回答，故選B?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.(如果因生活事件或意外情況錯(cuò)過(guò)了一些訓(xùn)練，不要擔(dān)心)”可知，如果因生活事件或意外情況錯(cuò)過(guò)了一些訓(xùn)練，不要擔(dān)心，選項(xiàng)F“深呼吸，盡快恢復(fù)正常訓(xùn)練”承接上文，和上文一起回答“WhatifImisstrainingtime?(如果錯(cuò)過(guò)了訓(xùn)練時(shí)間怎么辦？)”這一問(wèn)題。故選F?！?0題詳析】上文“Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.(在任何成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，都會(huì)有一定程度的不適，這是正常的)”表明在任何成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中，都會(huì)有一定程度的不適，這是正常的，下文“Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.(如果真的感覺(jué)訓(xùn)練不能完成，考慮調(diào)整你的計(jì)劃或?qū)で蠼?jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的跑步者或教練的建議)”說(shuō)明真的感覺(jué)訓(xùn)練不能完成，考慮調(diào)整計(jì)劃或?qū)で蠼?jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的跑步者或教練的建議，選項(xiàng)D“Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossible(但你的訓(xùn)練不應(yīng)該感覺(jué)不可能完成)”與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文的解決辦法，和上下文一起回答“Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?(如果訓(xùn)練感到困難怎么辦？)”。故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。It’sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)____21____withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew____22____ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI____23____someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She____24____offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy____25____one,andIgratefullyacceptedher____26____.WhenIwenttoJudith’shouseto____27____thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould____28____herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt____29____tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe____30____.Judith,whoisalsoa____31____andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly____32____tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo____33____showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly____34____fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed____35____,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.21.A.date B.drink C.argument D.conversation22.A.jobs B.rules C.challenges D.wishes23.A.funded B.sold C.created D.studied24.A.kindly B.proudly C.jokingly D.calmly25.A.hanging B.struggling C.hand-made D.solar-powered26.A.offer B.claim C.decision D.donation27.A.lookfor B.pickup C.throwoff D.putaway28.A.forgive B.thank C.interview D.accompany29.A.honored B.prepared C.relaxed D.qualified30.A.checkin B.accident C.operation D.examination31.A.patient B.doctor C.cleaner D.caregiver32.A.needs B.expects C.deserves D.continues33.A.nurses B.elders C.visitors D.strangers34.A.sorry B.grateful C.responsible D.famous35.A.advice B.assistance C.information D.guidance【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在醫(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者的時(shí)候遇到了護(hù)士朱迪思，兩人在生活上互相幫助，讓作者意識(shí)到兩個(gè)陌生人對(duì)彼此表現(xiàn)善意的一個(gè)很好的例子。〖答案〗21.D22.C23.C24.A25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.C33.D34.B35.B【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中，我與那里的一位護(hù)士進(jìn)行了一次交談。A.date日期；B.drink飲料；C.argument爭(zhēng)論；D.conversation對(duì)話(huà)。根據(jù)后文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我們討論了我的右腿在一次嚴(yán)重的跌倒后遇到的一些問(wèn)題)”可知，作者和護(hù)士進(jìn)行了交談。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑戰(zhàn)如何讓我不得不做出一些個(gè)人改變，所以我在家里做了一些項(xiàng)目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥(niǎo)，這時(shí)朱迪思轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，禮貌地自我介紹。A.jobs工作；B.rules規(guī)則；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.wishes希望。根據(jù)上文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我們討論了我的右腿在一次嚴(yán)重的跌倒后遇到的一些問(wèn)題)”可知，作者摔倒腿受了傷，即面臨新挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑戰(zhàn)如何讓我不得不做出一些個(gè)人改變，所以我在家里做了一些項(xiàng)目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥(niǎo)，這時(shí)朱迪思轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，禮貌地自我介紹。A.funded資助；B.sold出售；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.studied學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后文“someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds”指作者在家創(chuàng)造了一些項(xiàng)目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥(niǎo)，故選C?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個(gè)嶄新的鳥(niǎo)籠來(lái)代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥(niǎo)籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.kindly善良地；B.proudly驕傲地；C.jokingly開(kāi)玩笑地；D.calmly平靜地。根據(jù)后文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplace”指護(hù)士好心地給作者提供了一個(gè)新鳥(niǎo)籠。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個(gè)嶄新的鳥(niǎo)籠來(lái)代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥(niǎo)籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.hanging懸掛著的；B.struggling艱難奮斗的；C.hand-made手工制造的；D.solar-powered太陽(yáng)能的。根據(jù)上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy”提供新鳥(niǎo)籠是因?yàn)橹暗镍B(niǎo)籠舊了，苦苦掙扎。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞名詞辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個(gè)嶄新的鳥(niǎo)籠來(lái)代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥(niǎo)籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.offer提議；B.claim聲稱(chēng)；C.decision決定；D.donation捐贈(zèng)。呼應(yīng)上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcage”指接受對(duì)方的提議。故選A。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去朱迪斯家取鳥(niǎo)籠時(shí)，她問(wèn)我是否可以陪她去做一個(gè)即將到來(lái)的手術(shù)，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有其他人可以依靠。A.lookfor尋找；B.pickup撿起；C.throwoff擺脫；D.putaway放好。根據(jù)后文“thebirdcage”去對(duì)方家里是為了取鳥(niǎo)籠。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去朱迪斯家取鳥(niǎo)籠時(shí)，她問(wèn)我是否可以陪她去做一個(gè)即將到來(lái)的手術(shù)，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有其他人可以依靠。A.forgive原諒；B.thank感謝；C.interview采訪(fǎng)；D.accompany陪伴。根據(jù)后文“herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon”可知，對(duì)方詢(xún)問(wèn)作者是否可以陪她去做一個(gè)即將到來(lái)的手術(shù)，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有其他人可以依靠。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。A.honored榮幸的；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；C.relaxed放松的；D.qualified取得資格的。根據(jù)后文“tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe”以及“tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect”可知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)方值得被善待和尊重，所以感到榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。故選A。【30題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。A.checkin報(bào)到；B.accident事故；C.operation手術(shù)；D.examination檢查。呼應(yīng)上文“foranupcomingsurgery”指手術(shù)后照顧對(duì)方。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來(lái)一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，她確實(shí)值得被善待和尊重。A.patient病人；B.doctor醫(yī)生；C.cleaner清潔工；D.caregiver護(hù)理人員。根據(jù)后文“hasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer”可知，朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來(lái)一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來(lái)一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，她確實(shí)值得被善待和尊重。A.needs需要；B.expects期待；C.deserves值得；D.continues繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“hasdevotedmanyyearstowor