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目錄2011年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2015年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2016年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2017年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2018年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.demographicstatistics【答案】人口統(tǒng)計2.stampduty【答案】印花稅3.simulationlaboratory【答案】仿真實驗室4.ozonelayer【答案】臭氧層5.functionalequivalence

【答案】功能對等6.gametheory【答案】博弈論7.warcorrespondent【答案】戰(zhàn)地記者8.jobintermediary【答案】職位中介9.Interlingualtranslation【答案】語際翻譯10.theconservationofenergy【答案】能量守恒11.InternationalProtocol

【答案】國際協(xié)定12.APEC【答案】亞太經(jīng)貿(mào)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)13.CPI【答案】消費(fèi)物價指數(shù)(ConsumerPriceIndex)14.Byzantineart【答案】拜占庭藝術(shù)15.powerpolitics【答案】強(qiáng)權(quán)政治Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.領(lǐng)土完整【答案】territorialintegrity

2.貿(mào)易技術(shù)壁壘【答案】technicalbarrierstotrade3.分期付款【答案】installment4.原油【答案】crudeoil5.房地產(chǎn)【答案】realestate6.反傾銷【答案】anti-dumping7.養(yǎng)老基金【答案】pensionfund8.記者招待會

【答案】pressconference9.急救站【答案】first-aidstation10.國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值【答案】GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)11.三維空間【答案】three-dimensionalspace12.前沿技術(shù)【答案】cutting-edgetechnology13.國際慣例【答案】internationalcommonpractice14.正當(dāng)權(quán)益

【答案】legitimateinterests15.勇于創(chuàng)新【答案】innovativeⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)ThefutureofEuropeappearslargelytodependtodayonceagain,forgoodorevil,whetherwelikeitornot,asitdidformanycenturies,onthefutureofGermany.Itisstill,asMadamedeStawrote,“theheartofEurope”.Destroyed,defensed,humiliated,arbitrarilyreshapedaccordingtoangryandfrightenedforeigners’punitiveideas,ithaslaboriouslyclimbedbacktothetop.Ithasbecomeonceagaintherichest,strongest,mostefficient,orderly,productive,scientificallyandtechnologicallyadvanced,aswellasthemostpopulousnationofWesternEurope.Inprosperousyears,itisthefirstup;inleanyears,thelastdown.Italyistootired,skeptical,unruly,andconfusedtocount.VictoriousGreatBritainhasseenitsarrogantpridefadeawayalongwithitswealth,power,andprestige.France,ofcourse,firmlyandloudlyproclaimsitselfNumberOne,buttoofirmlyandtooloudlyattimes.Itisthereforeonceagainessentialforeverybody,theFrench,theBritish,theItalians,theotherEuropeans,aswellastheAmericansandtheRussians,tokeepaneyeinordertofigureoutwhotheGermansare,whotheythinktheyare,whattheyaredoing,andwheretheywillgonext,wittinglyorunwittingly.This,ofcourse,wasalwaysimpossibletofathom.Howcanonetell?GermanyisaProteancountry.Aseverybodyknows,onlywhenonetied

downProteus(海神普羅特斯),thepropheticoldmanofthesea,couldonemakehimrevealtheshapeofthingstocome.Buthecouldn’tbepinneddowneasily;hecontinuedtochange.Hecouldbearoaringlion,aharmlesssheep,aslipperyserpent,achargingbull,orinturn,arock,atree,abrook,abonfire.【參考譯文】無論好壞,不管我們喜歡還是不喜歡,就像幾個世紀(jì)以來一樣,當(dāng)今歐洲的未來在很大程度上還是取決于德國的未來。正如德斯塔夫人寫道:“德國是歐洲的心臟。”被憤怒和恐懼的外國人懲罰,摧毀、抵制、羞辱、任意地重塑之后,它已經(jīng)艱難地爬回到頂端。她再次成為最富有,最強(qiáng)大,最有效率,有序,高產(chǎn),科學(xué)技術(shù)先進(jìn),也是西歐人口最多的國家。在繁榮的歲月里,它是第一個崛起的;在貧窮的年代,它是最后一個衰落的。意大利太累,多疑,不守規(guī)矩還很讓人不解。大不列顛帝國的傲慢以及它的財富、權(quán)力和威望逐漸消失。當(dāng)然,法國堅定地大聲宣布自己是第一,但是有時太過堅定和大聲了。因此,對于法國人,英國人,意大利人,其他歐洲人以及美國人和俄羅斯人來說,重要的是要刻意或不經(jīng)意地留意德國人是誰,他們認(rèn)為自己是誰,他們正在做什么以及接下來要去哪里。當(dāng)然,這總是無法理解的。人們怎么可能知道呢?德國是一個千變?nèi)f化的國家。眾所周知,只有當(dāng)一個人束縛了海神普羅特斯這位大海的預(yù)言家時,才能讓他揭示未來的形狀。但他不能輕易地被打??;他不斷改變。他可以是一只咆哮的獅子,一只無害的羊,一條滑溜的蛇,一頭有力的公牛,或者依次是一塊巖石,一棵樹,一條小溪和一堆篝火。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)

自然界的能量有許多不同的形式。熱能就是一種形式的能量。熱能有許多是來自太陽。森林大火也可以產(chǎn)生熱能,甚至一個動物溫暖的身體也可以產(chǎn)生少許的熱能。光能是能量的另一種形式,也是來自太陽和星星。一些動物甚至植物也可以產(chǎn)生少量的光能。無線電波和紫外線也是能量形式。另外,電能也是一種能量形式。我們在家里使用的很多能量來自電。地球上的大多數(shù)能量——風(fēng)、浪、熱、光——來自太陽,而太陽本身的能量是由核能產(chǎn)生的。有關(guān)能量的一些事情很難理解。宛若一位化妝師,能量不斷從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N形式,當(dāng)你自認(rèn)為了解它的時候,它突然變成了另一種完全不同的形式。但是有一點(diǎn)是肯定的:能量永遠(yuǎn)不會消失,同樣,它也不會無端地產(chǎn)生。過去,人們認(rèn)為能量和物質(zhì)是兩種完全不同的東西。現(xiàn)在我們知道,能量和物質(zhì)是可以轉(zhuǎn)換的。微量的物質(zhì)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為令人難以置信的巨大核能。太陽利用氫氣產(chǎn)生核能,但當(dāng)氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化為能量,其質(zhì)量也日益減少?!緟⒖甲g文】Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.Heatisaformofenergy.Alotofheatenergycomesfromthesun.Heatcanalsocomefromaforestfireor,inmuchsmallerquantities,fromthewarmbodyofananimal.Lightisanotherformofenergy.Italsocomesfromthesunandfromthestars.Someanimalsandevenplantsproducesmallamountsoflightenergy.Radiowavesandultravioletraysareotherformsofenergy.Thenthereiselectricity,whichisyetanothersortofenergy.Muchoftheenergyweuseathomecomesfromelectricity.Mostofthe

Earth’senergy—wind,waves,heatandlight—comesfromthesun.Thesunitselfispoweredbynuclearenergy.Therearesomethingsaboutenergythataredifficulttounderstand.Thefactthatitconstantlychangesfromonetoanothermakesenergyratherlikeadisguisedartist.Whenyouthinkyouknowwhatenergyis,suddenlyithaschangedintoatotallydifferentform.Butonethingiscertain:energyneverdisappearsand,equally,itneverappearsfromnowhere.Peopleusedtothinkthatenergyandmatterweretwocompletelydifferentthings.Wenowknowthatenergyandmatterareinterchangeable.Tinyamountsofmatterconvertintounbelievablyhugeamountsofnuclearenergy.Thesunproducesnuclearenergyfromhydrogengasand,daybyday,itsmassgetsless,asmatterisconvertedtoenergy.

2012年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.Back-translation(method)【答案】反譯法2.TropicsofCancer【答案】北回歸線3.Goldbachconjecture【答案】哥德巴赫猜想4.monopolisticpractice【答案】壟斷性做法5.non-ferrousmetals

【答案】有色金屬6.civilengineering【答案】土木工程7.massproduction【答案】大量生產(chǎn)8.carbonmonoxide【答案】一氧化碳9.purchaseorder【答案】訂購單10.acertifiedcheck【答案】保兌支票11.seedcapital【答案】原始資本

12.InternationalUnderwritingAssociation【答案】國際保險協(xié)會13.IOC【答案】國際奧林匹克委員會(InternationalOlympicCommittee)14.FDA【答案】食品及藥物管理局(FoodandDrugAdministration)15.WHO【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization)Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.抗震救災(zāi)【答案】earthquakerelief2.再生資源

【答案】renewableresources3.風(fēng)險資本【答案】venturecapital4.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)【答案】intellectualproperty5.最惠國【答案】mostfavorednations6.按揭貸款【答案】mortgageloans7.水土流失【答案】soilerosion8.生態(tài)危機(jī)

【答案】ecologicalcrisis9.人民團(tuán)體【答案】people’sorganization10.經(jīng)濟(jì)大國【答案】majoreconomy11.收購兼并【答案】mergerandacquisition12.互諒互讓【答案】mutualunderstandingandmutualaccommodation13.強(qiáng)國之路【答案】theroadtoapowerfulnation14.城鎮(zhèn)居民【答案】urbanresidents

15.貿(mào)易逆差【答案】tradedeficitⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)China’scurrentreputationforpowerbenefitsfromprojectionsaboutthefuture.SomeyoungChineseusetheseprojectionstodemandagreatershareofpowernow,andsomeAmericansurgepreparationforacomingconflictsimilartothatbetweenGermanyandBritainacenturyago.Oneshouldbeskepticalaboutsuchprojections.By1900,GermanyhadsurpassedBritaininindustrialpower,andtheKaiserwaspursuinganadventurousforeignpolicythatwasboundtobringaboutaclashwiththeothergreatpowers.Bycontrast,ChinastilllagsfarbehindtheUSeconomicallyandmilitarily,andhasfocuseditspoliciesprimarilyonitsregionandonitseconomicdevelopment.EvenifChinesegrossdomesticproductpassesthatoftheUSinabout2030(asGoldmanSachsprojects),thetwoeconomieswouldbeequivalentinsize,butnotequalincomposition.Chinawouldstillhaveavastunderdevelopedcountrysideanditwillbegintofacedemographicproblemsfromthedelayedeffectsofitsone-childpolicy.Moreover,ascountriesdevelop,thereisatendencyforgrowthratestoslow.AssumingChinesegrowthof6percentandAmericangrowthofonly2percentafter2030,ChinawouldnotequaltheUSinpercapitaincomeuntilsometimeinthesecondhalfofthecentury.

Percapitaincomeprovidesameasureofthesophisticationofaneconomy.WhileChina’simpressivegrowthratecombinedwiththesizeofitspopulationwillsurelyleadittopasstheUSeconomyintotalsize,thatisnotthesameasequality.AndsincetheUSisunlikelytobestandingstillduringthatperiod,ChinaisalongwayfromposingthekindofchallengetoAmericathattheKaiser’sGermanyposedwhenitpassedBritainatthestartofthelastcentury.Nonetheless,theriseofChinarecallsThucydides’(修昔得底斯)warningthatbeliefintheinevitabilityofconflictcanbecomeoneofitsmaincauses.【參考譯文】當(dāng)今中國“大國”之美譽(yù)得益于人們對其未來的預(yù)期。在這種預(yù)期下,中國的一些年輕人要求中國在國際舞臺分享更多權(quán)利,而一些美國人則敦促要預(yù)防一個世紀(jì)前英德沖突在中美身上再度重演。人們應(yīng)當(dāng)對這種預(yù)期保持懷疑。1900年時,德國工業(yè)已經(jīng)超越英國,同時德國皇帝奉行冒險的外交政策,這種外交政策必然導(dǎo)致與當(dāng)時的其他大國的沖突。相比之下,今天的中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事實力仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后與美國,并且其政策重心乃是側(cè)重在國內(nèi)事務(wù)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展上。即使中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能夠如高盛所預(yù)期在2030年超越美國,這兩個經(jīng)濟(jì)體也只是在規(guī)模上平起平坐,但經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成仍有所差距。屆時,中國國內(nèi)仍然會有眾多的不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),并且獨(dú)生子女政策的延緩效應(yīng)帶來的人口問題也會將顯現(xiàn)。并且隨著國家的發(fā)展,其增速會有放緩的效應(yīng)。假設(shè)中國屆時經(jīng)濟(jì)增速為6%,美國僅為2%,那么中國的人均收入在21世紀(jì)下半葉前仍不會超過美國。人均收入是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度的一個指標(biāo)。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長驚人,并擁有

龐大的人口,因此其經(jīng)濟(jì)總量必然會超過美國。但即便如此,這也并不意味著中國能與美國比肩。并且,在此期間美國也不會原地踏步,所以中國很難像20世紀(jì)初德國對英國那樣,對美國形成類似的挑戰(zhàn)。雖然如此,中國的崛起還是讓我們想起了修昔得底斯的警告——認(rèn)為沖突不可避免的想法反而會成為沖突的一個起因。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)為什么要保護(hù)方言?首先在于權(quán)利。任何一個小民族都有使用祖先傳遞給他們的語言的權(quán)利,因為,那幾乎是他們最重要的特征。其次,這種保護(hù)對其他人,對全人類都有好處。文化是儲藏和積淀在語言中。人類文化的多樣性儲藏在其多樣的語言中。一個強(qiáng)健的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)必然是多樣的,反過來這種多樣性又可以幫助它適應(yīng)和安度環(huán)境的變遷。正如同一個愚鈍的村婦寧愿犧牲一點(diǎn)便利,也會拒絕將她的全部雞蛋放在一個籃子里。中國的方言之多當(dāng)居世界之最。道理很簡單。廣大地域中的長期社會歷史生活必然形成多種語言。其特征是一個語種,諸多方言。各區(qū)域獨(dú)特的文化便儲藏在這無數(shù)支方言中。四川文化與四川方言,蘇州文化與蘇州方言,等等,都是交織在一起,互為表里,共存共榮的。如果有一天方言消失了,該地文化中的諸多內(nèi)容都將隨之流逝。【參考譯文】Whyshoulddialectsbeprotected?Firstly,theirrightisatstake.Everyminoritycommunityisentitledtousethelanguageithasinheritedfromitsancestors,becauseitisthesingularemblemofitsethnicidentity.Secondly,protectingspeciesisasconducivetowildlifeandmankindassafeguarding

dialectsistolanguages.Culturesarereposedandaccumulatedinlanguages.Culturaldiversityentailslinguisticdiversity.Asoundecosystemispredicatedondiversity,anddiversityofferstheecosystemalternativestoadaptitselftothechangingenvironmentinverymuchthesamewayasacountrywomanchoosesnottoputallhereggsinonesinglebasket,evenifitmakesthingsalittleinconvenientforher.NonationinthisworldboastsasmanydialectsasChina,forthesimplereasonthattheimmensesocialandhistoricalmetamorphosisonitsvastterritoryisboundtoyieldacornucopiaofdialects.Onecharacteristicisthepresenceofnumerousdialectsundertheframeworkofthesamewrittenlanguage.Thecultureanddialectofthatregioninteract,complement,andcannotdowithouteachotherforsurvivalanddevelopment.ThisisthecasewithSichuan,Suzhou,oranyotherlocalities.Ifadialectvanishessomeday,asubstantialpartofwhatiscontainedinthelocalculturewillbegonewithit.

2013年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.grainreserves【答案】糧食儲備2.FederalReservebank【答案】美國聯(lián)邦儲備銀行3.COD【答案】貨到付款(cashondelivery)4.foreignexchangereserve【答案】外匯儲備5.arbitrationcommission

【答案】仲裁委員會6.IMF【答案】國際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)7.OPEC【答案】石油輸出國家組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)8.inaugurationceremony【答案】就職儀式9.nenvironmentaldegradation【答案】環(huán)境退化10.portdues【答案】港口稅11.fundeddebt

【答案】長期債券12.dynamicequivalence【答案】動態(tài)對等13.legalinheritance【答案】法定繼承14.cosmopolitancity【答案】國際都市15.cashcrops【答案】經(jīng)濟(jì)作物Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.市場準(zhǔn)入【答案】marketaccess

2.自然保護(hù)區(qū)【答案】naturalreserve3.對口支援【答案】partnerassistance4.以人為本【答案】peopleoriented5.公務(wù)員【答案】civilservants6.自籌經(jīng)費(fèi)【答案】self-financing7.大眾傳媒【答案】massmedia8.上市公司

【答案】listedcompany9.風(fēng)險評估【答案】riskassessment10.政府采購【答案】governmentprocurement11.認(rèn)知能力【答案】cognitiveability12.剩余勞動力【答案】surpluslabor13.資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表【答案】balancesheet14.宏觀調(diào)控

【答案】macroeconomicregulationandcontrol15.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施【答案】infrastructureⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Weareinveteratespectators.Largefractionsofourlivesarespentwatchingpeopleacting,competing,working,performing,orjustsimplyrelaxing.Norisourinterestconfinedtothehumanspectacle.Wearecaptivatedby‘things’aswell:pictures,sculptures,photographsofpastexperiences--allhavethepowertocaptureourattention.And,ifwecan’twatchreallife,thenwearedrawnintothevirtualworldsofthecinema,televisionpictures,andvideos.Youmayevenfindyourselfreadingabook.Whilesomepeopleareskilledinthecreationofinterestingsightsandsounds,othersaretrainedobservers.Theyseekoutunusualsights,orregistereventsthatmostofuswouldnevernotice.Some,withthehelpofartificialsensors,delvedeeperandrangefartherthanourunaidedsensesallow.Outofthesesensationshasemergedembroideryofartisticactivitiesthatareuniquelyhuman.But,paradoxically,fromthesamesourcehasflowedasystematicstudyofNaturethatwecallscience.Theircommonoriginsmayseemsurprisingtomany,becauseagreatgulfseemstoliebetweenthem,shoredupbyoureducationalsystemsandprejudices.Thesciencespaintanimpersonalandobjectiveaccountoftheworld,deliberatelydevoidof“meaning”,tellingusabouttheoriginsandmechanicsoflife,byrevealingnothingofthejoys

andsorrowsofliving.Bycontrast,thecreativeartsencodetheantithesisofthescientificworld-view:anuntrammelledcelebrationofthathumansubjectivitythatdividesusfromthebeasts;auniqueexpressionofthehumanmindthatsetsitapartfromtheunfeelingwhirlofelectronsandgalaxiesthatscientistsassureusisthewayoftheworld.【參考譯文】我們生來就是看客,一生的大部分時間在看別人怎么做事,瞧著別人競爭、工作、表演,甚至看別人休閑。我們不僅對人感興趣,我們也對物感興趣,如:繪畫、雕塑以及能留住往昔的攝影,所有這些都吸引著我們的注意。對于那些無法觀察到的現(xiàn)實生活,我們則熱衷于轉(zhuǎn)向由電影、電視和錄像所營造的虛擬世界,甚至還會發(fā)覺自己沉湎于書本之中。有些人擅長于創(chuàng)造出引人入勝的視覺形象和聲音,有些人則善于觀察。他們搜尋奇特的景觀,或者記下大多數(shù)人從不經(jīng)意的事情。借助于儀器,人的感知可以比原先延伸得更深更遠(yuǎn)。從這些感知中產(chǎn)生了只有人類才有的藝術(shù)夸張。然而奇怪的是在同樣感知的基礎(chǔ)上又出現(xiàn)了人對大自然的系統(tǒng)研究,我們謂之科學(xué)。藝術(shù)和科學(xué)竟同宗同源也許會使許多人感到驚訝,因為我們的教育體制和偏見告訴我們,這兩者之間存在著巨大的鴻溝??茖W(xué)以客觀的語言描繪這個世界,故意隱去主觀的“意義”,只講生命起源與機(jī)制,不談人生的快樂與憂傷。相反,想象力豐富的藝術(shù)構(gòu)筑起科學(xué)世界觀的對立面:它無拘無束地贊頌人類主觀的一面,這正是人區(qū)別于動物之所在;它以獨(dú)特的方式表現(xiàn)精神世界;它完全不同于科學(xué)家們筆下的世界——毫無情感的電子回旋和銀河系。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)

如果說有一件事我可以斷言的話,那就是一百年后我們還要看報。我并不是說報紙是生活中必不可少的東西,就是現(xiàn)在也有人主要從電視上得到消息或在開車或做別的事時,讓收音機(jī)開著作為背景聲音。許多人只在周六和周日才買報紙看。但對于大多數(shù)人來說,看報已成了一種代代相傳的習(xí)慣。英國人的基本特性不會改變,而這特性之一就是,他們早晨剛起床時不太愿意與人說話。大清早若想給自己留一份清靜,還有什么比埋頭看報更好的辦法呢?人類與報紙建立了非常親密的關(guān)系,看報就像呼吸或沐浴陽光一樣自然。我想,人們在談到不同媒體之間的競爭時有理解上的錯誤。不同的媒體實際上是相互依賴、共同生存的。以前有人曾預(yù)言說電視會把報紙趕盡殺絕,可實際情況并非如此。印刷子在紙上的東西遠(yuǎn)比閃動在屏幕上的畫面或消失在空中的聲音更為持久。至于說到互聯(lián)網(wǎng),我可以這樣說:只在屏幕上閱覽絕不會給人以真正的滿足。【參考譯文】IfthereisonethingIcanassert,itisthatahundredyearslaterwehavetoreadthenewspaper.Iamnotsayingthatthenewspaperisanindispensablethinginlife,nowpeoplegetthemessagemainlyfromtheTVortheydrivethecarordosomethingelsewiththeradioonasabackgroundsound.ManypeopleonlybuynewspapersonSaturdaysandSundays.Butformostpeople,readingnewspapershasbecomeahabitpassingfromgenerationtogeneration.ThebasiccharacteroftheBritishwillnotchange,andoneofthefeaturesis

thattheydonotwanttotalkwithpeoplewhentheyjustgetupinthemorning.Ifyouwanttoleaveaquietplacetoyourselfearlyinthemorning,whatisabetterwaythanreadingthenewspaper?Humanandthenewspaperhaveestablishedaverycloserelationship,andreadingthenewspaperisasnaturalasbreathingorbathingthesun.Ithinkpeoplehavemisunderstandingswhentalkingaboutthecompetitionbetweendifferentmedia.Differentmediaareactuallyinterdependentandcoexistent.Someonehadpredictedthattelevisionwouldkillthenewspaperout,butthatwasnotthecase.Theprintedmatteronpaperlastsmuchlongerthantheflashingpictureonthescreenorthesoundthatdisappearsintheair.AsfortheInternet,Icansay:onlyreadingonthescreenwillnevergivepeoplearealsatisfaction.

2014年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.installmentplan【答案】分期付款方式2.videoondemand【答案】視頻點(diǎn)播3.anti-dumpingmeasures【答案】反傾銷措施4.customsdeclaration【答案】報關(guān)單5.demanddraft

【答案】即期匯票6.braindrain【答案】人才流失7.compulsoryeducation【答案】義務(wù)教育8.HubbleSpaceTelescope【答案】哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡9.IntellectualPropertyRight【答案】知識產(chǎn)權(quán)10.retailprice【答案】零售價11.tollgate【答案】收費(fèi)站

12.IvyLeague【答案】常春藤盟校13.tugofwar【答案】拔河比賽14.MomentinPeking【答案】《京華煙云》15.ISO【答案】國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織(InternationalStandardizationOrganization);國際科學(xué)組織(InternationalScienceOrganization)Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.公務(wù)員【答案】civilservants

2.自籌經(jīng)費(fèi)【答案】self-financing3.大眾傳媒【答案】massmedia4.三維空間【答案】three-dimensionalspace5.前沿技術(shù)【答案】cutting-edgetechnology6.國際慣例【答案】internationalcommonpractice7.正當(dāng)權(quán)益【答案】legitimateinterests8.勇于創(chuàng)新

【答案】innovative9.義務(wù)兵役制【答案】compulsoryservicesystem10.義務(wù)教育【答案】compulsoryeducation11.隱性失業(yè)【答案】recessiveunemployment12.應(yīng)試教育【答案】test-orientededucation13.影視文化【答案】screenculture14.硬通貨

【答案】hardcurrency15.應(yīng)急預(yù)案【答案】emergencyplanⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Personalitytestinghasgrownintoamajorindustryandisstandardprocedureinleadershipandmanagementcourses,aspartofjob-interviewprocesses,and,increasingly,incareercounseling.Butshouldwereallytrustsuchteststodeliverscientific,objectivetruth?Ihavesomebadnewsforyou:Eventhemostsophisticatedtestshaveconsiderableflaws.TaketheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI),theworld’smostpopularpsychometrictest,whichisbasedonJung’stheoryofpersonalitytypes.Overtwomillionareadministeredeveryyear.TheMBTIplacesyouinoneof16personalitytypes,basedondichotomouscategoriessuchaswhetheryouareanintrovertoranextrovert,orhaveadispositiontowardsbeinglogicaloremotional(whatitcalls“thinking”and“feeling”).Theinteresting—andsomewhatalarming—factabouttheMBTIisthat,despiteitspopularity,ithasbeensubjecttosustainedcriticismbyprofessionalpsychologistsforoverthreedecades.Oneproblemisthatitdisplayswhatstatisticianscalllow“test-retestreliability.”Soifyouretakethetestafteronlyafive-weekgap,there’sarounda50%chancethatyouwillfallintoadifferentpersonalitycategorycomparedtothefirsttimeyoutook

thetest.AsecondcriticismisthattheMBTImistakenlyassumesthatpersonalityfallsintomutuallyexclusivecategories.Youareeitheranextrovertoranintrovert,butneveramixofthetwo.Yetmostpeoplefallsomewhereinthemiddle,iftheMBTIalsomeasuredheight,youwouldbeclassifiedaseithertallorshort,eventhoughthemajorityofpeoplearewithinabandofmediumheight.Theconsequenceisthatthescoresoftwopeoplelabeled“introvert”and“extrovert”maybealmostexactlythesame,buttheycouldbeplacedintodifferentcategoriessincetheyfalloneithersideofanimaginarydividingline.【參考譯文】個性測試現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為一大產(chǎn)業(yè),是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和管理課程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序,它不僅是求職面試流程的組成部分,而且日益成為職業(yè)輔導(dǎo)不可或缺的內(nèi)容之一。但我們是否真的應(yīng)該相信這類測試能夠揭示出科學(xué)且客觀的真相?我有一些壞消息要告訴你:即使最復(fù)雜的測試也存在很大的缺陷。以邁爾斯-布里格斯類型指標(biāo)(簡稱MBTI)為例。這種世界上最流行的心理測試的原理是榮格的性格類型理論,它每年大約被應(yīng)用200多萬次。MBTI測試通過二分法類別——比如你是一位性格內(nèi)向者還是外向者,你的性情偏重于邏輯還是情緒(也就是它所稱的“思維”和“感覺”)——來判定一個人屬于16種性格類型的哪一種。關(guān)于MBTI測試有一個非常有趣,也有些令人擔(dān)憂的事實。那就是,盡

管這種測試非常流行,但30多年來,心理學(xué)家對它的批評從未終止過。一大問題是,它顯示出了一種被統(tǒng)計學(xué)家稱為低“重測可靠度”的現(xiàn)象。比如說,如果你僅隔5周,再接受一次這種測試的話,你被歸入一個不同于首次測試的性格類別的幾率大約在50%左右。第二種批評意見是,MBTI測試錯誤地假設(shè)一個人的性格歸屬于相互排斥的類別。你要么是一個性格外向者,要么是一個性格內(nèi)向者,但絕非兩者的某種混合。然而,大多數(shù)人恰恰介于兩者之間。要是MBTI也測量高度的話,你要么被列入“高大”,要么被列入“矮小”,盡管大多數(shù)人的個頭都在中等高度區(qū)間內(nèi)。結(jié)果是,兩個被標(biāo)為“內(nèi)向”和“外向”的人的測試分?jǐn)?shù)可能幾乎完全一樣,但由于他們分處一條假想邊界線的兩側(cè),他們或許會被歸入不同的性格類別。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)我從鄉(xiāng)下跑到京城里,轉(zhuǎn)眼已經(jīng)六年了。其間耳聞目睹的所謂國家大事,算起來也很不少;但在我心里,都不留什么痕跡,倘要我尋出這些事的影響來說,便只是增長了我的壞脾氣——老實說,便是教我一天比一天的看不起人。但有件小事,卻于我有意義,將我從壞脾氣里拖開,使我至今忘記不得。這是民國六年的冬天,大北風(fēng)刮得正猛,我因為生計關(guān)系,不得不一早在路上走。一路幾乎遇不見人,好容易才雇定了一輛人力車,教他拉到S門去。不一會,北風(fēng)小了,路上浮塵早已刮凈,剩下一條潔白的大道來,車夫也跑得更快。剛近S門,忽而車把上帶著一個人,慢慢地倒

了。跌倒的是一個女人,花白頭發(fā),衣服都很破爛。伊從馬路上突然向車前橫截過來;車夫已經(jīng)讓開道,但伊的破棉背心沒有上扣,微風(fēng)吹著,向外展開,所以終于兜著車把。幸而車夫早點(diǎn)兒停步,否則伊定要栽一個大斤斗,跌到頭破血了。這事到了現(xiàn)在,還是時時記起。我因此也時時煞了苦痛,努力的要想到我自己。幾年來的文治武力,在我早如幼小時候所讀過的“子日詩云”一般,背不上半句了。獨(dú)有這一件事,卻總是浮在我眼前,有時反更分明,教我慚愧,催我自新,并且增長我的勇氣和希望?!緟⒖甲g文】SixyearshaveslippedbysinceIcamefromthecountrytothecapital.Duringthattimethenumberofso-calledaffairsofstateIhavewitnessedorheardaboutisfarfromsmall,butnoneofthemmademuchimpression.Ifaskedtodefinetheirinfluenceonme,Icanonlysaytheymademybadtemperworse.Franklyspeaking,theytaughtmetotakeapoorerviewofpeopleeveryday.However,onesmallincidentwhichstruckmeassignificantandjoltedmeoutofmyirritability,remainsfixedevennowinmymemory.Itwasthewinterof1917,astrongnorthwindwasblustering,buttheexigenciesofearningmylivingforcedmetobeupandoutearly.Imetscarcelyasoulontheroad,buteventuallymanagedtohirearickshawtotakemetoS-Gate.Presentlythewinddroppedalittle,havingblownawaythedriftsofdustontheroadtoleaveacleanbroadhighway,andtherickshawmanquickenedhispace.WewerejustapproachingS-Gatewhenweknocked

intosomeonewhoslowlytoppledover.Itwasagrey-hairedwomaninraggedclothes.Shehadsteppedoutabruptlyfromtheroadsideinfrontofus,andalthoughtherickshawmanhadswerved,hertatteredpaddedwaistcoat,unbuttonedandbillowinginthewind,hadcaughtontheshaft.Luckilytherickshawmanhadsloweddown,otherwiseshewouldcertainlyhavehadabadfallanditmighthavebeenaseriousaccident.Evennow,thisincidentkeepscomingbacktome.Itkeepsdistressingmeandmakesmetrytothinkaboutmyself.ThepoliticsandthefightingofthoseyearshaveslippedmymindascompletelyastheclassicsIreadasachild.Yetthissmallincidentkeepscomingbacktome,oftenmorevividthaninactuallife,teachingmeshame,spurringmeontoreform,andimbuingmewithfreshcourageandfreshhope.

2015年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.foreignizingtranslation【答案】異化翻譯2.contextualconsistency【答案】語境一致3.WutheringHeights【答案】《呼嘯山莊》4.commencementceremony【答案】畢業(yè)典禮5.thinktank

【答案】智囊團(tuán)6.governmentprocurement【答案】政府采購7.inauguraladdress【答案】就職演說8.thein-thing【答案】流行事物9.GazaStrip【答案】加沙地帶10.SecurityCouncil【答案】聯(lián)合國安全理事會11.theDeclarationofIndependence【答案】《獨(dú)立宣言》

12.packedlikesardines【答案】擠得像沙丁魚罐頭一樣;形容十分擁擠13.overthecounter【答案】非處方藥14.FBI【答案】美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局(FederalBureauofInvestigation)15.PearlS.Buck【答案】賽珍珠Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.填鴨式教育【答案】crammingmethodofteaching2.《黑奴吁天錄》

【答案】UncleTom’sCabin3.脫產(chǎn)進(jìn)修【答案】blockrelease4.政府采購【答案】governmentprocurement5.應(yīng)試教育【答案】test-orientededucation6.文化底蘊(yùn)【答案】culturaldeposits7.正式員工【答案】regularemployee8.對外文化宣傳

【答案】internationalculturalpublicity9.以和為貴【答案】Harmonyisprecious10.小題大做【答案】makeafuss11.酒肉朋友【答案】fair-weatherfriends12.無期徒刑【答案】lifeimprisonment13.非正式會面【答案】informalget-togethersession14.定制公交【答案】customizedshuttlebus

15.單方面行動【答案】unilateralactionⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhy,yetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknowthatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

Then,lastofall,Idesiderateurbanity.Ibelievethisistherarestqualityintheworld.Indeed,itprobablydoesnotexistanywhere.Areallyurbanepersonamortalopen-mindedandaffabletoconvictionofhisownshortcomingsanderrors,andunguidedinanythingbyirrationalblindprejudices—couldnotbutinaworldofmenandwomenberegardedasamonster.【參考譯文】我們在這個世界上的處境是奇怪的:每個人,都是來做一次短暫的訪問,不知道是為了什么。不過有時似乎也會覺察到有某種目的。但是從平日的生活來看,有一件事情我們是很清楚的:我們是為別人而活,最重要的是為了這些人活:他們的笑容和幸福構(gòu)成了我們快樂的源泉。同時,我們活著還為了另外無數(shù)個不相識的生命,憐憫之心,將我們同他們的命運(yùn)聯(lián)系起來。每天,很多次,我都會意識到我的肉體生活和精神生活很大程度上是建立在那些活著的,和死去的人們的工作之上的,意識到我必須誠摯地、竭盡全力地努力去回報我所得到的東西。我經(jīng)常心緒不寧,感覺自己從別人的工作里承襲了太多,這種感覺讓我惴惴不安??傮w上在我看來,從客觀的角度,沒完沒了地思考自己為什么會存在,或者是生命有什么意義,是非常愚蠢的行為。不過,每個人都有一些理想,來指引著自己的抱負(fù)和辨別是非。始終在我面前閃耀著光芒,并且讓我充滿活著的喜悅的理想,是善、美和真理。對我來說,以舒適和享樂為目標(biāo)的生活從來沒有吸引力。以這些目標(biāo)為基礎(chǔ)建立起來的一套倫理觀點(diǎn)只能滿足一群牲畜的需要。最后我還祈求高雅。我認(rèn)為高雅乃世間最珍貴的品質(zhì)。其實然,高雅或許并不存在于現(xiàn)實之中。真正的高雅之士虛懷若谷,聞過則喜,不會被

非理性的盲目偏見所左右,而在這個被庸男俗女充斥的世界,這等高雅之士只能被視為怪物。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)作為一種以巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量為支撐的建筑物,摩天大樓常被民眾和政客視為展示經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、社會進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。有些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家則持完全相反的看法,認(rèn)為摩天大樓的出現(xiàn),特別是摩天大樓的紀(jì)錄被刷新,往往預(yù)示著經(jīng)濟(jì)即將衰退。摩天大樓與經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的關(guān)聯(lián)如此密切,很難用巧合來理解,那么究竟是什么原因讓經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)總是與摩天大樓如影隨形呢?首先,人性使然。人性當(dāng)中有盲目自信的面。具體體現(xiàn)在對客觀事物認(rèn)識不足,偏執(zhí)于對事物的主觀看法上。勞倫斯把他發(fā)現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)與摩天大樓的聯(lián)系稱為“百年病態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)”,但此類現(xiàn)象,在人類社會中又何止只存在了百年。以史為鑒,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),在我國歷史的長河中,此類現(xiàn)象早有體現(xiàn)。商朝興盛時,紂王興建造鹿臺,引得民怨四起最終于鹿臺自焚;清代鼎盛時,乾隆帝大舉修建園林,導(dǎo)致國力衰落最終喪權(quán)辱國。其次,利益推動。在商業(yè)行為中,逐利是前提條件。在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮之前,通常有一個低利率的過程。而在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的過程中,利率相對于人們對于未來收益的預(yù)期來說,一直都是低的。就像日有晝夜、季有冬夏一樣,經(jīng)濟(jì)也是存在景氣周期的。任何商品的價格,都會受到供需關(guān)系的影響,否極泰來,盛極而衰。【參考譯文】

Asabuildingupheldbyatremendouseconomicforce,theskyscraperisoftenviewedbythemassesandpoliticiansasasigndemonstratingeconomicprosperityandsocialadvancement.Butsomeeconomistsownthecompletelyoppositethoughts,whosupposethaterectingoftheskyscrapers,especiallybreakingtheirrecords,alwaysforeshowsthebefallingofrecessionontotheeconomy.Skyscraperhassuchacloserelationshipwiththeeconomiccrisis,whichitishardtointerpretwiththewordingofcoincidence.Thenwhatisthereasontomakebothgettogetherasshadowsforeachother?First,it’sthehumannaturethatmakesit.Insidethehumannatureexistsanaspectofblindconfidence,whichembodiesindetailinthedeficiencyofrecognitionfortheobjectivethingsandpartialityofthesubjectiveviewstowardsthethings.Lawrencecalledtheconnectionbetweeneconomiccrisisandskyscraperas“centurymorbidrelevancy”.Butasforthiskindofphenomenon,ithassustainedfarmorethanonlyonecenturyinthecommunityofhumanbeing.Mirroringfromhistory,wewillneverbediffi

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