2021-2022學年江蘇省百校大聯(lián)考高一上學期12月份階段檢測英語試卷（解析版）

2021-2022學年江蘇省百校大聯(lián)考高一上學期12月份階段檢測英語試卷(試卷滿分:150分,考試時間:120分鐘)注意事項:1.答題前,考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whichclubdoesthemanwanttojoin?A.TheFootballClub.B.TheReadingClub.C.TheBasketballClub.2.Whathasthemanfinished?A.Hismathhomework.B.Hishistorypaper.C.HisEnglishpaper.3.WhatisMartinbusydoing?A.Lookingforgoodnews.B.Readingabook.C.Writingabook.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Lonely.B.Excited.C.Happy.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabookstore.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Workmates.C.Familymembers.7.Wheredidtheboygo?A.Anoldfactory.B.Tom’shome.C.Hisbrother’sworkplace.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Homeinsurance.B.Lifeinsurance.C.Carinsurance.9.Howdoesthemanlikethewoman’sinsurancefee?A.Higherthanhis.B.Lowerthanhis.C.Thesameashis.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatwasthemandoingwhenthewomancalledhim?A.Seeingamovie.B.Cleaningtheroom.C.CatchingaTVshow.11.Whydoesthewomanwantthemantocomedownthestairs?A.Tohelphercutthetree.B.Toseesomethingspecial.C.Towatchamoviewithher.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthetree?A.Itlooksverybeautiful.B.There’snothingspecial.C.It’smoreinterestingthanthemovie.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whatprobablyistheman?AAdoctor.B.Alawyer.C.Anarchitect.14.Howwillthemangotothebusstationtomorrowmorning?A.Hewillwalkthere.B.Hewillgothereinhiscar.C.Hiswifewilldrivehimthere.15.Whenwillthemantakethereturnbustomorrow?A.At6:30pm.B.At8:00pm.C.At9:30pm.16.Whatwillthemandoaftercomingback?A.Seeamoviewithhiswife.B.Gotoapartywithhiswife.C.Havedinnerwiththewoman.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Wheredidthespeakerprefertogettheinformation?A.Frommagazines.B.FromtheInternet.C.Frombooks.18.Whatfielddidthespeaker’steamworkin?A.Chemistry.B.Physics.C.Biology.19.Whatdidtheteacheradvisethespeaker’steamtodo?A.Dotheexperimentatleastthreetimes.B.Writeeachpartoftheprocess.C.Workwithothergroups.20.Whatwasthedifferencebetweenthespeaker’steamandtheothers?A.Theydesignedadisplay.B.Theytookalotofphotos.C.Theywrotelittleabouttheexperiment.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AForthosewantingtolearncookingskills,thereareanumberofgeneralonlinecookingclassesavailabletochoosefrom.Wehaveselectedourfavoriteonlinecookingclassesforyoutogetstarted.VeecocoRecipesarecoveredformorethan17differentcoursestaughtbyexperiencedchefswhoguideviewersstepbystep.Lessonscanbeaccessedfromanywherethroughthemobileapp,andcoursematerialsarealldownloadable.Singleclassisalsoavailableforpurchaseat$127each.Asabonus,VeecocopartnerswithalocalNGOtoprovidemealsforchildreninneed：foreveryclasspurchased,onemealisdonated.WickedHealthyWickedHealthyisaplatformfoundedbychefsandBrothersDerekandChadSernowhoareonamissiontoinspireotherstocookandeatmoreplants.Theserviceoffersalargedatabaseofrecipesonitssiteandaselectionofvideo-basedcookingclassesonitsYouTubeChannel.RouxbeRouxbeisrecognizedasaleadingonlineculinaryschool(烹飪培訓學校)andapprovedbytheAmericanCulinaryFederationEducationFoundation.AllclassesofferedthroughRouxbehavespecificstartdatesbutareself-pacedandcanbetakenatanytimeafterenrollment.Allourmembershavethechancetoreceivetheguidancefromourteachersinperson.TheTinyGreenChefFoundedbyaprofessionalchef,TheTinyGreenChefisanonlinekids’cookingclasswithlessons,demos,foodexperiments,andinteractiveactivitiesthatteachyouandyourchildhowtopreparemealsathome.Uponpurchasingtheprogramyouwillgetlifetimeaccesstothecourseandcontents,aswellasaninvitationtothecompany’sprivatetourinwhichyoucanbetaughtbyourteachingstaff.Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeprogram,thereisa30-daymoney-backguarantee.1.Whichofthefollowingcookingclassessuitsavegetarian?A.Veecoco. B.WickedHealthy.C.Rouxbe. D.TheTinyGreenChef.2.Howmuchmoneyisneededtocoveralocalchild’sone-day’smealsinVeecoco?A.$127. B.$254. C.$381. D.$421.3.WhatdoRouxbeandTheTinyGreenChefhaveincommon?A.Theybothsupporttherefundablepayment.B.Theybothprovideflexibleteachingschedule.C.Theybotharesupportedbyofficialorganizations.D.Theybothoffermemberstheinstructionface-to-face.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是應用文。介紹了一些在線烹飪課程的主要內(nèi)容，優(yōu)勢和優(yōu)惠。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WickedHealthy部分的“WickedHealthyisaplatformfoundedbychefsandBrothersDerekandChadSernowhoareonamissiontoinspireotherstocookandeatmoreplants.(“WickedHealthy”是由廚師德里克和查德·塞爾諾兄弟(DerekandChadSerno)創(chuàng)建的一個平臺，他們的使命是鼓勵其他人烹飪和食用更多的植物。)”可知，WickedHealthy的課程適合素食者。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)部分的“Singleclassisalsoavailableforpurchaseat$127each.Asabonus,VeecocopartnerswithalocalNGOtoprovidemealsforchildreninneed;foreveryclasspurchased,onemealisdonated.(單人班也可購買，每節(jié)127美元。作為獎勵，Veecoo與當?shù)匾患曳钦M織合作，為貧困兒童提供膳食：每購買一節(jié)課，就會捐贈一頓飯。)”可知，在Veecoo，為了支付當?shù)貎和惶斓牟唾M，需要127*3=381美元。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rouxbe的“Allourmembershavethechancetoreceivetheguidancefromourteachersinperson.(我們所有的會員都有機會接受老師的親自指導。)”和TheTinyGreenChef部分的“Uponpurchasingtheprogramyouwillgetlifetimeaccesstothecourseandcontents,aswellasaninvitationtothecompany’sprivatetourinwhichyoucanbetaughtbyourteachingstaff.(購買該項目后，您將獲得終身訪問課程和內(nèi)容的權(quán)利，以及公司的私人參觀邀請，由我們的教學人員授課。)”可知，這兩個課程的共同之處是他們都為成員提供面對面的指導。故選D。BSingaporeusesabouttwobillionlitersofwatereveryday-anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.ThatkindofconsumptionisaddingpressuretotheAsiancitystatetoaddressgrowingconcernsaboutglobalwatershortage.Soit'sbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewhereobtainingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult."Singaporetrulyhasbecomeaglobalwatercenter,"saidShaneSnyder,executivedirectoroftheNanyangEnvironment&WaterResearchInstituteatSingapore'sNanyangSingapore,meanwhile,ishometomorethanfivemillionpeopleandiscoveredinfountains,reservoirsandotherwaterfeatures-includingtheworld'stallestindoorwaterfall,TheRainVortexthatpumpsabout45,000litersofwaterperminute.Butithasnonaturalwatersourcesofitsown,insteadrelyingheavilyonrecycledwaterandimportsfromitsneighbors.Snyder'sresearchfacilityisoneofseveralplacesdevelopingsolutionsforSingapore'swaterdependency.Thehopeistocreateprojectsthatcouldbeusedacrossthecity."Whatwehavebecomeusedtoasreliablewatermayquicklychange-sowehavetobeprepared,andwehavetobethinkingaboutthebasicfacilitiesinadvance."Snydersaid."There'sabigdrivetobecomewaterindependent-tocontrolourownfuture-andthatislargelydependentonthetechnologieswe'redeveloping."Anothercompany,Wateroam,isalreadytakinginnovationfromSingaporetotherestoftheregion.Foundedin2014,Wateroamsaysithasdevelopedalightweight,portablefiltration（過濾）devicethathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.WateroamCEODavidPongsaidoneofthemostinnovativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepump,yetitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears."We'vebeenveryblessedtohaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater,"Pongsaid.It'snecessarytobringtheprivilegetotherestoftheregion,andadvocatethatcleanwaterisanessentialaspectforlifeonEarth,accordingtohim.4.WhatworsensthewatershortageprobleminSingapore?A.Morewaterimports. B.Thelackoftechnology.C.Theincreasingpopulation. D.Doublewaterconsumption.5.HowcanwatercrisisinSingaporebeeased?A.Searchingfornaturalwatersources.B.Controllingtheincreaseofpopulation.C.Importingwaterfrommoreneighbors.D.Usingtechnologiestoprovidecleanwater.6.WhatdoweknowaboutthefiltrationdevicefromParagraph5?A.Itiseasytocarryanduse.B.Itislargerthanabicyclepump.C.IthasalreadybeenusedacrossAsia.D.Ithasalreadybeeninusefortwoyears.7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.CleanwaterisanessentialaspectforlifeonEarth.B.TechnologycanhelpSingaporeoutwithitswatershortage.C.TheincreasingwaterconsumptionisaddingpressuretoSingapore.D.Singapore'sfiltrationdevicehasprovidedmanypeoplewithcleanwater.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科技可以幫助新加坡解決缺水問題。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Singaporeusesabouttwobillionlitersofwatereveryday-anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.（新加坡每天用水約20億公升，預計這一數(shù)字在未來40年內(nèi)可能翻一番。）”以及第二段“ThatkindofconsumptionisaddingpressuretotheAsiancitystatetoaddressgrowingconcernsaboutglobalwatershortage.（這種消費給這個亞洲城市國家增加了壓力，要求它解決對全球水資源短缺日益增長的擔憂。）”可知，耗水量加倍使新加坡的缺水問題惡化了。故選D項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Soit'sbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewhereobtainingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult.（因此，它正在開發(fā)新的技術(shù)，為將來獲得清潔的水變得更加困難做好準備。）”可知，可利用技術(shù)提供清潔用水緩解新加坡的水危機。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Anothercompany,Wateroam,isalreadytakinginnovationfromSingaporetotherestoftheregion.Foundedin2014,Wateroamsaysithasdevelopedalightweight,portablefiltration(過濾器)devicethathasalreadyprovidedcleandrinkingwatertomorethan75,000peopleacrossSoutheastAsia.WateroamCEODavidPongsaidoneofthemostinnovativeaspectsoftheproductisitssimplicity.Thewaterfiltrationdeviceisnobiggerthanabicyclepumpyetitcanprovidecleanwatertovillagesof100peopleforuptotwoyears.（另一家公司W(wǎng)ateroam已經(jīng)將創(chuàng)新從新加坡帶到了該地區(qū)的其他地方。Wateream成立于2014年，公司表示已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種輕便的便攜式過濾設(shè)備，已經(jīng)為東南亞超過75000人提供了清潔的飲用水。Wateream公司首席執(zhí)行官DavidPong說，該產(chǎn)品最具創(chuàng)新性的一個方面是它的簡單性。水過濾裝置只有自行車打氣筒那么大，但它可以為100個村民提供清潔水，持續(xù)時間長達兩年。）”可知，第5段中的過濾裝置便于攜帶和使用。故選A項。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。閱讀全文以及根據(jù)第一、二段“Singaporeusesabouttwobillionlitersofwatereveryday-anumberitexpectscoulddoubleinthenextfourdecades.ThatkindofconsumptionisaddingpressuretotheAsiancitystatetoaddressgrowingconcernsaboutglobalwatershortage.Soit'sbuildingnewtechnologytoprepareitselfforafuturewhereobtainingcleanwaterwillbeevenmoredifficult.（新加坡每天用水量約為20億公升，預計未來40年這一數(shù)字可能翻一番。這種消費給這個亞洲城市國家增加了壓力，要求它解決對全球水資源短缺日益增長的擔憂。因此，它正在開發(fā)新的技術(shù)，為將來獲得清潔的水變得更加困難做好準備。）”可知，本文主要講述了科技可以幫助新加坡解決缺水問題。故選B項。CStanLeewasbornin1922.Whenhewasjust17,hegotajobatacompanythatmadecomicbooks.Althoughthesalarywasbeyondhisimagination,Mr.Leegottiredofit.Mostsuperheroeswerestrongandsmartandalwaysknewtherightthingtodo.Mr.Leewantedtohaveachancetocreatenewsuperheroesthathadweaknesses.Mr.Leedidn’tcreatetheheroesbyhimself.Heworkedwithartiststocomeupwiththeideas.Somepeoplethoughtthecomicbookswouldnotsellwellandthatthereaderswouldbeunhappytoseesuperheroesleadanormallife.Mr.Leewasabletocreatecharactersthatweredifferentfromanythingthathadbeenseenincomicbooksbefore.TheIncredibleHulkwasareallyniceguyuntilhegotangry.Spider-Manwasneversurehewasdoingtherightthing,buthealwaysseemedtohavesomethingfunnytosaytothebadguys.Mr.Leemadeitokayforcomicbookheroestobelikecommonpeople.Healsohadthecleverideaofhavinghiscomicbookheroesappearineachother’sstories.Forexample,Spider-ManmightshowupinaFantasticFourstory.Thismadereadersfeelshocked.Healsobroughtthemintotherealworld.BatmanandSupermanlivedinmade-upcities.ButMr.LeedecidedthatPeterParker(whoturnsintoSpider-Man)shouldliveinNewYorkCity.In1980,Mr.LeemovedtoCaliforniatopromotehismovies.Heplayedasmallpartinmostofthesemovies,usuallyshowinguponscreenforjustafewsecondstomakeaudiencefeelthesuperheroesreallyexistintheirlives.HewantedtotryandgethissuperheroesontoTVandintothemovies.Hedidn’thavetoomuchluckatfirst,althoughTheIncredibleHulkbecamepopularTVshows.ButafterthesuccessofTheX-MenandSpider-Manmoviesintheearly2000s,movieswithMarvelheroesbegantobefavoredbymillionsoffans.Marvelmovieshavenowearnedover$24billion.Mr.Leeisnolongerwithus,buttheheroeshecreatedliveon.8.WhydidStanLeegettiredofhisfirstjob?A.Thepaywaspoorinthejob.B.Thecharactersintheircomicsweretooperfect.C.Thereadersdidn’tsupporthisbooks.D.Theartistsdidn’tcooperatewithhim.9.WhatsurprisedStanLee’sreaders?A.Thedifferentkindsofsuperpowersofsuperheroes.B.Theconnectionbetweendifferentsuperheroes.C.Theenvironmentthesuperheroeslivein.D.Thecommonlifethesuperheroeslead.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.StanLeemovedtoCaliforniatodirectthefilms.B.StanLeeplayedtheleadingroleinhismovies.C.TheIncredibleHulkwasnotpopularatfirst.D.TheMarvelmoviesgeneratedhugeprofits.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.StanLee:theMarvelsuperherocreatorB.StanLee:thebest-sellingauthorC.Whydopeoplelovethesuperheroes?D.WhyareMarvelmoviespopular?【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了StanLee是如何產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造漫威這些超級英雄的想法以及他是如何做的，以及他怎么參與到推動漫威電影的發(fā)展中，并取得了成功。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Althoughthesalarywasbeyondhisimagination,Mr.Leegottiredofit.Mostsuperheroeswerestrongandsmartandalwaysknewtherightthingtodo.Mr.Leewantedtohaveachancetocreatenewsuperheroesthathadweaknesses.”(盡管薪水超出了他的想象，但李先生已經(jīng)厭倦了。大多數(shù)超級英雄都強壯而聰明，并且總是知道該做什么是正確的。李先生希望有機會創(chuàng)造有弱點的新超級英雄)可知，他感到厭倦是因為這些超級英雄都是強壯且聰明的，太完美了。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Healsohadthecleverideaofhavinghiscomicbookheroesappearineachother’sstories.Forexample,Spider-ManmightshowupinaFantasticFourstory.Thismadereadersfeelshocked.”(他還有一個聰明想法，那就是讓他的漫畫英雄出現(xiàn)在彼此的故事中。例如，蜘蛛俠可能會出現(xiàn)在神奇四俠的故事中。這讓讀者感到震驚)可知，他讓漫畫中的超級英雄互相出現(xiàn)在其他故事里，這種聯(lián)系讓讀者感到驚訝。故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ButafterthesuccessofTheX-MenandSpider-Manmoviesintheearly2000s,movieswithMarvelheroesbegantobefavoredbymillionsoffans.Marvelmovieshavenowearnedover$24billion.”(但在2000年代初期《X戰(zhàn)警》和《蜘蛛俠》電影大獲成功后，以漫威英雄為主角的電影開始受到數(shù)百萬粉絲的青睞。漫威電影現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)賺了超過240億美元)可知，漫威電影產(chǎn)生了巨大的利潤。故選D項?！?1題詳解】標題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段主要介紹了StanLee產(chǎn)生了創(chuàng)造漫畫英雄的想法，第二段介紹了他是怎么做的，第三段是他參與到推動漫威電影的發(fā)展?！癝tanLee：漫威超級英雄的創(chuàng)造者”可以作為本文標題。故選A項。DThelackofcluesleftbehindbyancientAmericanshasmadeitdifficultforresearcherstodeterminepreciselywhenhumansfirstarrivedonthecontinent.However,ithasalwaysbeenbelievedtobeabout13,000yearsago.Now,evidencefromtheChiquihuiteCaveinZacatecas,CentralMexico,seemstosuggestthatprehistorichumansmayhavebeenlivinginNorthAmericaasearlyas30,000yearsago.Dr.CiprianArdelean,oftheAutonomousUniversityofZacatecaswholedthegroundbreakingresearch,firstbecameawareofthecaveinMay2010.Gettingtothecavelocated2,750metersabovesealevelrequireda45-minutetruckridetothebaseandanuphillclimboveraroughterrain(地形).However,Dr.Ardeleanandhisteamfoundenoughcluestomakethedifficultjourneythreeadditionaltimes—in2012,2016,and2017.Thearcheologists’effortsrevealedmanyartifacts(文物)includingover1,900stonetoolsfrommultiplelayersofthecave.Thescientistsfoundthatmostofthetoolswerebetween16,000and13,000yearsold.However,239artifactsunearthedfromthedeepestlayerofthecavedatedbackanastonishing30,000years!WhilethegeneticmaterialgainedinthecavewasonlyplantandanimalDNA,theteamdidfindevidenceofsulfur,potassiumandzincelementsthatcouldindicatehumanactivitiessuchaskillinganimals.Dr.ArdeleansaystheabsenceofhumanDNAconfirmsthattheearlypeoplevisitedthecaveforshortperiodsoftime.Theresearchersareunsureoftheancienthumans’originsorthepaththeytooktogettoAmerica.Theyguessthegroupsweretribeswhomovedfromplacetoplaceandwentextinctatsomepointduringtheirmigrations.Dr.Ardeleansays,“Wedon’tknowwhotheywere,wheretheycamefromorwheretheywent.They’reacompleteenigma.WefalselyassumethatthenativepopulationsintheAmericastodayaredirectdescendants(后代)fromtheearliestAmericans,butnowwedon’tthinkthatisthecase.”ArcheologistLorenDavis,fromOregonState12.WhatdidDr.CiprianArdeleando?A.Hesoldhundredsofartifacts. B.Heexploredthecavefourtimes.C.Hemadethecaveworld-known. D.Hecollectedartifactsfromthecave.13.WhatshakesthetraditionalbeliefconcerningNorthAmerica?A.Metalelementsunearthedfromthecave.B.PlantandanimalDNAdiscoveredinthecave.C.Thestonetoolsfromthecave’sdeepestlayer.D.Theartifactsfromtheupperlayersofthecave.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enigma”inParagraph5mean?A.Problem. B.Breakthrough.C.Appeal. D.Mystery.15.WhatisLorenDavis’sattitudetowardsDr.Ardelean’stheory?A.Supportive. B.Neutral.C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自墨西哥中部薩卡特卡斯的奇基奎維特洞穴的證據(jù)似乎表明，史前人類可能早在3萬年前就生活在北美?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Dr.CiprianArdelean,oftheAutonomousUniversityofZacatecaswholedthegroundbreakingresearch,firstbecameawareofthecaveinMay2010.(薩卡特卡斯自治大學的西普里亞安·阿德里安博士領(lǐng)導了這項開創(chuàng)性的研究，他于2010年5月首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個洞穴)”和“However,Dr.Ardeleanandhisteamfoundenoughcluestomakethedifficultjourneythreeadditionaltimes—in2012,2016,and2017.(然而，阿德里安博士和他的團隊找到了足夠的線索，進行了三次額外的艱難的旅程——在2012年、2016年和2017年)”可知，阿德里安博士第一次去這個洞穴是在2010年5月，然后在2012，2016，2017年又去了三次，故他探索了這個洞穴四次，故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thearcheologists’effortsrevealedmanyartifacts(文物)includingover1,900stonetoolsfrommultiplelayersofthecave.Thescientistsfoundthatmostofthetoolswerebetween16,000and13,000yearsold.However,239artifactsunearthedfromthedeepestlayerofthecavedatedbackanastonishing30,000years!(考古學家的努力發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多文物，包括1900多件來自洞穴多層的石器?？茖W家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)工具的歷史都在1.6萬到1.3萬年之間。然而，從洞穴最深處出土的239件文物可以追溯到令人吃驚的3萬年前！)”可知，從洞穴最深處發(fā)現(xiàn)的石器動搖了關(guān)于北美的傳統(tǒng)想法。故選C。【14題詳解】詞義猜測題。劃線句上文“Wedon’tknowwhotheywere,wheretheycamefromorwheretheywent.(我們不知道他們是誰，他們從哪里來，他們?nèi)ツ睦?”說明科學家們不了解古代人類的情況，因此推斷劃線句句意是說：他們完全是個謎。故劃線詞詞義與D項“Mystery(謎)”意思相近，故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Theresearchersays,‘Ifit’struethatpeoplewereinZacatecas32,000yearsago,thatchangeseverything—itmorethandoublesthetimepeoplehavebeenintheAmericas.I’mnotgoingtosayit’simpossible,butifalltheyfoundarebrokenrockswithoutanyhardevidence,it’snaturalforpeopletochallengetheconclusion.’(這位研究人員說，“如果三萬兩千年前人們真的在薩卡特卡斯，那就改變了一切——這比人們到美國的時間增加了一倍多。我不會說這是不可能的，但如果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的都是破碎的巖石，沒有任何確鑿的證據(jù)，人們質(zhì)疑這個結(jié)論是很自然的。”)”可知，Loren認為這不是不可能的，但是如果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)都是破碎的巖石，沒有任何確鑿的證據(jù)，人們自然會質(zhì)疑這一結(jié)論，由此可知，Loren是持懷疑態(tài)度，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Yourhighschoolyearsarepartofthemostformative(形成的)yearsofyourlife.____16____Thoughchallenging,itispossibletobeinhighschoolandcareerready.Herearesometipstohelpyouchooseacareerpath.____17____Thislistshouldconsistofalltheprofessions,startingfromtheonesthatinterestedyouasachildtotheonesyou’reinterestedinrightnow,regardlessofhowstrangetheyseem.Exploretheprofessions.Onceyou’vecreatedalist,it’stimetodoresearch.____18____Allyouneedtodoisreadrelevantarticles,getmoreinformationaboutyourpotentialdreamcareerandlearnmoreaboutthejobsonyourlist.Makeaself-assessment.Thefinaldecisionaboutyourcareerchoiceshouldbebasedonyou,yourinterests,hobbies,personalityandpreferences.Toensurethatyouchooseacareerthatisrightforyou,you’llneedtoaskyourselfwhereyouseeyourselfin10years.____19____Makeashortlist.Now,afteryou’vegonethroughallthestepsabove,it’stimetonarrowdownfurther.____20____Bythetimeyoumakethefinaldecision.You’llalreadybeawareoftherequirementsofyourcareerpath.Atthisstage,youshouldhaveacareerplantohelpyouachieveyourgoalsandgetinyourdreamcareerpath.A.Createalistofprofessions.B.Itgreatlyreflectswhatyouwanttodo.C.Itonlyrequirescarefulthinkingandplanning.D.Asaresult,thetimecomeswhenyouhavetochoosetherightcareerpath.E.Well,differentcareersrequireasetofspecificskills,talentsandqualifications.F.Don’tworry;thisresearchisnothingsimilartowhatyoudoforyourtermpapers.G.Lookatthecareerchoicesonyourlistagainandleaveoutsomechoicesbasedonwhatyou’velearnedfromyourresearch.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.B20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要提出一些可以幫助你選擇職業(yè)道路的建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Yourhighschoolyearsarepartofthemostformative(形成的)yearsofyourlife.”（你的高中時代是你人生中最具成長性的時期。）可知你的高中生活是你人生中最重要的階段。D項“因此，當你不得不選擇正確的職業(yè)道路的時候就到了。”可知此句為上句的結(jié)果，引出下文關(guān)于的“選擇職業(yè)道路的建議”內(nèi)容。故選D?！?7題詳解】設(shè)空處與上下段首句句式保持一致，即應是祈使句。結(jié)合后句“Thislistshouldconsistofalltheprofessions”（這個列表應該包括所有的職業(yè)），A項“創(chuàng)建一個職業(yè)列表?！敝械摹發(fā)ist”以及“professions”原詞重現(xiàn)。故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Onceyou’vecreatedalist,it’stimetodoresearch”（一旦你創(chuàng)建了一個列表，就該做研究了。），F(xiàn)項“別擔心；這項研究和你的學期論文完全不同?！逼渲小皉esearch”原詞重現(xiàn)，該空內(nèi)容為上句研究的具體內(nèi)容。過渡自然，銜接緊密。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Toensurethatyouchooseacareerthatisrightforyou,you’llneedtoaskyourselfwhereyouseeyourselfin10years”（為了確保你選擇的職業(yè)是適合你的，你需要問自己10年后你會在哪里。），B項“自我評估很大程度上反映了你想做什么”。B項為上句的原因，因為明確自我評估，自己想要什么，才能選擇合適的職業(yè)。過渡自然。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Makeashortlist.Now,afteryou’vegonethroughallthestepsabove,it’stimetonarrowdownfurther”（做一份入圍名單?，F(xiàn)在，在您完成上述所有步驟后，是時候進一步縮小范圍了。），作者建議縮小職業(yè)道路選擇范圍，G項“再看一遍清單上的職業(yè)選擇，根據(jù)你的研究省去一些選擇?！睘樯暇涞木唧w做法。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。It’s6:15a.m.onaschoolday,andJocelynMurzyckihastwokidsandsheneedstogetoutthedoorinanhour.Astheskybeginsto____21____,Murzyckidoesn’tmanageafewmoreminutesofsleep.____22____,she’sheadingoutinthefreezingcoldonherdailyplog—arunto____23____litter.First,the____24____are:alittergrabberandareusableshoppingbag,onesideforlandfillandtheotherfor____25____.Coveringherselfup,Murzyckijogs____26____downMainStreet,stoppingbrieflytopickupaplasticcup.Sheusuallyneedstostophalfwaythroughher20-minuterunto____27____herbag.Withinafewhoursthestreetwilllooklitteredagain.Butsheisn’t____28____—itjustaddsfueltoherploggingfire.Theword“plogging”comesfromplogga,a____29____oftwoSwedishwordsthatmeantopickupandtojog.Theactivitywas______30______byErikAhlstrom.WhenhemovedtoStockholm,hefelt______31______attheamountoflitterinthestreetsandbegangatheringfriendstocleanuptheneighborhoodwhileoutforruns.NowMr.Ahlstromistravelingtheworld,publicizingthe______32______ofplogging.IntheU.S.,socialmediaandrunninggroupsare______33______peopletogetoutandplog:the“plogging”tag(標簽)alonehasmorethan40,000posts.MurzyckihasbeendoingthisforafewyearsevenbeforethetrendhittheU.S.“Itreallyissuper______34______ifyougoouteverysingledayandjustpickuplitter,”shesays.Butshe’sfiguredouthowtomakeitfunbyjoggingwithfriendsandaddingthe______35______findingatinyglassbottleaddsonepush-up(俯臥撐).21.A.clear B.snow C.lighten D.darken22.A.Thus B.Instead C.Nevertheless D.Otherwise23.A.payfor B.fightfor C.accountfor D.huntfor24.A.samples B.necessities C.possessions D.types25.A.sorting B.updating C.recycling D.donating26.A.appropriately B.voluntarily C.personally D.purposefully27.A.empty B.drop C.pack D.search28.A.prevented B.accepted C.discovered D.persuaded29.A.collection B.combination C.connection D.comparison30.A.launched B.challenged C.controlled D.joined31.A.mad B.hopeless C.amused D.amazed32.A.rules B.features C.benefits D.consequences33.A.requiring B.warning C.reminding D.inspiring34.A.depressing B.confusing C.shameful D.false35.A.weight B.value C.exercise D.training【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.A29.B30.A31.D32.C33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。介紹了一種一邊慢跑一邊撿垃圾叫做plog活動，在享受樂趣的同時，為和保護環(huán)境盡一份力?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著天開始變亮，Murzycki沒有再多睡幾分鐘。A.clear清除；B.snow下雪；C.lighten變亮、照亮；D.darken變黑。根據(jù)常識，早上的時候天會逐漸變亮，故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：反而，她走到了寒冷的戶外，做她每天都會做的活動——慢跑過程中扔垃圾。A.Thus因此；B.Instead反而；C.Nevertheless然而；D.Otherwise否則。沒有多睡幾分鐘，而是做了另一件事情替代，故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：每日的慢跑撿垃圾活動——一次揀垃圾的行程。A.payfor為…支付；B.fightfor為…戰(zhàn)斗；C.accountfor是…的原因；D.huntfor獵捕、尋找。根據(jù)第4空后面的alittlegrabber“垃圾夾具”，可知Murzycki是去街上尋找垃圾、撿垃圾，故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：必要的工具是一個垃圾夾具和一個可重復利用的購物袋。A.samples樣品；B.necessities必需品；C.possessions擁有物；D.types類型。去街上撿垃圾需要一些必備的工具，故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個針對填埋垃圾，一個用來回收可利用的垃圾。A.sorting分類；B.updating更新；C.recycling回收；D.donating捐贈。購物袋的作用是用來回收可利用的垃圾的，故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Murzycki有目的地在主要街道上慢跑，短暫地停下來拾起一個塑料瓶。A.appropriately合適地；B.voluntarily自愿地；C.personally個人地；D.purposefully有目的地。慢跑不僅僅是跑步，撿垃圾也是目標之一，故選D項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她經(jīng)常需要在20分鐘的行程后，停下來清空她的包。A.empty清空；B.drop丟掉；C.pack打包；D.search搜索。跑步過程中不斷回收垃圾，那么包自然而然會滿，需要清空，故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是她沒有被阻止。A.prevented阻止；B.accepted接受；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.persuaded說服。根據(jù)后句“itjustaddsfueltoherploggingfire.”（這只是給她的活動增加了助力）可知，街上又出現(xiàn)的垃圾并沒有給她帶來阻力而是動力，故選A項。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“plogging”這個單詞來自plogga，這是一個由兩個瑞典單詞，一個意味著撿起，一個意味著慢跑，結(jié)合在一起形成的。A.collection；收集；B.combination結(jié)合；C.connection連接；D.comparison比較。兩個單詞組合形成一個單詞，這是一種很常見的構(gòu)詞法，故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這項活動是由ErickAhlstrom發(fā)起的。A.launched發(fā)射。發(fā)起；B.challenged挑戰(zhàn)；C.controlled控制；D.joined加入。根據(jù)第11空后的“he…begangatheringfriendstocleanuptheneighborhoodwhileoutforruns”(他開始召集朋友們在外出跑步時清理附近街區(qū)的垃圾)可知，這項運動由他開始，故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他對街上垃圾的數(shù)量感到震驚。A.mad瘋狂的；B.hopeless無望的；C.amused逗樂的；D.amazed感到震驚的。他開始著急朋友們撿垃圾可知垃圾的數(shù)量很多，這是令人感到震驚的，只有D項符合語境邏輯，故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在Ahlstrom先生在世界各地旅行，向人