板塊3動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用第1講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教師用書(shū)教案2

第1講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞[前沿最新動(dòng)態(tài)]題型高考典題試做命題角度解讀語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeans(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed(construct)．”3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen(choose)，but...4．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance.1．時(shí)態(tài)主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2．給出動(dòng)詞考查其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；3．考查主謂一致。短文改錯(cuò)1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.start→started2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Mydaddon'tlikethesoupandIdon'tenjoyapples.第一個(gè)don't→doesn't3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.required→requires4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，and...”include→includes5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)ItwasMondaymorning，andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.begin→begun6．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.took→taken；become→became1．上下文中時(shí)態(tài)不一致，主要是一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的誤用；2．主謂不一致，特別是主語(yǔ)為第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)常被誤用；3．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的混淆。4．完成時(shí)態(tài)中動(dòng)詞原形和過(guò)去分詞的混淆?？键c(diǎn)一一般時(shí)態(tài)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·山東濟(jì)南三模)Thetreatmentcontinuedandfinallyhisnovelcoronaviruswas(be)100%gotridof.2．(2020·武漢網(wǎng)上模擬試題)Whenwefirstmet(meet),Iwasimpressedbyhervoice.3．(2020·成武沖刺卷)Thefatheraswellashisthreechildrengoes(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.4．(2020·湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三一模)Themoviewasadapted(adapt)fromthetruestoryofaroadtripthroughthesouthernUSintheearly1960s.5．(2020·浙江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試)Theymadeuptheirmindsthattheywouldbuy(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedhisjob.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)6．(2020·安丘一中二模)ItwasonlywhenIgothomethatIrealizeIhadleftmybookinthelibrary.realize→realized7．(2020·宜昌模擬)Gettinglaidoffprovetobethebestthingthathaseverhappenedtome.prove→proves8．(2020·石家莊聯(lián)考)TomhaslivedinShanghaifor4years,butheenjoyshislifeinChangchunnow.刪除has[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成主要由動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞be的第一人稱單數(shù)形式用am，第三人稱單數(shù)形式用is，其他人稱形式均用are。動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式用has。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則是：一般情況直接加-shate→hates結(jié)尾為-s，-x，-sh，-ch或-o，在詞尾加-esdiscuss→discussesfix→fixeswash→washesteach→teachesgo→goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母＋y”變y為i再加-escarry→carriesstudy→studies2．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always，everytime，nowandthen，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，everyday/night等連用。Heoftengoestoworkbybus，andhetakesawalkwithhiswifeafterdinnereveryday.他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一塊兒散步。(2)按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等動(dòng)詞。Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026takesoffat18：20．看看時(shí)間表?？禳c(diǎn)兒吧！4026航班18：20起飛。(3)在狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。Ifitisfinetomorrow，wewillgothere.要是明天晴天，我們就去那里。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則是：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加-edlook→looked以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-dhope→hopedlike→liked以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i再加-edstudy→studiedtry→tried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加-edstop→stoppedadmit→admittedpermit→permittedprefer→preferred2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可以表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，常與yesterday，theotherday，lastweek，thedaybeforeyesterday等過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.1931年，亞當(dāng)斯成為第一個(gè)贏得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的美國(guó)女性。三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成由“shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。其中shall用于第一人稱，will用于一切人稱。2．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow，nextyear，in＋一段時(shí)間等連用?！皐ill＋動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說(shuō)話者臨時(shí)的決定。—Whattimeisit?——幾點(diǎn)了？—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute，Iwillcheckitforyou.——我不知道。你稍等，我給你查查。3．其他表示“將來(lái)”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)“begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。Look！Darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon，Ithink.看！烏云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace，socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.無(wú)論是在家里還是在工作場(chǎng)所，在未來(lái)的幾年里社交機(jī)器人將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越普遍。(2)“beto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、約定或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。(3)“beaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥(niǎo)引起了他的注意。[易錯(cuò)提醒]如果表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)“would/should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。該時(shí)態(tài)主要出現(xiàn)在間接引語(yǔ)中。ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIwould/shoulddonextweek.我昨天給他打電話，問(wèn)他我下周要干什么?？键c(diǎn)二進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·棗莊模擬)Engineersaresetting(set)upover15，000sensors(傳感器)nationwideandwiringthemintoaweb.2．(2020·玉溪押題卷)Atthistimetomorrowwewillbeflying(fly)overtheAtlanticOcean.3．(2020·長(zhǎng)治一中模擬)Shirleywaswriting(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.4．(2020·浙江湖州期末考試)Hurryup!Mr.Johnsonisexpecting(expect)youinhisoffice.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5．(2020·長(zhǎng)沙模擬)IamgladtohearthatyouaregoingtoCanadatostudy.SoIwaswritingtotellyousomethingaboutthiscountry. was→am6．(2020·湖北省黃岡市高三模擬)Myessayhasbeensendingtoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon'tcauseyoutoomuchtrouble. sending→sent[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成；將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)由“will/shall＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則如下：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾直接加-ingask→asking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ingwrite→writingtake→takingface→facing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加-ingcut→cuttingbegin→beginningswim→swimming以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變-ie為y再加-inglie→lyingdie→dying二、進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行?！狪hearyouareworkinginapub.What'sitlike?——我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你在酒吧工作。感覺(jué)怎么樣？—Well，it'sveryhardworkandI'malwaystired，butIdon'tmind.——哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過(guò)我不介意。(2)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，runout等動(dòng)詞。Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要用完了。我們必須在食物吃完前馬上行動(dòng)。2．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及atthattime，atthatmoment，atthistimeyesterday，atteno'clockyesterday等連用。HemusthavesensedthatIwaslookingathim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly，“Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat？”他一定感覺(jué)到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，輕聲地說(shuō)：“你為什么那樣盯著我看？”(2)表示過(guò)去的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中持續(xù)進(jìn)行的一個(gè)，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。3．將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：atthistimetomorrow，bythen，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議了，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)時(shí)間在授課?？键c(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·井岡山二模)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedIhadleft(leave)mybookinthecafe.2．(2020·濱州模擬)Eitherthebeautifulsightsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustomhasattracted(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.3．(2020·浙江金華十校模擬)Doctorsandscientistshavelearned(learn)agreatdealaboutsleepinthelastthirtyyears.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)4．(2020·鄭州押題卷)Theysaidneverbeforehavetheyexperiencedsointerestingaclass.have→had5．(2020·山東省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)第一次調(diào)研)Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ayoungmaninTeheranboughtarealbed.Itwasthefirsttimethathehasbecometheproudownerofabed.has→had[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成；過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。二、完成時(shí)的用法1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，inthelast(past)fewdays/years，uptonow，tillnow，sofar等。Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.本周他已經(jīng)收到了三個(gè)相似的邀請(qǐng)。Inthepastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.在過(guò)去的幾年里，全世界拍攝了數(shù)以千計(jì)的電影。(2)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始而延續(xù)至今(可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)；for＋時(shí)間段等?！狪rememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?——我記得你在大學(xué)時(shí)是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？—Sorry，Ihaven'tplayedthepianoforyears.——抱歉，我好多年沒(méi)有彈鋼琴了。(3)在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)前已完成的動(dòng)作。Willyoucometomyofficewhenyouhavefinishedyourwork?你完成工作后到我辦公室來(lái)一下，好嗎？2．過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。句中一般有明確的表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)。Whenwalkingdownthestreet，IcameacrossDavid，whomIhadn'tseenforyears.沿街走路時(shí)，我偶然遇見(jiàn)了戴維，我們已經(jīng)有好幾年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。(2)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：before(＋從句)，bythen，bythattime，bytheendof，bythetime＋從句等。Hehadscarcelyputthephonedownbeforethedoorbellrang.他剛放下電話，門(mén)鈴就響了起來(lái)。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的動(dòng)詞(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday，butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.昨天我本來(lái)打算去看你，但是來(lái)了一位不速之客。3．常使用完成時(shí)的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddonesth.這是某人第幾次做某事Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.那是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(2)It(This)is/wasthe＋最高級(jí)＋名詞＋(that)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí)。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb.haddonesth.自從……以來(lái)多久了(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我一到家，就下起了傾盆大雨。考點(diǎn)四完成進(jìn)行時(shí)[題組試做]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·合肥第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))SinceZhangjiajiehasbeenimproving(improve)itstransportationandserviceforlong,thecitynowcanreceive36，200touristsperday.2．(2020·云南玉溪一中第二次月考)—Tony，whyareyoureyesred?—Ihavebeencutting(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.3．(2020·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)WhenAlicecametolife，shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlying(lie)there.[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由have/hasbeendoing或hadbeendoing構(gòu)成。二、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(一)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1．常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。I'mverytired.Ihavebeencheckingthestudents'papersallthemorning.我很累。我整個(gè)上午都在批改學(xué)生的試卷。2．表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butIcan'tgetthrough.今天上午我給他打了很多次電話，但都沒(méi)打通。[名師點(diǎn)津]現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作到目前為止仍在進(jìn)行，甚至仍將繼續(xù)I'vereadTinyTimes.我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)《小時(shí)代》了。(已經(jīng)完成)IhavebeenreadingTinyTimesthesedays.這些天我一直在讀《小時(shí)代》。(仍在進(jìn)行甚至仍將繼續(xù))(二)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“had＋been＋v.-ing”構(gòu)成。表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始并延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間。這一動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。ShetoldmethatshehadbeenstudyingFrenchfor5years.她告訴我她已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)5年了。(動(dòng)作仍繼續(xù))Shetoldmethatshehadbeenwaitingformeforanhour.她告訴我她已經(jīng)等我一個(gè)鐘頭了。(動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù))考點(diǎn)五被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·慈溪模擬)Inthenearfuture,Ihopemoreprogresswillbemade(make)infarming.2．(2020·菏澤模擬)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreementhasbeenreached(reach)sofarbythetwosides.3．(2020·濟(jì)寧聯(lián)考)Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseisbeingdecorated(decorate)．4．(2020·肇慶月考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.5．(2020·寧夏靈武模擬)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming，isregarded(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)6．(2020·平頂山聯(lián)考)Webothattractedbyitsbeautifulsceneryatfirstsight.both前加were7．(2020·安徽師大附中高三階段性測(cè)試)Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.picking→picked[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下(以動(dòng)詞give為例)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式amgivenisgivenaregivenwasgivenweregivenshallbegivenwillbegivenshouldbegivenwouldbegiven進(jìn)行式ambeinggivenisbeinggivenarebeinggivenwasbeinggivenwerebeinggiven完成式hasbeengivenhavebeengivenhadbeengivenshallhavebeengivenwillhavebeengivenshouldhavebeengivenwouldhavebeengiven2．“get＋過(guò)去分詞”也能構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常用于口語(yǔ)中，其中的get已失去原有的詞匯意義，而接近于be的功能。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)etmarried結(jié)婚；getpaid獲得報(bào)酬；gethurt受傷；gettrapped/stuck/caught被困二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1．不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)；2．強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)空間站將在未來(lái)的幾年內(nèi)在月球上建成。Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，所有的麥子被收割后，總是要給農(nóng)民們準(zhǔn)備一頓收獲的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因?yàn)樵S多森林被毀，每年大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。[易錯(cuò)提醒]1．有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belongto屬于；takepartin參加。2．不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；breakout爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。三、主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義1．“系動(dòng)詞feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoft.這種羊毛衫摸起來(lái)很軟。2．當(dāng)sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well/easily等)修飾，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你買(mǎi)最近暢銷的那本書(shū)了嗎？我認(rèn)為它非常適合我們青少年。3．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing(＝toberepaired)．這房子需要修葺。4．在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出。5．betorent/blame主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Whoistoblameforthemistake?誰(shuí)應(yīng)為這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤接受譴責(zé)？考點(diǎn)六虛擬語(yǔ)氣[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·浙江臺(tái)州模擬考試)It'sapitythatyouwerelate,otherwiseyouwouldhaveseen(see)thestarfromKorea.2．IshouldnothavelaughedifIhadthought(think)youwereserious.3．(2020·西安九校聯(lián)考)Don'thandlethevaseasifitwere(be)madeofsteel.4．(2020·湖北武昌區(qū)高三調(diào)考)Ifwehadn'tmade(make)adequatepreparations，theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5．(2020·湖北武漢高三調(diào)考)Ifitwerenottoraintomorrow,thecropswillnotbesaved.will→would[要點(diǎn)解讀]一、if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬條件句虛擬情況主句從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋doif＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去式(be用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋havedoneif＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋doif＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去式/weretodo/should＋doIfthenewsafetysystemhadbeenputtouse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.要是新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用的話，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.如果你沒(méi)有把地圖弄丟的話，我們現(xiàn)在就回到旅館了。Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere，shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.格蕾絲不想搬到紐約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為如果住在那里，她就不能經(jīng)常看到她的父母了。[易錯(cuò)提醒]1．如果在表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的if從句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should移至主語(yǔ)之前。2．如果主句和從句是對(duì)不同時(shí)間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱為錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)主句常有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。二、含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是隱含在某些詞或短語(yǔ)中，或隱含在上下文中，這叫含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常用的這類詞或短語(yǔ)有：without(要是)沒(méi)有；butfor要不是；otherwise/or否則等?！狣oyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?——你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎？—Yes.Otherwise，Iwouldn'thavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.——有。不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了。ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.要不是托馬斯·愛(ài)迪生，我們現(xiàn)在從中受益的很多東西就不會(huì)存在。三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用1．在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用(1)在表示要求、命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，以及這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的同位語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有：一堅(jiān)持(insist)一敦促(urge)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建議(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam，believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾參加辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會(huì)給予他所需要的信心和認(rèn)可。Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.他執(zhí)意要求在會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Mydesireisthatwe(should)notquarreloversuchthingsagain.我的希望是我們不再為這樣的事情爭(zhēng)吵了。[易錯(cuò)提醒]當(dāng)suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。(2)在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形。常見(jiàn)的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞有：important，necessary，strange，suggested，ordered，advised，requested，demanded等。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我們每天打掃房間是有必要的。Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehour'sexerciseeveryday.中學(xué)生被要求每天至少進(jìn)行一個(gè)小時(shí)的鍛煉。(3)wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，had＋過(guò)去分詞和could/might/would＋動(dòng)詞原形，分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去相反的情況和與將來(lái)情況可能相反。IwishthatIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我倒希望昨天見(jiàn)到了那個(gè)影星。Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣就好了。(4)wouldrather所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus，butitisherchoice，andsheisnotachildanylonger.我們寧愿女兒待在家，陪在我們身邊，但是選擇權(quán)在她手上，畢竟她不再是個(gè)孩子了。2．三個(gè)固定句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬情況句式虛擬現(xiàn)在虛擬過(guò)去虛擬將來(lái)ifonly引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句過(guò)去式had＋過(guò)去分詞would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句及方式狀語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去式had＋過(guò)去分詞would/might/could＋動(dòng)詞原形Itis(high)timethat...過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你說(shuō)得好像是我打破的似的？Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.確實(shí)到了我們采取措施解決問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。Lookatthetroublewearein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher'sadvice！看看我們所處的困境。要是我們當(dāng)初聽(tīng)從老師的建議該多好！[易錯(cuò)提醒]當(dāng)asif/though引導(dǎo)的句子所敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)氣?！炯挤c(diǎn)撥】語(yǔ)法填空中對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查語(yǔ)法填空的一個(gè)完整句子中若沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，還要注意主謂一致和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查1．并列句中前后的時(shí)態(tài)如果不一致，就要考慮是否動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有錯(cuò)誤。2．主從句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，可以考慮主從句中的某處動(dòng)詞有錯(cuò)誤。3．前后句中的時(shí)態(tài)如果不一致，那么可以判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有問(wèn)題。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Asisknowntoall,thesun________(rise)intheeastand________(set)inthewestdayafterday.rises;sets[句意：眾所周知，太陽(yáng)東升西落，日復(fù)一日。表示客觀事實(shí)、客觀規(guī)律要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。]2．Tom________(cry)againandagainandwecan'tbearhimanymore.iscrying[句意：Tom一直在哭泣，我們?cè)僖踩淌懿涣怂?。進(jìn)行時(shí)與某些副詞連用可表示說(shuō)話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情，如厭惡、欣賞、欽佩等。]3．Ithasbeenthreeyearssincewe________(come)here.came[句意：自從我們來(lái)到這兒已經(jīng)三年了。since＋含有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子/表過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句或句子常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。]4．Bythetimehewasnine,Tom________(master)aforeignlanguage.hadmastered[句意：到九歲時(shí)，湯姆已經(jīng)精通了一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。bythetime表示“到……的時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。]5．ItisthefirsttimethatI________(go)abroad.havegone[句意：這是我第一次出國(guó)?！癟hat/This/Itisthefirst/second/third...time(that)...”句型中，從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。]6．Morethanonecustomer________(express)theirdissatisfactionwiththeserviceoftherestaurantsofar.hasexpressed[句意：到目前為止，不止一個(gè)顧客表達(dá)了他們對(duì)那家餐廳服務(wù)的不滿。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“sofar”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；“morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。]7．Putyourfingerintothewater.Ifit________(feel)toohot,poursomecoldwaterinit.feels[句意：把你的手指放進(jìn)水里。如果水太熱，就往里面倒一些涼水。感官動(dòng)詞feel不使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。此處描述一般事實(shí)，故句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Itisthesixthtimethatourgovernmentraisedloaninterestratesonpurposetocoolhousingprices. ________raised前加has[句意：這是我們的政府第六次有意提高貸款利率來(lái)遏制房?jī)r(jià)。在固定句型“Itis＋序數(shù)詞＋timethat...”中，that后的從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。]2．Foolswilllearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools. ________刪除will[題干中所敘述的是客觀真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。]3．Webroughtabout1，000booksand5,000yuantotheschool,whichdonatedbytheteachersandstudentsinourschool. ________which后加were[先行詞which指代主句中的1，000books和5，000yuan，與donate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。]4．Nevertheless,mylaterexperienceprovesthatpracticingcalligraphywasbothnecessaryandbeneficial. ________proves→proved[根據(jù)后面的was可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故將proves改為proved。]5．Bythetimeherealizeshewalkedintoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit. ________walked前加has[句意：在他意識(shí)到自己已經(jīng)走進(jìn)圈套時(shí)，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，已無(wú)能為力了。根據(jù)句意可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·河南階段性考試)Ithasbeen1．________(exact)oneyearsinceIreturnedfromSenegal.Volunteeringhashelpedmeunderstand2．________isimportanttomeandhowtoliveahappylife.Inthepast,I3．________(follow)thecommonpath:fromschooltouniversity.It'snotthatIdidn'tenjoytheseexperiences,butthatIhadbeenleddownthatpathbytheexpectationsfrommyparentsandteachersratherthanmyownambitions.Therefore,after4．________(graduate)fromuniversity,Idecidedtoachievesomethingmore5．________(benefit)—somethingthatwouldhelpthewidercommunity.6．________(apply)forInternationalCitizenService,thenIwenttoKaolack,SenegalwithYCareInternational,whereIworked7．________amemberofateamofUKandSenegalesevolunteershelpingimprovethelivesofthelocalyoungpeople.IspenttimeworkingontheAct2LiveProjectandassistingallkindsofsimilar8．________(organize)