2018-2017屆中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)《第11講詞語運用專題》講義

詞語運用;;【知識點睛】《義務(wù)教育新課程標準》對詞語運用試題的界定：,,,,要求初中畢業(yè)生能夠理解和領(lǐng)悟詞語的基本含義以及在特定語境中的意義；能夠了解常用語言形式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用表意功能；能夠根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息；掌握單詞、短語、習(xí)慣用語和固定搭配的使用等。詞語運用命題特點：近幾年，河南省中考英語詞語運用題，保持了應(yīng)用性、探究性、綜合性和時代性的特征，著重考查了學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)能力、綜合能力和書面表達能力。詞語運用題主要考查學(xué)生對知識應(yīng)用的熟練程度，對語言的遷移能力和對語言信息的綜合處理能力。題材：故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等?？疾旆秶航樵~、動詞、形容詞、連詞、代詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、習(xí)慣表達等，既注重語法知識和習(xí)慣用語的考查，又加強對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，同時強調(diào)了寫的成分。（具體見考點分布表）河南中考英語詞語運用題考點分布表：年份分類201620152014201320122011文體記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文記敘文詞數(shù)239230204192152197話題 講述了當(dāng)今社會人們把太多時間放在智能手機上，卻忽略真實生活中的人和事的現(xiàn)象講述了一種當(dāng)前最受歡迎的心形手勢高中的學(xué)生在奧克蘭的機場賣咖啡的故事講述了一個“以其人之道，還治其人之身”的故事邁克爾·杰克遜的經(jīng)歷和演唱生涯人生價值考點分布（分值）名詞222221代詞111111動詞333322形容詞22/212連詞111//1介詞/1/111副詞1/2121數(shù)詞//1/11（一）重點考查單詞拼寫、語言基礎(chǔ)知識，在考查詞匯的同時考查讀與寫的能力。這就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答題時除了考慮詞法、句法，還要研究語篇中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、銜接和連貫等問題。（二）以上表格顯示詞語運用主要考查包括名詞、動詞、副詞、連詞、代詞以及介詞等，基本包括所有詞類。文體方面主要是以記敘文為主。今年河南省中考英語詞語運用試題可能會延續(xù)以前的考查模式，設(shè)空時仍然會以名詞、動詞、形容詞等實詞為主，副詞等其他的虛詞也會有所涉及。（三）重視句子之中或句子與句子之間的聯(lián)系，側(cè)重所給詞的變化，如名詞、動詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、形容詞等形式上的變化。（四）試題選材符合考生的書面表達水平，文體偏重記敘文，以故事類的話題為主，短文內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。詞數(shù)在200左右。短文共設(shè)10個小題，每空一詞，第一句話一般不設(shè)空，試題力求答案的唯一性。詞語運用注意事項形式、詞法、句法、基礎(chǔ)知識詞語運用試題的做題步驟：1、跳過空格，通讀全文，了解大意。2、復(fù)讀全文，確定語義，判斷詞形。3、利用語境，確定詞形。4、復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案。詞語運用的關(guān)鍵：_________________1.定詞：_________________________________________________________________________2.變形：a._______________________________________________________________________b._______________________________________________________________________c._______________________________________________________________________d._______________________________________________________________________e._______________________________________________________________________一、定詞______________________

用方框內(nèi)所給的詞或短語進行填空，兩項多余。varioussimilarwithcarefamiliarintroubledestroymedicinesdependsonmachinesgetsTodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutrainforests.Areyou__________withthem?They’reinterestingandexcitingplaces!Manykindsoftheworld’splantsandanimalsliveintherainforests.However,rainforestsare__________now—theyaredisappearingveryfastbecausetheyarecutdownorburnteveryday.Asaresult,__________animalsandplantsaredyingout.Maybeyouhaveneverbeentoarainforest,sowhyshouldyouprotectthem___________?Rainforestsareimportanttoeveryone.Theyareimportantbecausetheplantsintherainforestsmakeoxygen.Weneedoxygentobreathe.Rainforestalsohelptocontroltheweather.Whentreesarecutdown,it_________hotter.Besides,onequarterofour__________comefromplants.Manyoftheseplantscanbefoundonlyinrainforests.Thereisalotthatwehavenotlearntaboutrainforests.Ifwe__________them,wewillneverfindout.Inmyopinion,ourfuture_____________savingtherainforests.Wemusttellmorepeoplehowimportantrainforestsaresothattheywillstopdoingharmtothem.Wemustprotecttherainforestsnow.Wehavetoactnowtosaveouronlyhome.二、變形______________________a.動詞—___________________________________________________________________“Whatistheboydoing?”Iaskedmyselfandlookedclosely.“Oh,heis_________(pick)upacoinfromtheground.”Whenhe________(stand)up,wesaweachother.Iaskedhimifhe________(need)somemoney.Hereplied,“No.That’sokay.”Fromhersadlook,SusienoticedthatMrs.Smithmust____________(cry)foralongtime.They___________(live)heresince2000.ThereisaGermanproverbthatsays,“Friendshipisaplantthatmustbe________(water).”ThebookwrittenbyLuXun________(sell)well.__________(think)abouttheconnections(聯(lián)系)betweenwordsmayhelpyoutorememberthem.Manychildrenareleftaloneinthecountryside.Let’stryourbest___________(help)them.Wouldyoupleasegivemeasmany___________(suggest)aspossible?Thewindow__________(break)byJimyesterdayhasbeenmended.Don’tyouseeaboy__________(run)towardsus?b.形容詞副詞—_____________________________________________________________Thesharkgotherleftarm,andhurther_________(bad).Luckily,shetriedherbestandswambacktotheland.Hefelt________(true)sorryforwhathesaid.Thiskindofcoffeetastesvery_________(well).Herlittledogdiedyesterday.Thismadehervery__________(happy).Apersonwhois__________(honest)alwaystellslies.Shedidn’tgiveupherdreamofbecomingasurfer,butshehadtopractice_________(hard)thanbefore.MaYun,headofAlibaba,isoneof_____________(rich)personsintheworld.There’snotmuch____________(different)inpricebetweenthetwomobilephones.c.名詞—___________________________________________________________________Allthoseforeign__________(thief)havebeencaught.Allparentsworryabouttheir_________(child)success.Doyouknowthegirl?Sheisafriendofmy_________(sister).Thestoryisreally__________(humor).Itmakesallofuslaughalot.Iwanttolearnhowtoeat__________(health).d.數(shù)詞—___________________________________________________________________MostpeoplespeakEnglishasa________(two)language.Two________(five)ofthestudentsinourclassareleaguemembers.Theygotothelibrary________(one)aweek.e.代詞—___________________________________________________________________MotheraskedtheGreenstohelp________(they)tosomepears.Myhobbyisreadingcomicbooks,whatabout________(you)?Thereisn’t____________(something)wrongwiththecomputer.f.介詞連詞【精講精練】A請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文。每個空只能填寫一個形式正確、意義相符的單詞。TheGreatWallisknownastheeighthwonderoftheworld.Everyyearthousandsoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometovisitthisplaceof1_______inChina.LastSaturdayIwenttotheGreatWall2________someofmyfriends.Itwasasunnyday.Onourwayup,wesawmanyvolunteerskeepingorderinthesun.Theyhelpedtheelderswiththeirbags,3_______photosforsometouristsandansweredpeople’squestions.Thoughtheyarevery4_______,theydidn’tstoptohavearest.Weweredeeplymovedwhenwesawthis.Justatthatmoment,wesaw5_______littleboystandingaloneandcrying.Wewentoverandaskedwhat6_______tohim.Fromhisanswerweknewthathecouldn’tfindhismother.Wetoldhimnotto7_______aboutitandthenwetriedtogetintouchwithhismotherwiththephonenumberhegaveus.Twentyminutes8_______,hismotherturnedup.Whenshesawherson,shewasveryexcitedandthanked9_______withtearsinhereyes.ThatdaywenotonlyenjoyedthebeautyoftheGreatWall,butalsofeltthewarmthofthesociety.10_______everyonecanreachoutahelpinghandtoothers,theworldarounduswillbemoreandmoreharmonious(和諧的).1.________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5.__________6.________ 7._________ 8._________ 9._________ 10._________B根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。（每空一詞）Frankwasacuriousboy.Thefirsttimehesawanhourglass(沙漏),hewonderedwhatitwas.Hismothersaid,“Anhourglassismadeinthes___11___of8.Thesandisputinatoneend,andrunsthroughasmallholeinthem___12___.Ittakesthesandexactlyanhourtorunthrough.”Frankw___13___thelittlestreamofsand.Hewasi___14___,becauseitwouldnotrunfaster.“Letmeshakeit,mother,”saidhe.“Itislazy,andwillnevergetthrough.”“Itwill,Son,”saidhismother.“Thesandmoveslittlebylittle,butitmovesallthetime.Whenyoulookatthehandsoftheclock,youthinktheygoverys___15___,buttheyneverstop.Whileyouareatplay,thesandisr___16___,grainbygrain.Thehandsoftheclockaremoving,secondbysecond.Atnight,thesandinthehourglasshasrunthroughtwelvetimes.Thehourhandoftheclockhasmoveda___17___itsgreatface.Thisisbecausetheykeepworkingeveryminute.Theydonotstoptot___18___howmuchtheyhavetodoandhowlongitwilltakethemtodoit.”Now,Frank’smotherwantedhimtolearnalittlepoem,buthesaid,“Mother,Icanneverlearni___19___.”Hismothersaid,“Studyallthetime.N___20___stoptoaskhowlongitwilltaketolearnit.”Frankfollowedhismother’sadvice.Hestudiedlineafterline,verybusily;andinoneandahalfhoursheknewthepoemperfectly.11.________ 12._________ 13._________ 14._________ 15.__________16.________ 17._________ 18._________ 19._________ 20.__________C用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每個詞限用一次。anothercarrycontrolhavelifewelltreesousualwildAnimalsareimportantinIndiancultureandaretreatedinaspecialway.Forexample,alotofelephantsaren’t21______.Theyaredomesticated(馴養(yǎng)的).Theyaren’tkeptaspets,butasworkinganimals.Everyworkingelephant22______itsownkeeper.Anelephantanditskeepermeetforthefirsttimewhentheyarebothyoung,andtheygrowuptogether.Infact,theirrelationshipcontinuesfortherestoftheelephant’s23______—perhaps40years.Lotsofelephantsworkintheforest,movingheavy24______whentheyarecutdown.Somegiveridestotourists,or25______peopleduringcelebrationsandfestivals.Keeperstakeexcellentcareoftheirelephants,feedingthem26______andgivingthemabathattheendoftheworkingday.27______specialanimalinIndiaisthecow.Cowsareprotectedanimals,28______theyaren’tkeptonfarmsorkilledforfood,althoughpeopledousetheirmilk.SoinIndiayoucanoftenseecowswalkingaroundtownsandcities,andnobodytries29______them.Iftheysitdowninthemiddleoftheroad,people30______drivearoundthem!Doyouthinkit’sinteresting?21.__________ 22.__________ 23.__________ 24.__________ 25.__________ 26.__________ 27.__________ 28.__________ 29.__________ 30.__________【參考答案】【知識點睛】詞語運用的關(guān)鍵：定詞變形1.定詞：動詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、感嘆詞2.變形：a.動詞：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、詞性變化等b.形容詞/副詞：詞性變化、反義詞、級別變化等c.名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格、詞性變化等d.數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞變化、單復(fù)數(shù)等