定語從句-vs-同位語從句

定語從句

vs

同位語從句

attributiveclausevsappositiveclause語法功能和概念先行詞引導詞1精選2021版課件語法功能和概念上的區(qū)別定語從句——形容詞性從句：

對先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征進行描述

與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關系（即修飾限定）同位語從句——名詞性從句：

對前面名詞進一步的補充性解釋說明

它與前面的名詞是同位關系，即前面名詞是從句的概括總結(jié)，從句是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容

名詞與該同位語從句有邏輯上的系表關系，可用“主+系+表”來構(gòu)成它們之間的邏輯關系，而定語從句與它所修飾的先行詞無法用be來構(gòu)成語法上的邏輯關系。（即解釋說明）2精選2021版課件語法功能和概念上的區(qū)別實例：＊Thereisafaintchancethatyouwillfindhimathome.若用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，則是“afaintchanceisthatyouwillfindhimathome”,這在邏輯上成立。實例：＊Itwasthechanceshehadbeenwaitingfor.而“thechanceisshehadbeenwaitingfor”這在邏輯上不成立。3精選2021版課件先行詞上的區(qū)別定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個主句。同位語從句的先行詞是抽象名詞，如：idea，news，answer，fact，hope，thought，belief，order，truth，possibility等。同位語從句的先行詞往往沒有復數(shù)形式實例：ThemessagesthathewouldteachusEnglishcheeredusupyesterday.（×）注意：stage,situation,point,case,position,condition等詞一般用where引導定語從句，表達“階段、情況”4精選2021版課件先行詞上的區(qū)別實例：①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate．②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed．③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody．④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant．在①句中，其先行詞是普通名詞boy，是定語從句，它不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在②句中，其先行詞是代詞those，是定語從句，代詞不能用作同位語從句的先行詞。在③句是同位語從句，其先行詞是名詞fact，它同樣可以用作定語從句的先行詞，④句便是一例。由以上分析可見，同位語從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語從句的先行詞，但定語從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語從句的先行詞。5精選2021版課件引導詞的區(qū)別定語從句和同位語從句共同的引導詞有四個：that，when，where，why。引導詞如how,whether,what可以引導同位語從句但不能引導定語從句。*Weareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.6精選2021版課件引導詞的區(qū)別1．引導詞that引導定語從句的that叫做關系代詞，它除了起連接作用，還在定語從句中充當成分（作賓語可省略），并且在意義上代表先行詞；引導同位語從句的that叫做從屬連詞，它只起連接作用且不可省略。實例：①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting．②No

one

can

deny

the

essential

fact

that

the

traffic

problem

over

the

last

years

has

caused

wide

pubic

concern

all

over

the

world.

①句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語，在意義上指代先行詞news。②句是同位語從句，that沒有任何意義，只起連接作用。7精選2021版課件引導詞的區(qū)別2．引導詞when，where，why引導定語從句時，它們叫做關系副詞，在從句中充當狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞＋關系代詞"的形式；引導同位語從句時，它們叫做連接副詞，在從句中充當狀語，但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞＋關系代詞"的形式People

will

always

keepinmind

the

time

when(=atwhich)

Hong

Kong

and

Macao

returned

to

our

motherland

.Peopletrappedintheroomhadnoideawheretheywerewhentheyregainedawareness.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,duringwhich(=when)thesailingtimewas226days.Forevergone

arethe

days

when(=onwhich)

the

Chinese

people

used

“foreign

oil”.Harmonious

interpersonal

relationship

is

the

primary

reason

why

I

enjoy

working

here.

8精選2021版課件小結(jié)功能和概念先行詞引導詞定語從句修飾限定名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why同位語從句解釋說明抽象名詞（可數(shù)名詞為單數(shù)）that,who,what,when,where,why,how,whether,what9精選2021版課件Translatesentencesbelow：1.This

was

the

period

when

Newton

began

the

research

which

resulted

in

the

creation

of

his

famous

Theory

of

Gravity.2.Hemadeapromisethatwhoevercouldsethimfree,hewouldshowhimallthetreasuresintheworld.3.AbrightideasuddenlystruckmethatIcouldusethemoneyIsavedtohelpapoorstudentinthecountryside.4.Although

he

is

a

green

hand,

he

has

enterprise

and

creativity

which

are

decisive

in

winning

success

in

the

field.

5.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasawolfinsheep′sclothing.6.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.10精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:1.Thereisnoobviousevidence_____thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A.whichB.thatC.howD.where2.I

can

think

of

many

cases

______students

obviously

know

a

lot

of

English

words

and

expressions

but

couldn’t

write

a

good

essay.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.atwhich11精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving12精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:4.

Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.

A.when

B.where

C.whatD.that5.Ofthetwobrothers,Billis_____youngerone,andheisaquiteboy,______thatmostadultslikeverymuch.A.a;oneB.a;theoneC.the;oneD.the;theone13精選2021版課件ThanksforlisteningLiving

without

an

aim

is

like

sailing

without

a

compass.

--

John

Ruskin

生活沒有目標，猶如航海沒有羅盤。--

羅斯金

Whatisyouraim?14精選2021版課件還可以說：Itstruck/hit/occurto/cometosbthat...都表達某人突然想到...*15精選2021版課件類似的用法還有：Thereisnodoubt/denying/possibility/chancethat...無疑/不可否認/不可能注意:固定搭配Itisnowonderthat...難怪Thereisnodenyingthatthephenomenonhasharmedalltheanimalsthattheearthisbecomingincreasinglywarm.*16精選2021版課件以下隱含有“地點”之意的詞如：point,situation,stage,position,case,condition常用where(=介詞+which)引導定語從句

The

treatment

will

continue

until

the

patient

reaches

the

point

________

he

can

walk

correctly

and

safely.

A.

when

B.

where

C.

which

D.

whose

*Thatisthepointthattheteacherwantstostress.*17精選2021版課件固定搭配The/Astorygoesthat...意為據(jù)說...=Itissaidthat...類似表達如：Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingthetown.Word/Newscamethatmostpeoplehadsurvivedtheaccident.*18精選2021版課件Is

this

factory_______

your

father

wo