標準解讀

GB/T 44257.1-2024是一項針對電動土方機械所使用動力電池的安全要求國家標準。本標準重點關注于確保此類機械設備的動力電池在設計、生產(chǎn)、使用及維護過程中的安全性，以預防事故、保護操作人員和環(huán)境。關鍵要點包括：

  1. 適用范圍：明確了該標準適用于電動土方機械（如電動挖掘機、裝載機等）所配備的動力電池系統(tǒng)，規(guī)定了其基本安全要求及測試方法。

  2. 電池系統(tǒng)安全設計：要求電池系統(tǒng)需具備過充保護、過放保護、短路保護、溫度控制及熱事件管理等功能，確保在各種異常工況下電池系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定與安全。

  3. 機械安全與防護：強調了電池包的外殼需有足夠的機械強度和耐久性，防止在碰撞、振動或跌落情況下受損，同時要求有良好的防水防塵性能，符合相應的防護等級標準。

  4. 電氣安全：規(guī)定了電池電氣連接的可靠性要求，以及絕緣電阻、電擊防護等電氣安全指標，確保電氣系統(tǒng)在正常及故障狀態(tài)下均能安全運行。

  5. 熱管理與防火：要求電池系統(tǒng)具備有效的熱管理系統(tǒng)，能夠監(jiān)控并調節(jié)電池溫度，以防熱失控。同時，需有防火隔離措施，減少火災風險。

  6. 標識與警示信息：標準中詳細說明了電池系統(tǒng)應攜帶的標識內容，包括但不限于安全警告、額定電壓/容量、生產(chǎn)日期等，以指導正確使用和維護。

  7. 測試與認證：確立了一系列檢驗和測試方法，用以驗證電池系統(tǒng)是否滿足上述各項安全要求，包括但不限于循環(huán)壽命測試、環(huán)境適應性測試、濫用測試等。

  8. 維護與回收：雖然此部分可能更多地出現(xiàn)在系列的其他部分，但安全要求也可能涵蓋電池的維護指南和報廢處理規(guī)定，確保整個生命周期的安全與環(huán)保。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權發(fā)布的權威標準文檔。

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ICS53.100

CCSP97

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T44257.1—2024

電動土方機械用動力電池

第1部分：安全要求

Tractionbatteryofelectricearth?movingmachinery—

Part1：Safetyrequirements

2024?07?24發(fā)布2024?07?24實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發(fā)布

GB/T44257.1—2024

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義··············································································································1

4符號和縮略語···········································································································2

5安全要求·················································································································2

6試驗條件·················································································································3

7試驗準備·················································································································4

8試驗方法·················································································································5

附錄A（規(guī)范性）熱擴散試驗·························································································18

附錄B（資料性）電池包或電池系統(tǒng)的典型結構·································································23

附錄C（規(guī)范性）電池包或電池系統(tǒng)絕緣電阻測試方法························································25

參考文獻····················································································································27

圖1一個溫度循環(huán)試驗示意圖························································································7

圖2設備電池包或電池系統(tǒng)隨機振動測試曲線···································································8

圖3機械沖擊脈沖容差范圍示意圖··················································································9

圖4模擬碰撞脈沖容差范圍示意圖················································································10

圖5擠壓板形式一示意圖····························································································11

圖6擠壓板形式二示意圖····························································································11

圖7溫濕度循環(huán)········································································································12

圖8外部火燒示意圖··································································································13

圖9耐火隔板的尺寸和技術數(shù)據(jù)···················································································14

圖10溫度沖擊試驗示意圖···························································································14

圖11鹽霧試驗循環(huán)····································································································15

圖A.1內部加熱觸發(fā)電池單體頂蓋的出線孔位置示意圖·····················································20

圖A.2加熱裝置布置及其連接導線引出示意圖·································································21

圖A.3針刺觸發(fā)時溫度傳感器的布置位置示意圖······························································21

圖A.4外部加熱觸發(fā)時溫度傳感器的布置位置示意圖························································21

圖A.5內部加熱觸發(fā)時溫度傳感器的布置位置示意圖························································21

圖B.1電池包典型結構································································································23

圖B.2含集成電池控制單元的電池系統(tǒng)典型結構·······························································24

Ⅰ

GB/T44257.1—2024

圖B.3外置集成電池控制單元的電池系統(tǒng)典型結構····························································24

圖C.1絕緣電阻測量步驟1··························································································25

圖C.2絕緣電阻測量步驟2··························································································26

表1溫度循環(huán)試驗的一個循環(huán)溫度和時間·········································································6

表2電池包或電池系統(tǒng)的振動測試條件············································································7

表3機械沖擊測試參數(shù)·································································································8

表4機械沖擊脈沖容差范圍···························································································9

表5模擬碰撞脈沖容差范圍·························································································10

表A.1熱擴散分析與驗證報告詳細內容··········································································18

表A.2加熱裝置功率選擇····························································································19

表A.3加熱片規(guī)格說明及使用指南················································································20

Ⅱ

GB/T44257.1—2024

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/T44257《電動土方機械用動力電池》的第1部分。GB/T44257已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以下

部分：

——第1部分：安全要求；

——第2部分：電性能要求。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由中國機械工業(yè)聯(lián)合會提出。

本文件由全國土方機械標準化技術委員會（SAC/TC334）歸口。

本文件起草單位：寧德時代新能源科技股份有限公司、江蘇徐工工程機械研究院有限公司、廣西柳

工機械股份有限公司、陜西同力重工新能源智能科技有限公司、博雷頓科技股份公司、億恩新動力科技

（山東）有限公司、天津工程機械研究院有限公司、廈門廈工機械股份有限公司、上海啟源芯動力科技有

限公司、江蘇遠航錦鋰新能源科技有限公司、內蒙古北方重型汽車股份有限公司、臨沂臨工新能源科技

有限公司、惠州億緯鋰能股份有限公司、中鐵十四局集團裝備有限公司、湖南湘電綠能智控有限公司、

微宏動力系統(tǒng)（湖州）有限公司、海斯特美科斯叉車（浙江）有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：吳凱、肖鵬輝、趙明、黃向榮、張悅、劉延剛、陳寶慶、王俊燕、羅浩亮、黃昆杰、

李來平、薛偉、徐宇虹、李東升、孫衛(wèi)陽、肖寧強、周德峰、蔣于偉、陳世龍、王金路。

Ⅲ

GB/T44257.1—2024

引言

GB/T44257《電動土方機械用動力電池》是指導我國電動土方機械用動力電池安全可靠性的基礎

性和通用性標準。GB/T44257旨在確立適用于土方機械用動力電池產(chǎn)品相關的通用性安全要求以及

電性能要求，擬由兩個部分構成。

——第1部分：安全要求。目的在于確立適用于電動土方機械行業(yè)用動力鋰離子電池的安全

要求。

——第2部分：電性能要求。目的在于確立適用于電動土方機械用動力鋰離子電池的電性能

要求。

第1部分和第2部分配合使用，以便更好地滿足電動土方機械行業(yè)使用要求。

Ⅳ

GB/T44257.1—2024

電動土方機械用動力電池

第1部分：安全要求

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了電動土方機械用動力電池單體、電池包或電池系統(tǒng)的安全要求，描述了相關試驗

方法。

本文件適用于電動土方機械用動力鋰離子電池的制造，其他類型動力電池的制造參照執(zhí)行。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T2423.4電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗第2部分：試驗方法試驗Db：交變濕熱（12h+12h

循環(huán)）

GB/T2423.17電工電子產(chǎn)品環(huán)境試驗第2部分：試驗方法試驗Ka：鹽霧

GB/T2423.43電工

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