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第五章四邊形章節(jié)測(cè)試(時(shí)間:90分鐘滿(mǎn)分:120分)一、選擇題(本大題共10小題,每小題3分,共30分.在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的)1.(2023·湖南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在四邊形ABCD中,BC∥AD,添加下列條件,不能判定四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形的是()A.AB=CD B.AB∥CD C.∠A=∠C D.BC=AD【答案】A【分析】依據(jù)平行四邊形的判定,依次分析判斷即可得出結(jié)果.【詳解】解:A、當(dāng)BC∥AD,AB=CD時(shí),不能判定四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,故此選項(xiàng)符合題意;B、當(dāng)AB∥CD,BC∥AD時(shí),依據(jù)兩組對(duì)邊分別平行的四邊形是平行四邊形,能判定四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意;C、當(dāng)BC∥AD,∠A=∠C時(shí),可推出AB∥DC,依據(jù)兩組對(duì)邊分別平行的四邊形是平行四邊形,能判定四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意;D、當(dāng)BC∥AD,BC=AD時(shí),依據(jù)一組對(duì)邊平行且相等的四邊形是平行四邊形,能判定四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,故此選項(xiàng)不合題意;故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】此題考查了平行四邊形的判定,解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵要熟記平行四邊形的判定方法.2.(2023·湖南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,菱形SKIPIF1<0中,連接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為(
)
A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)菱形的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而即可求解.【詳解】解:∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了菱形的性質(zhì),熟練掌握是菱形的性質(zhì)解題的關(guān)鍵.3.(2023·湖南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,若添加一個(gè)條件,使四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平形四邊形,則下列正確的是(
)
A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】根據(jù)平行四邊形的判定定理逐項(xiàng)分析判斷即可求解.【詳解】解:A.根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不能判斷四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平形四邊形,故該選項(xiàng)不正確,不符合題意;
B.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,不能判斷四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平形四邊形,故該選項(xiàng)不正確,不符合題意;
C.根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,不能判斷四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平形四邊形,故該選項(xiàng)不正確,不符合題意;
D.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0為平形四邊形,故該選項(xiàng)正確,符合題意;故選:D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行四邊形的判定定理,熟練掌握平行四邊形的判定定理是解題的關(guān)鍵.4.(2023·湖南常德·統(tǒng)考中考真題)下列命題正確的是(
)A.正方形的對(duì)角線(xiàn)相等且互相平分 B.對(duì)角互補(bǔ)的四邊形是平行四邊形C.矩形的對(duì)角線(xiàn)互相垂直 D.一組鄰邊相等的四邊形是菱形【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)正方形、平行四邊形、矩形、菱形的各自性質(zhì)和構(gòu)成條件進(jìn)行判斷即可.【詳解】A、正方形的對(duì)角線(xiàn)相等且互相垂直平分,描述正確;B、對(duì)角互補(bǔ)的四邊形不一定是平行四邊形,只是內(nèi)接于圓,描述錯(cuò)誤;C、矩形的對(duì)角線(xiàn)不一定垂直,但相等,描述錯(cuò)誤;D、一組鄰邊相等的平行四邊形才構(gòu)成菱形,描述錯(cuò)誤.故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查平行四邊形、矩形、菱形、正方形的性質(zhì)和判定,解題的關(guān)鍵是熟悉掌握各類(lèi)特殊四邊形的判定和性質(zhì).5.(2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)角線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的平分線(xiàn)與邊SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為()
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)平行四邊形的性質(zhì)、平行線(xiàn)的性質(zhì)、角平分線(xiàn)的定義以及等腰三角形的判定可得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而可得SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)三角形的中位線(xiàn)解答即可.【詳解】解:∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0;故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行四邊形的性質(zhì)、平行線(xiàn)的性質(zhì)、等腰三角形的判定以及三角形的中位線(xiàn)定理等知識(shí),熟練掌握相關(guān)圖形的判定與性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵.6.(2023·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題)在四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0.下列說(shuō)法能使四邊形SKIPIF1<0為矩形的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】結(jié)合平行四邊形的判定和性質(zhì)及矩形的判定逐一分析即可.【詳解】A:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形而非矩形故A不符合題意B:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0為平行四邊形而非矩形故B不符合題意C:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0為矩形故C符合題意D:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0不是平行四邊形也不是矩形故D不符合題意故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查平行線(xiàn)的性質(zhì),平行四邊形的判定和性質(zhì)及矩形的判定等知識(shí),熟練掌握以上知識(shí)并靈活運(yùn)用是解題的關(guān)鍵.7.(2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,正五邊形SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)接于SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)
A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】先計(jì)算正五邊形的內(nèi)角,再計(jì)算正五邊形的中心角,作差即可.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故選D.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了正五邊形的外角,內(nèi)角,中心角的計(jì)算,熟練掌握計(jì)算公式是解題的關(guān)鍵.8.(2021·安徽中考真題)在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,分別過(guò)點(diǎn)B,C作SKIPIF1<0平分線(xiàn)的垂線(xiàn),垂足分別為點(diǎn)D,E,BC的中點(diǎn)是M,連接CD,MD,ME.則下列結(jié)論錯(cuò)誤的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】設(shè)AD、BC交于點(diǎn)H,作SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)F,連接EF.延長(zhǎng)AC與BD并交于點(diǎn)G.由題意易證SKIPIF1<0,從而證明ME為SKIPIF1<0中位線(xiàn),即SKIPIF1<0,故判斷B正確;又易證SKIPIF1<0,從而證明D為BG中點(diǎn).即利用直角三角形斜邊中線(xiàn)等于斜邊一半即可求出SKIPIF1<0,故判斷C正確;由SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0可證明SKIPIF1<0.再由SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0可推出SKIPIF1<0,即推出SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故判斷D正確;假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,可推出SKIPIF1<0,即可推出SKIPIF1<0.由于無(wú)法確定SKIPIF1<0的大小,故SKIPIF1<0不一定成立,故可判斷A錯(cuò)誤.【詳解】如圖,設(shè)AD、BC交于點(diǎn)H,作SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)F,連接EF.延長(zhǎng)AC與BD并交于點(diǎn)G.∵AD是SKIPIF1<0的平分線(xiàn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴HC=HF,∴AF=AC.∴在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∠AEC=∠AEF=90°,∴C、E、F三點(diǎn)共線(xiàn),∴點(diǎn)E為CF中點(diǎn).∵M(jìn)為BC中點(diǎn),∴ME為SKIPIF1<0中位線(xiàn),∴SKIPIF1<0,故B正確,不符合題意;∵在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即D為BG中點(diǎn).∵在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故C正確,不符合題意;∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∵AD是SKIPIF1<0的平分線(xiàn),∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故D正確,不符合題意;∵假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0.∵無(wú)法確定SKIPIF1<0的大小,故原假設(shè)不一定成立,故A錯(cuò)誤,符合題意.故選A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查角平分線(xiàn)的性質(zhì),三角形全等的判定和性質(zhì),直角三角形的性質(zhì),三角形中位線(xiàn)的判定和性質(zhì)以及含SKIPIF1<0角的直角三角形的性質(zhì)等知識(shí),較難.正確的作出輔助線(xiàn)是解答本題的關(guān)鍵.9.(2021·安徽中考真題)如圖,在菱形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,過(guò)菱形ABCD的對(duì)稱(chēng)中心O分別作邊AB,BC的垂線(xiàn),交各邊于點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,H,則四邊形EFGH的周長(zhǎng)為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】依次求出OE=OF=OG=OH,利用勾股定理得出EF和OE的長(zhǎng),即可求出該四邊形的周長(zhǎng).【詳解】∵HF⊥BC,EG⊥AB,∴∠BEO=∠BFO=90°,∵∠A=120°,∴∠B=60°,∴∠EOF=120°,∠EOH=60°,由菱形的對(duì)邊平行,得HF⊥AD,EG⊥CD,因?yàn)镺點(diǎn)是菱形ABCD的對(duì)稱(chēng)中心,∴O點(diǎn)到各邊的距離相等,即OE=OF=OG=OH,∴∠OEF=∠OFE=30°,∠OEH=∠OHE=60°,∴∠HEF=∠EFG=∠FGH=∠EHG=90°,所以四邊形EFGH是矩形;設(shè)OE=OF=OG=OH=x,∴EG=HF=2x,SKIPIF1<0,如圖,連接AC,則AC經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)O,可得三角形ABC是等邊三角形,∴∠BAC=60°,AC=AB=2,∴OA=1,∠AOE=30°,∴AE=SKIPIF1<0,∴x=OE=SKIPIF1<0∴四邊形EFGH的周長(zhǎng)為EF+FG+GH+HE=SKIPIF1<0,故選A.
【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了菱形的性質(zhì)、矩形的判定與性質(zhì)、等邊三角形的判定與性質(zhì)、勾股定理、直角三角形的性質(zhì)等內(nèi)容,要求學(xué)生在理解相關(guān)概念的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用,能分析并綜合運(yùn)用相關(guān)條件完成線(xiàn)段關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)換,考查了學(xué)生的綜合分析與應(yīng)用的能力.10.(2021·重慶中考真題)如圖,把含30°的直角三角板PMN放置在正方形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,直角頂點(diǎn)P在正方形ABCD的對(duì)角線(xiàn)BD上,點(diǎn)M,N分別在AB和CD邊上,MN與BD交于點(diǎn)O,且點(diǎn)O為MN的中點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù)為()A.60° B.65° C.75° D.80°【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)斜邊中線(xiàn)等于斜邊一半,求出∠MPO=30°,再求出∠MOB和∠OMB的度數(shù),即可求出SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù).【詳解】解:∵四邊形ABCD是正方形中,∴∠MBO=∠NDO=45°,∵點(diǎn)O為MN的中點(diǎn)∴OM=ON,∵∠MPN=90°,∴OM=OP,∴∠PMN=∠MPO=30°,∴∠MOB=∠MPO+∠PMN=60°,∴∠BMO=180°-60°-45°=75°,SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了正方形的性質(zhì)和直角三角形的性質(zhì)、等腰三角形的性質(zhì),解題關(guān)鍵是熟練運(yùn)用相關(guān)性質(zhì),根據(jù)角的關(guān)系進(jìn)行計(jì)算.二、填空題(本大題共10小題,每小題3分,共30分)11.(2023·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題)五邊形的內(nèi)角和是________度.【答案】540【分析】根據(jù)n邊形內(nèi)角和為SKIPIF1<0求解即可.【詳解】五邊形的內(nèi)角和是SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:540.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查求多邊形的內(nèi)角和.掌握n邊形內(nèi)角和為SKIPIF1<0是解題關(guān)鍵.12.(2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.請(qǐng)?zhí)砑右粋€(gè)條件:______,使四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.
【答案】SKIPIF1<0(荅案不唯一)【分析】根據(jù)題意,先證明四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,可得四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.【詳解】解:添加條件SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.添加條件SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.添加條件SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.添加條件SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴四邊形SKIPIF1<0成為菱形.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0等).【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行四邊形的判定,菱形的判定,熟練掌握菱形的判定定理是解題的關(guān)鍵.13.(2021·浙江麗水市·中考真題)一個(gè)多邊形過(guò)頂點(diǎn)剪去一個(gè)角后,所得多邊形的內(nèi)角和為SKIPIF1<0,則原多邊形的邊數(shù)是__________.【答案】6或7【分析】求出新的多邊形為6邊形,則可推斷原來(lái)的多邊形可以是6邊形,可以是7邊形.【詳解】解:由多邊形內(nèi)角和,可得(n-2)×180°=720°,∴n=6,∴新的多邊形為6邊形,∵過(guò)頂點(diǎn)剪去一個(gè)角,∴原來(lái)的多邊形可以是6邊形,也可以是7邊形,故答案為6或7.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查多邊形的內(nèi)角和;熟練掌握多邊形的內(nèi)角和與多邊形的邊數(shù)之間的關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵.14.(2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州市·中考真題)如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,矩形SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)D、E在SKIPIF1<0上,點(diǎn)F、G分別在SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0上,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為_(kāi)_______.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)矩形的性質(zhì)得到GF∥AB,證明△CGF∽△CAB,可得SKIPIF1<0,證明△ADG≌△BEF,得到AD=BE=SKIPIF1<0,在△BEF中,利用勾股定理求出x值即可.【詳解】解:∵DE=2EF,設(shè)EF=x,則DE=2x,∵四邊形DEFG是矩形,∴GF∥AB,∴△CGF∽△CAB,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴AD+BE=AB-DE=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∵AC=BC,∴∠A=∠B,又DG=EF,∠ADG=∠BEF=90°,∴△ADG≌△BEF(AAS),∴AD=BE=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,在△BEF中,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得:x=SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍),∴EF=SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),矩形的性質(zhì),勾股定理,全等三角形的判定和性質(zhì),等邊對(duì)等角,解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)得到AB的長(zhǎng).15.(2023·山東臨沂·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,三角形紙片SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,分別沿與SKIPIF1<0平行的方向,從靠近A的AB邊的三等分點(diǎn)剪去兩個(gè)角,得到的平行四邊形紙片的周長(zhǎng)是____________.
【答案】14【分析】由平行四邊形的性質(zhì)推出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,利用相似三角形的性質(zhì)求解即可.【詳解】解:如圖,由題意得SKIPIF1<0,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,
∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0平行四邊形,∴平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0紙片的周長(zhǎng)是SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:14.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行四邊形的性質(zhì),相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題.16.(2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在菱形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為_(kāi)__________.
【答案】10【分析】由菱形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,易證得SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,根據(jù)等邊三角形的性質(zhì)即可得解.【詳解】解:∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0是等邊三角形,∴SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:10.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了菱形的性質(zhì),等邊三角形的判定與性質(zhì),熟記菱形的性質(zhì)并推出等邊三角形是解題的關(guān)鍵.17.(2020?陜西)如圖,在正五邊形ABCDE中,DM是邊CD的延長(zhǎng)線(xiàn),連接BD,則∠BDM的度數(shù)是.【分析】根據(jù)正五邊形的性質(zhì)和內(nèi)角和為540°,求得每個(gè)內(nèi)角的度數(shù)為108°,再結(jié)合等腰三角形和鄰補(bǔ)角的定義即可解答.【解析】因?yàn)槲暹呅蜛BCDE是正五邊形,所以∠C=(5?2)?180°5=所以∠BDC=180°?108°2=所以∠BDM=180°﹣36°=144°,故答案為:144°.18.(2020?營(yíng)口)如圖,在菱形ABCD中,對(duì)角線(xiàn)AC,BD交于點(diǎn)O,其中OA=1,OB=2,則菱形ABCD的面積為.【分析】根據(jù)菱形的面積等于對(duì)角線(xiàn)之積的一半可得答案.【解析】∵OA=1,OB=2,∴AC=2,BD=4,∴菱形ABCD的面積為12×2故答案為:4.19.(2021·云南中考真題)如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)F,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)是______.【答案】9【分析】根據(jù)中位線(xiàn)定理得到DE=SKIPIF1<0AB,DE∥AB,從而證明△DEF∽△ABF,得到SKIPIF1<0,求出EF,可得BE.【詳解】解:∵點(diǎn)D,E分別為BC和AC中點(diǎn),∴DE=SKIPIF1<0AB,DE∥AB,∴△DEF∽△ABF,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵BF=6,∴EF=3,∴BE=6+3=9,故答案為:9.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了三角形中位線(xiàn)定理,相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)中位線(xiàn)的性質(zhì)證明△DEF∽△ABF.20.(2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題)如圖,在菱形SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)E,F(xiàn),G,H分別是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0上的點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,若菱形的面積等于24,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0___________________.
【答案】6【分析】連接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)O,由題意易得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,然后可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)可進(jìn)行求解.【詳解】解:連接SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)O,如圖所示:
∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,同理可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,同理可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;故答案為6.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查相似三角形的性質(zhì)與判定及菱形的性質(zhì),熟練掌握菱形的性質(zhì)及相似三角形的性質(zhì)與判定是解題的關(guān)鍵.三、解答題(本大題共8小題,共66分.解答應(yīng)寫(xiě)出文字說(shuō)明、證明過(guò)程或演算步驟)21.(2023·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題)在平行四邊形SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)E、F分別在邊SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0.求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【分析】平行四邊形的性質(zhì)得到SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而推出SKIPIF1<0,得到四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,即可得到SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查平行四邊形的判定和性質(zhì).熟練掌握平行四邊形的判定方法,是解題的關(guān)鍵.22.(2021·重慶中考真題)如圖,四邊形ABCD為平行四邊形,連接AC,且SKIPIF1<0.請(qǐng)用尺規(guī)完成基本作圖:作出SKIPIF1<0的角平分線(xiàn)與BC交于點(diǎn)E.連接BD交AE于點(diǎn)F,交AC于點(diǎn)O,猜想線(xiàn)段BF和線(xiàn)段DF的數(shù)量關(guān)系,并證明你的猜想.(尺規(guī)作圖保留作圖痕跡,不寫(xiě)作法)【答案】作圖見(jiàn)解析,猜想:DF=3BF,證明見(jiàn)解析.【分析】根據(jù)角平分線(xiàn)的作法作出SKIPIF1<0的角平分線(xiàn)即可;由平行四邊形的性質(zhì)可得出SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,由AC=2AB得出AO=AB,由等腰三角形的性質(zhì)得出SKIPIF1<0,從而可得出結(jié)論.【詳解】解:如圖,AE即為SKIPIF1<0的角平分線(xiàn),猜想:DF=3BF證明:∵四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形∴AO=CO,BO=DO∴SKIPIF1<0∵AC=2AB∴AO=AB∵AE是SKIPIF1<0的角平分線(xiàn)∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】此題主要考查了基本作圖,等腰三角形的性質(zhì)以及平行四邊形的性質(zhì),熟練掌握相關(guān)性質(zhì)是解答此題的關(guān)鍵.23.(2021·四川廣安市·中考真題)如圖,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是菱形,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別在邊SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線(xiàn)上,且SKIPIF1<0.連接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0.求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】見(jiàn)解析【分析】根據(jù)菱形的性質(zhì)得到BC=CD,∠ADC=∠ABC,根據(jù)SAS證明△BEC≌△DFC,可得CE=CF.【詳解】解:∵四邊形ABCD是菱形,∴BC=CD,∠ADC=∠ABC,∴∠CDF=∠CBE,在△BEC和△DFC中,SKIPIF1<0,∴△BEC≌△DFC(SAS),∴CE=CF.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了菱形的性質(zhì),全等三角形的判定和性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)菱形得到判定全等的條件.24.(2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題)學(xué)習(xí)了平行四邊形后,小虹進(jìn)行了拓展性研究.她發(fā)現(xiàn),如果作平行四邊形一條對(duì)角線(xiàn)的垂直平分線(xiàn),那么這個(gè)平行四邊形的一組對(duì)邊截垂直平分線(xiàn)所得的線(xiàn)段被垂足平分.她的解決思路是通過(guò)證明對(duì)應(yīng)線(xiàn)段所在的兩個(gè)三角形全等得出結(jié)論.請(qǐng)根據(jù)她的思路完成以下作圖與填空:用直尺和圓規(guī),作SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分線(xiàn)交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)E,交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)F,垂足為點(diǎn)O.(只保留作圖痕跡)
已知:如圖,四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,SKIPIF1<0是對(duì)角線(xiàn),SKIPIF1<0垂直平分SKIPIF1<0,垂足為點(diǎn)O.求證:SKIPIF1<0.證明:∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0①.∵SKIPIF1<0垂直平分SKIPIF1<0,∴②.又SKIPIF1<0___________③.∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0.小虹再進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),過(guò)平行四邊形對(duì)角線(xiàn)SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn)的直線(xiàn)與平行四邊形一組對(duì)邊相交形成的線(xiàn)段均有此特征.請(qǐng)你依照題意完成下面命題:過(guò)平行四邊形對(duì)角線(xiàn)中點(diǎn)的直線(xiàn)④.【答案】作圖:見(jiàn)解析;SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0;被平行四邊形一組對(duì)邊所截,截得的線(xiàn)段被對(duì)角線(xiàn)中點(diǎn)平分【分析】根據(jù)線(xiàn)段垂直平分線(xiàn)的畫(huà)法作圖,再推理證明即可并得到結(jié)論.【詳解】解:如圖,即為所求;
證明:∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0垂直平分SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0;由此得到命題:過(guò)平行四邊形對(duì)角線(xiàn)中點(diǎn)的直線(xiàn)被平行四邊形一組對(duì)邊所截,截得的線(xiàn)段被對(duì)角線(xiàn)中點(diǎn)平分,故答案為:被平行四邊形一組對(duì)邊所截,截得的線(xiàn)段被對(duì)角線(xiàn)中點(diǎn)平分.【點(diǎn)睛】此題考查了平行四邊形的性質(zhì),作線(xiàn)段的垂直平分線(xiàn),全等三角形的判定和性質(zhì),熟練掌握平行四邊形的性質(zhì)及線(xiàn)段垂直平分線(xiàn)的作圖方法是解題的關(guān)鍵.25.(2021·四川遂寧市·中考真題)如圖,在平行四邊形ABCD中,對(duì)角線(xiàn)AC與BD相交于點(diǎn)O,過(guò)點(diǎn)O的直線(xiàn)EF與BA、DC的延長(zhǎng)線(xiàn)分別交于點(diǎn)E、F.(1)求證:AE=CF;(2)請(qǐng)?jiān)偬砑右粋€(gè)條件,使四邊形BFDE是菱形,并說(shuō)明理由.【答案】(1)見(jiàn)解析;(2)EF⊥BD或EB=ED,見(jiàn)解析【分析】(1)根據(jù)平行四邊形的性質(zhì)和全等三角形的證明方法證明SKIPIF1<0,則可得到AE=CF;(2)連接BF,DE,由SKIPIF1<0,得到OE=OF,又AO=CO,所以四邊形AECF是平行四邊形,則根據(jù)EF⊥BD可得四邊形BFDE是菱形.【詳解】證明:(1)∵四邊形SKIPIF1<0是平行四邊形∴OA=OC,
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