Unit4HistoryandTraditionsReadingandThinking課件高中英語人教版22

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsPeriod2ReadingandThinking課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Newwordskingdomn.王國；領(lǐng)域acountry，state，orterritoryruledbyakingorqueenanimalkingdom動物界unitedkingdom聯(lián)合王國(英國)chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的n.(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)；酋長

aleaderorrulerofapeopleorclanchiefexecutive行政長官inchief主要地，尤其puzzlen.謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑Ifsomethingpuzzlesyou，youdonotunderstanditandfeelconfused.jigsawpuzzle七巧板；智力拼圖玩具crosswordpuzzle縱橫字謎游戲nearbyadj.附近的；鄰近的adv.在附近nearinposition；notfarawaycurrencyn.通貨；貨幣thesystemofmoneythatacountryusesforeigncurrency外幣currencyexchange貨幣兌換；外匯兌換militaryadj.軍事的；軍用的connectedwithsoldiersorthearmedforcesmilitarytraining軍事訓(xùn)練；軍訓(xùn)militaryaffairs軍事；軍務(wù)defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)theactionofdefendingfromorresistingattackdefenceforces國防軍nationaldefence國防legaladj.法律的；合法的connectedwiththelawlegalprotection法律保護(hù)；合法保護(hù)legalsystem法律制度surroundvt.圍繞；包圍tobeallaroundsth/sbsurroundspeaker環(huán)繞聲音箱surroundsound環(huán)繞立體聲evidence

n.證據(jù)；證明thefacts，signsorobjectsthatmakeyoubelievethatsthistruegiveevidence作證inevidence明顯的achievementn.成就；成績；達(dá)到athingthatsbhasdonesuccessfully，especiallyusingtheirowneffortandskillOutstandingachievement業(yè)績；杰出成就academicachievement學(xué)業(yè)成就；學(xué)業(yè)成績課文呈現(xiàn)Learnaboutacountrythroughitshistory1Beforeyouread,discussthequestionsinpairs.Lookatthemapbelow.WhatdoesitshowWhatisitusedforThemapshowstheBritishIsles，theislandswhichmakeuptheGreatBritain(England，Scotland，andWales)andIreland(IrelandandNorthernIreland).ItisusedtoshowthefourdifferentcountriesthatmakeuptheUKandsomeofthemajorcities.2Readthetextandanswerthequestions.1WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomWhichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether2Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryReadamapWhenyoulookatamap，thinkfirstaboutwhatthemapshowsandwhatthesymbolsmean.1WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomWhichtwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogetherThefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdomareEngland，Wales，ScotlandandNorthernIreland.EnglandandWaleswerethefirsttwotobejoinedtogether.2Accordingtothetext，whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryThetwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountryaretohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditionsandtomakevisitingitmoreenjoyable.WHAT′SINANAMETheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England-manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifanyGettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However，theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample，England，Wales，Scotland，andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions，liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore，whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup，theRomans，cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next，theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.TheyconqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.3Readagainandsortouttheinformationaccordingtothetimeline.When?Whathappened?Whatchanged?________Romansarrived_______________________Anglo-Saxonscame_______________________Vikingscame_______________1thcentury5thcentury6thcenturylanguageandwayhouseswerebuilttownsandroadsvocabularyandnamesoflocationsacrosstheUKWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?11thcentury_________________________________________________________________________________________________________16thcentury_____________________________________________NormansconqueredEnglandaftertheBattleofHastingscastlesbuilt,legalsystemchanged,andnewwordsfromFrenchintroducedWaleswasjoinedtoKingdomofEnglandWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?18thcentury___________________________________________________________________________________________19thcentury___________________________________________________________________________ScotlandwasjoinedtoEnglandandWalesIrelandwasadded“KingdomofGreatBritain”formed/created“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland”formed/createdWhen?Whathappened?Whatchanged?20thcentury__________________________________________________________________________________________thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawaynamechangedto“UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland”4CompletetheconversationabouttheUKusingthephrasesintheircorrectforms.aswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：IcanneverrememberwhattheUKmeans!There′sEngland，Britain，_________GreatBritain!B：Well，ithelpsifyourememberthattherearefourcountriesthat___________theUK.That′swhyit′scalledtheUnitedKingdom.aswellasbelongtoaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：FourcountriesImusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass!SothefirstcountrywasEngland，andtheotherswere__________thatB：Yes，right，F(xiàn)irstEngland，thenWales，thenScotland，ThelastcountrywasIreland，butlaterthesouthernhalfdidn′twanttobe___________theUnitedKingdom.addedtojoinedtoaswellasbelongtoaddtojointobreakawaykeepyoureyesopenA：Oh，Iremembernow!Thesouthernpart___________fromNorthernIreland，rightB：Yes，yougotitwellremembered!But__________________inhistoryclassnexttime!keepyoureyesopenbrokeaway5Discussthequestionsingroups.1Whyisitimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingit2WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChina1WhyisitimportanttostudythehistoryandcultureofacountrybeforevisitingitStudyingacountry′shistoryandculturebeforevisitingitisimportantbecauseitwillhelpyouunderstandtheplacebetterandhaveamoreenjoyableexperience.2WhatimportantthingsshouldvisitorsknowaboutbeforetheycometoChinaVisitorstoChinashouldknowsomethingaboutthehistoryofthecountryandabouttheculturaltraditionsoftheareabeingvisited，suchasthefoodeaten，orthefestivalscelebratedthere.考點(diǎn)精講1.

puzzlen．謎；智力游戲；疑問vt.迷惑；使困惑Eg.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle．了解一點(diǎn)英國歷史將有助于你解決這個(gè)難題。(1)beinapuzzle

感到困惑beapuzzletosb．

對某人來說是個(gè)謎(2)puzzleabout/over 苦苦思考(3)puzzledadj．

困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzlingadj．

令人迷惑不解的①Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened．令我感到困惑的這個(gè)事故是怎么發(fā)生的。②I′minapuzzleastohowtogetalongwithhim．對如何和他相處使我感到困惑。既學(xué)既練①Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatest___________(puzzle)inourlife．②Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzle_______me．——單句語法填空puzzlesto③Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzling___________how

tosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．④The___________lookonherfacesuggestedshewas

__________overthe__________maths

problem．

(puzzle)about/overpuzzledpuzzlingpuzzling2.

join...to...把…和…連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來Eg.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．16世紀(jì)，附近的威爾士并入英格蘭王國。(1)jointhearmy/club

參軍/加入俱樂部joinin 參加(比賽、活動等)(2)connect···with··· 把···和···聯(lián)系起來①Theisland，joinedtothemainlandbyabridge，iseasytogo．島上有一座橋與大陸相連，去那里很方便.②PeopleallovertheworldusuallyconnectChinawithsilkandgoodfood．世界各地的人們通常把中國與絲綢和美食聯(lián)系在一起.鏈接寫作——完成句子①Itissaidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshave______________________(參加討論)．②AsfarasIknow，itisfiveyearssincehe____________________________(參軍)．joinedinthediscussionjoinedthearmy3.

breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫Eg.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK，whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland．最后，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭南部脫離英國，這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。breakdown

損壞；發(fā)生故障；分解；累垮breakinto 破門而入breakout (戰(zhàn)爭)爆發(fā)；(火災(zāi))突然發(fā)生breakup 結(jié)束；破裂①However，thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment．然而，愛爾蘭的南部不愿意組建聯(lián)合王國，它分離出去并建立了自己的政府。②Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime．在那時(shí)與家庭決裂需要勇氣。既學(xué)既練①Ifyougoonworkinglikethat，youwill____________soonerorlater．②Afire____________inthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled．——用break的相關(guān)短語填空breakdownbrokeout③Withsomanyproblemsunsettled，afewcountries

wantedto_________________theUnion．④Inmyopinion，marriagebasedonmoneyislikelyto

__________．breakawayfrombreakup4.

belongto屬于Eg.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas．屬于英國的四個(gè)國家在某些領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行合作。(1)belongto

表示“屬于”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)(2)belongingsn． 財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物①Nomatterwhathappens，TaiwanbelongstoChina．不論發(fā)生什么事情，臺灣都屬于中國。②ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell--educated．威廉姆教授一直告誡他的學(xué)生們未來屬于受過良好教育的人。既學(xué)既練①Asisknowntous，Chinaisacountry________(belong)tothethirdworld．②Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyour__________(belong)toyournewhouse．——單句語法填空belongingbelongings——完成句子鏈接寫作③剪紙有1500多年的歷史，屬于中國的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)。Paper-cuttinghasahistoryofover1，500years，__________________traditionalartinChina．whichbelongsto?溫馨提示belongto中的to是介詞，該短語既不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后置定語時(shí)，形式為“···belongingto”。Eg.Indefenceofourmotherland，alargenumberof

peoplelosttheirlives．

為了保衛(wèi)我們的祖國，許多人失去了生命。5.

defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)(1)indefence(of···) 為了保衛(wèi)(···)(2)defendvt． 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；為···辯護(hù)defend···from/against··· 防御；保衛(wèi)···以免受···①Allthepeoplewerefightingagainstthefloodindefenceoftheirownhomes．為了保衛(wèi)自己的家園，所有的人都在與洪水作斗爭。②HehasemployedoneoftheU．K．′stoplawyersto

defendhim．他請了英國一位頂尖律師為他辯護(hù)。既學(xué)既練①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained___________

(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks．②Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedin___________(defend)oftheircountry．③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefend___________(I)．——單句語法填空todefenddefencemyselfEg.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治過英國。6.surround

vt.圍繞；包圍(1)surround···with···

用…包圍…besurroundedwith/by···

被…包圍/環(huán)繞(2)surroundingadj．

周圍的；附近的(3)surroundingsn．

環(huán)境；周邊事物(復(fù)數(shù))①Theprofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhisstudents．那位教授喜歡和他的學(xué)生們在一起。②Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmountainsandclearrivers,attractingvisitorsfromeverycorner．青山綠水環(huán)抱著村寨，吸引著各方來客。既學(xué)既練①_____________(surround)bytheforest，thevillagelooksverybeautiful．②Livinginbeautifulandcomfortable______________(surround)，wefeelveryhappy．③Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthe_____________(surround)villages．——單句語法填空Surroundedsurroundingssurrounding7.evidence

n．證據(jù)；證明Eg.Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer．現(xiàn)在有令人信服的證據(jù)證明吸煙導(dǎo)致肺癌。(1)Thereissomeevidencethat···

有證據(jù)證明···(2)evidentadj．

明顯的，明白的It′sevidentthat··· 很明顯···①M(fèi)odernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases．現(xiàn)代科學(xué)對吸煙能導(dǎo)致多種疾病已經(jīng)給出了明確的證據(jù)。②Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany．很顯然，這個(gè)人在公司里受到高度評價(jià)。有證據(jù)顯示，進(jìn)行戶外活動對我們有好處。_____________________________outdooractivitiesaregoodforus．——完成句子鏈接寫作There′ssomeevidencethat8.achievement

n．成就；成績；達(dá)到Eg.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads．他們的一些偉大成就包括建設(shè)城鎮(zhèn)和道路。(1)asenseofachievement

成就感makeanachievement 取得成就(2)achievevt．

完成；達(dá)到vi.

成功achieveone′sgoal 達(dá)到目標(biāo)①Evenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement．即便是小小的成功也能給你一種成就感。②Hislazinessmakesitimpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal．他的懶惰使他不可能達(dá)到目標(biāo)。既學(xué)既練①ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsforthosegreat_______________(achieve)madebyher．②We′vehadagoodstart，butmoreworkneedstobedone___________(achieve)thefinalsuccess．——單句語法填空achievementstoachieve句型精析Eg.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany如果有的話，那么它們之間有什么區(qū)別呢？1.if

條件狀語從句的省略形式ifany

如果有的話ifso 如果這樣的話ifnot 如果不這樣的話ifnecessary 如果有必要的話ifpossible 如果有可能的話①Theremaybesomemistakesinmycomposition．Ifany，pleasehelpmepointthemout．我的作文可能有些錯(cuò)誤。如果有的話，請幫我指出來。②DidyoucheatintheexamIfso，youwon′tgetawaywithit．你在考試中作弊了嗎？如果這樣的話，你將不會逃脫懲罰?！瓿删渥渔溄訉懽魑沂抢钊A，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱們面談有關(guān)餐桌禮儀的問題。I′mLiHua．I′