08必修三Unit3語法語法省略（原卷版）

08必修三Unit3語法：語法精講精練省略一、省略的基本用法為了避免重復(fù)，將句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分省去，這種語法現(xiàn)象叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法手段。英語中的省略結(jié)構(gòu)有下列幾種情況。1.并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。Thisbeeperworkswell,butthatonedoesn’t(workwell).這個(gè)尋呼機(jī)工作正常，但那個(gè)不行。Somebooksaretobetasted,others(are)tobeswallowed,andsomefew(are)tobechewedanddigested.有些書淺嘗即可，有些書瀏覽即可，而有少量的書則需要咀嚼消化。2.在when,while,if,asif,though(或although),as,until,once,whether,unless,where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語和be動(dòng)詞。When(wateris)pure,waterisacolorlessliquid.水純凈時(shí)，是無色的液體。When(Iam)introuble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.我困難時(shí)總是找她幫助。Correcterrors,if(thereare)any.如果有錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile(woodis)burning.木頭燃燒時(shí)放出很多煙。Theletteristobelefthereuntil(itis)calledfor.這封信留在這里待領(lǐng)。Henrylookedaboutasif(hewere)insearchofsomething.亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。Shestudiesveryhardthough(sheis)stillratherweak.她盡管很虛弱，但學(xué)習(xí)仍十分努力。3.當(dāng)見到“when/if/where/wherever/whenever/assoonas/asfastas/than...＋possible/necessary...”時(shí)，可理解中間省略了itis/was。Answerthesequestions,if(itis)possiblewithoutreferringtothebook.如果有可能，請(qǐng)不看書回答這些問題。When(itis)necessaryyoucanhelpustodosomething.必要時(shí)你可以幫助我們做些事。4.當(dāng)it作形式主語時(shí)，主語從句可省略that。Itseems(that)Joeisout,notJack.外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。Itisanhonor(that)Iwasinvitedtoyourbirthdayparty.我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加你的生日聚會(huì)。It’sapity(that)youcan’toperateaputer.很遺憾，你不會(huì)操作計(jì)算機(jī)。Itisthethirdtime(that)IhaveetoChina.這是我第三次來中國(guó)。5.在限制性定語從句中可省略作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that。Thatisthenaughtyboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutlastweek.那就是我們上周討論的淘氣男孩。6.在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距離),time(時(shí)間),times(倍數(shù))等后面所接的定語從句中，常省略that,which,inwhich。Thedirection(inwhich)wemoveabodycanbechanged.我們移動(dòng)物體的方向是可以改變的。Thedistance(which/that)lighttravelsinonesecondis300,000kilometres.光在一秒內(nèi)傳播的距離是30萬千米。7.命令句、感嘆句、部分第一人稱的陳述句、部分問句和答句中省略最為常見。Openthedoor!開門！Whynot?為什么不？Whyso?為什么這樣？Anybodywishingtogo?誰愿意去啊？8.用so或not來省略上文或問句中的一部分或整個(gè)句意?！狢anEmilydothiswork?—Ithinkso./Ithinknot(或Idon’tthinkso).——埃米莉能做這件工作嗎？——我想她行。/我想她不行?！狣idyouknowanythingaboutit?—Notuntilyoutoldme.——這件事你以前知道嗎？——你告訴了我，我才知道。9.當(dāng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問詞時(shí)，常省略強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that。Whenwasit(that)youreceivedhise-mail?你收到他的電子郵件是什么時(shí)候？Wedon’tknowwhoitwas(that)calledthedoctor.我們不知道是誰叫來了醫(yī)生。10.某些形容詞要求后面接一固定的介詞，若接一從句，則只用that或疑問詞直接引出從句，從而省略原有的介詞。Wearecertain(of)thatairisamixture.我們可以肯定，空氣是混合物。Sheisdoubtful(about)whethershecanpleteitintime.她懷疑她能否按時(shí)完成。11.用to表示前述動(dòng)詞(包括謂語或非謂語動(dòng)詞)及其短語。Youmaygoonlineifyoulike(to)(goonline).你如果想上網(wǎng)就可以上網(wǎng)。Nothingcanstoptheboyfromplayingvideogameswhenhewantsto(play).當(dāng)這個(gè)男孩想玩電子游戲時(shí)，沒有什么可以阻止他玩。12.新聞標(biāo)題要求簡(jiǎn)練醒目，需根據(jù)上下文的語境推敲其省略部分。Boy14,rescuedfromcliffface.＝Aboyof14hasbeenrescuedfromcliffface.從峭壁上救下14歲的男孩。AmericanPresidenttoflytoLondon.＝AmericanPresidentistoflytoLondon.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)將飛往倫敦。13.注意在一些固定短語中某些介詞的省略。Ihavetrouble(in)sleeping.我難以入睡。Ispendmyevenings(in)readingnovels.我把晚上的時(shí)間花費(fèi)在看小說上。Heisbusy(in)cleaningandmendingthemachine.他忙于清洗和修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Theyare(of)thesameage.他們年齡相同。Thereisnouse(in)explainingittoheranymore.這件事再向她解釋是無用的。Heiscarryingoutthisexperiment(in)thesamewayasIdidyesterday.他采用我昨天的方法在做他的實(shí)驗(yàn)。二、單句語法填空：1.

When

first___________(introduce)to

the

market,

these

products

enjoyed

great

success.2.

It

shames

me

to

say

it,

but

I

told

a

lie

when___________(question)at

the

meeting

by

my

boss.3.

The

man

we

followed

suddenly

stopped

and

looked

as

if___________(see)whether

he

was

going

in

therightdirection.4.

Generally

speaking,when___________(take)

according

to

the

directions,

the

drug

has

no

side

effect.5.

Unless___________(invite)to

be

taken

to

speak,

you

should

remain

silent

at

the

conference.6.

When___________(plete),

the

museum

will

be

open

to

the

public

next

year.7.

Though___________(lack)money,

his

parents

managed

to

send

him

to

university.8.

The

research

is

so

designed

that

once___________(begin)nothing

can

be

done

to

change

it.9.

Doctors

have

said

that

as

many

as

50%

of

patients

don’t

take

medicineas___________(direct).10.

Father

advised

me

not

to

say

anything

until___________(ask).11.

The

man

we

followed

suddenly

stopped

and

looked

as

if

___________(see)whether

he

was

going

in

therightdirection.12.The

workers

did

allthey

could

___________(take)good

care

of

the

old

man.13.

—I

hate

talking

with

that

guy.

Look,

he

is

ing.

What

should

I

do?—Don’t

speak

until__________(speak)to.14.—How

are

you

getting

on

with

your

work?—

Oh,

I’m

sorry.

Things

aren’t

going

so

well

as___________(plan).15.

He

is

rather

difficult

to

make

friends

with,

but

his

friendship,

once___________(gain),is

more

true

than

anyother.16.

Water,when

___________(heat)enough,

can

change

into

vapor

quickly.17.Noonecanwalkthewireintheairwithoutabitoffearunless___________(train)veryyoung.18.Theexperimentshowsthatproper,if___________regularly,canimproveourhealth.19.Though___________togotobedmanytimes,thelittleboyjustturnedadeafearandfixedhiseyesonthecartoons.20.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unless___________(acpany)byanadult.21.TheylandedsafelyontheislandinthePacific.Everythingwentonbetterthan___________(expect).22.Inmyopinion,hardworkisasimportantas,if____________(important)thananefficientwayinstudy.23.Foodsafetyissues,ifnot_____________(solve)properly,willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.24.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasthough____________(wake)upafteralongsleep.25.Ihadsometrouble___________(learn)EnglishwhenIbegantolearnitintheprimaryschool.26.Thebusierheis,the___________(happy)hefeels.27.When___________(publish),thenovelwillbeeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.28.While___________(iron)clothes,MissGoodaccidentallytouchedtheiron.29.Shehurriedlywavedherhandasif___________(say)something.30.TheylandedsafelyontheislandinthePacific.Everythingwentonbetterthan__________(expect).31.Atthesuddennews,shehurriedlylefttheroomasif__________(anger).32.Though__________(warn)againandagain,theyoungmanstilldroveafterdrinkingleadingtohisbeingfined.33.Shespendshalfanhour__________(do)somereadingeveryday.34.Nomatterhowfrequently___________(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.35.Whenfirst__________(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.36.Iwonderwhyyoudon’tdoitas__________(tell)to.It’sthethirdtimethatyouhavedoneso.37.Thisisanillnessthancanresultintotalblindnessif__________(leave)untreated.38.Thegovernmentwillhavetwochemicalfactoriesbuilt,though__________(oppose)bythecitizens.39.While__________(cross)theroad,thepupilsshouldcarefullylookbothways.40.Hekeptsilentforalongtime,andatlastopenedhislipsasif_________(say)tohisthreesons.41.Thesecondhandmachinemustbecheckedbefore_________(use)forthesafepurpose.42.Hedidn’tadmitwhohaddoneit,butfinallytoldmethetruthafter_________(ask)threetimes.43.Englishnewwordsarehardforthestudentstorememberandtheyareeasilyforgottenunlessconstantly_________(repeat).44.TheOlympicGame,first__________(play)in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.45.When__________(publish)thirtyyearsago,thenovelhasbeeoneofhisbestsellersoftheyear.46.When__________(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou!”.47.While__________(catch)cheatinginthecourseofanexam,youwillbepunishedbytheschool.48.Wehavenochoiceexcept__________(stay)athomewatchingTVyesterdayevening.49.Fatheradvisedmenottosayanythingunless___________(ask)atthemeeting.50.Thedisc,digitally__________(record)inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage_________(intend)foreveryone.2.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)__________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3.(2022·全國(guó)I卷)_________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation_________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5.(2019·全國(guó)II卷)Whenwegotacall_________(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.6.(2019·北京卷)Nervously__________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．7.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.8.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople__________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.9.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.四、語篇語法填空：(1)LastFridayastormsweptthroughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories,1(destroy)fourteenhomes.Sevenothersweresobadlydamaged2theirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershadbrokenwindowsorroofs.Onepersonwaskilled,severalwere3(serious)hurtandtakentohospital,andanumberofotherpeoplereceivedsmallerhurt.Altogetherovertwohundredpeoplewerehomelessafterthestorm.Afarmer,MrTan,saidthatthestormbeganearly4themorningandlastedforoveranhour.“I5(eat)withmywifeandchildren,”hesaid,“whenweheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslaterourhousefelldownontopofus.Wetriedourbest6(climb)outbutthenIsawthatoneofmychildrenwas7(miss).Iwentbackinsideandfoundhim,safe8veryfrightened.”MrsWooMeiFongsaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshe9(feel)thatherhousewasmoving.Sheranoutsideatoncewithherchildren.Soldiershelpedtotakepeopleoutofthefloodedareaandthewelfaredepartmentbrought10(they)food,clothesandshelter.(2)TheGreatWallofChinaismorethan6,000kilometreslong.Itwinds1(it)wayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleysuntilatlastit2(reach)thesea.TheGreatWallhasahistoryofovertwentycenturies.Thefirstpartofit3(build)duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheQinDynasty,4(keep)theenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls5(join)up.Thus,theGreatWallcameintobeing.TheGreatWalliswideenoughat6topforfivehorsesortenmentowalkonsidebyside.Alongthewallarewatchtowers,7soldiersusedtokeepwatch.Firewaslitonthetowersasa8(warn)whentheenemycame.

Itwas9(terrible)difficulttobuildsuchawallinancientdays10anymodernmachine.Alltheworkwasdonebyhand.Thousandsofmendiedandwereburiedunderthewalltheybuilt.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstoneandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.(3)Insertingneedlesthroughtheskinmaysoundscary,butacupuncture(針灸)andmoxa-moxibustion(艾灸),twokeyponentsof1(tradition)Chinesemedicine(TCM),aresaidtoimprovethepatient’shealthandwell-being.2(add)toUNESCO’srepresentativelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2010,acupunctureandmoxibustionare3(wide)practicedinChina.Theirformatandpracticehavedistinctiveregionalcharacteristicsandtheyhaveapreciousheritagebased4Chinesecultureandscience.ThetheoryofChinesemedicinebelievesthehumanbodyisasmalluniversewith5(it)owncirculatorysystem,inthissystem,thereareacupoints(穴位)connectingthechannels.Bystimulatingtheseacupoints,theself-regulatingfunctionsofthehumanbodycan6(promote).Acupuncturereferstothepracticeofinsertingneedlesintothebodyofapatientatacertainangleandusing7(technique)suchastwistingandliftingtheneedlestoexciteacupoints8(treat)diseases.Moxa-moxibustionnormallyreferstoplacingmoxa(艾)directlyonacupointsorholdingmoxasticksat9distancetowarmthebody.In1995,theWorldHealthOrganizationpublished10canbetreatedbyacupunctureandmoxibustion.TCMhasbeemoreandmoreacceptedbyothercountriesintheworld.(4)Whenthewinterapproaches,tanghulu,atraditionalChinesesnackcanbefoundonthestreetcornerinnorthernChina.Sinceancienttimes,it1(be)verypopularwithnatives,especiallychildren.Tanghuluis2(mon)madeofhaws(山楂),whicharerichinvitaminCandareknown3(have)traditionalChinesemedicinalproperties.Accordingtoalegend,800yearsago,oneoftheemperor’s4(wife)wassickandhad5poorappetite.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsheeatfivetotenhaws6(boil)withsugarbeforeeachmeal.Sherecoveredwithinhalfamonth.Latertheprescriptionwaspassedon7ordinarypeople.Peopleputhawsonastick,dippedtheminhotsugarsyrup(糖漿)anddried.Thesyrupfinallyturnedintoasolidcoating,likethecrystalonthesurfaceofhaws.Thatis8theyarealsocalledbingtanghulu.9originstorysaysthattheveryfirsttanghuluonlyhadtwohaw’sasmalloneonthetopandabigonebelow,makingitresembleahulu,abringerofgoodluck.Withsourhawsan