英語語言學(xué)試題庫

英語語言學(xué)

I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,Decidewhich

ofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthe

brackets.

l.Thereare()mainareasofphoneticstudy.

A.2B.3C.4D.5

ANSWER:B

2.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproach

whichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistorical

stages.

A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative

ANSWER:B

3.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain()

AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearning

CinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearning

ANSWER:BCD

4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,social

group,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequently

usedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.

Atitle+firstnameBtitle+title

CtitlealoneDfirstname+lastname+title

ANSWER:C

5.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:()

AstressandmetricalpatterningBspeechandthoughtpresentation

CprosestyleDanalysisofthetext

ANSWER:BC

6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguage

acquisition?()

ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation

BLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings

CChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage

DHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguage

use

ANSWER:A

7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof()

AaminimumfreeformBstability

CrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornot

ANSWER:ABC

8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()

AarbitrarinessBduality

CcreativityDreplacement

ANSWER:D

9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:()

AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproach

CthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproach

ANSWER:ABCD

lO.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.

AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentence

ANSWER:D

11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof()

AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchange

CanalogicalchangeDorthographicchange

ANSWER:C

12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled()

AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixes

ANSWER:B

13.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemantics

ANSWER:A

14.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()

AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntax

ANSWER:ACD

15.Whichdoesn'tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?()

AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntax

ANSWER:C

16.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof()

AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvula

ANSWER:B

17.Senseof"word"contains:()

AaphysicallydefinableunitBthecommonfactorunderlyingasetof

forms

CanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunit

ANSWER:ABD

18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurch

sermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.

AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccents

ANSWER:A

19.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?()

AarbitrarinessBduality

CcreativityDreplacement

ANSWER:D

2O.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause()

Atoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructures

Btohelptheaphasics

Ctoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideas

Dtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychology

ANSWER:AC

□.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.

PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%x10=20%).

l.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyor

hyponymy.()

ANSWER:!

2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonological

processes/)

ANSWER:!

3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()

ANSWERS

4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishis

nonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()

ANSWERS

5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()

ANSWERS

6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()

ANSWERS

7.1nthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeing

beforethespokenform.()

ANSWERS

8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformation

retrievals)

ANSWERS

9.1fachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearna

languagesuccessfullylateron.()

ANSWER:!

10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval/)

ANSWERS

11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstothe

outcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()

ANSWER:!

12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,

buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying/)

ANSWERS

13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,

personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting/)

ANSWER:!

14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesin

differentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethe

samesense.

()

ANSWERS

15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyor

hyponymy/)

ANSWER:!

16.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()

ANSWERS

17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonological

processes/)

ANSWER:!

18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthrough

differentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofa

certainperiod/)

ANSWERS

19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstothe

outcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()

ANSWER:!

2O.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthat

sentence/)

ANSWERS

m.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms(3%x5=15%).

1.displacement

ANSWER:Displacement,asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage,

referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent,aseasilyashe

doesthingspresently.

2.culturaltransmission

ANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgeneration

togeneration,butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewby

eachspeaker.

3.category

ANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinits

narrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits.

4arbitrariness

ANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethat

theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.

5.Vowl:

ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sono

turbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.

6.lexicon:

ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexical

categoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.

7.linguistics

ANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustone

languageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.

8.word

ANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionby

nativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.

IV.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions

1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguage

ANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity?displacement

2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?

ANSWER:Firstofall,humanlanguagehassix"designfeatures"whichanimal

communicationsystemsdonothave,atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.

Secondly,linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzees

tospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.

Thirdly,ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage,

notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttoIotoso.

3.Whatdoesphonologystudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsand

phonology?

ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,and

sequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.

Phoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreating

whereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguage

andmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.

4.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.

ANSWER:?Informativefunction?Interpersonalfunction?Performative

function④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction?Recreational

function

?Emotivefunction

V.Translation

l.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsare

combinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationof

sentences.

ANSWER:在語言學(xué)上，它是指在一種語言中,對指導(dǎo)文字組合進(jìn)而形成句子規(guī)則的研究，或

簡言之，是對句子構(gòu)成的研究.

2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedata

accordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperform

complextasksinaveryshorttime.

ANSWER:計算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器,它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控數(shù)據(jù)，并

可以在非常短的時間內(nèi)完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。

3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,

insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.

ANSWER:語音在書面寫作發(fā)明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍

然還只是存在語言而沒有書寫系統(tǒng)。

4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwitha

viewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.

ANSWER:多年以來，無數(shù)的詞典多次提出以期解釋"word”含義的事實,也見證了其悠

久的歷史.

5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividual

byoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.

ANSWER:語言是人類智慧的產(chǎn)物，通過運(yùn)作被每個個體重新建構(gòu)，而這種運(yùn)作是遠(yuǎn)非意志

或意識所及的.

6.1tishardtodefine"word"inthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreed

thatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining"word",noneofwhich,ofcourse,is

satisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.

ANSWER很難從科學(xué)意義上定義"單詞"，不過，在定義"單詞”時，人們普遍認(rèn)同有

三個含義應(yīng)包含其中——當(dāng)然，它們中任何一個都不能單獨令人滿意地應(yīng)對所有情況。

7.1thaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartof

agivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomething

intrinsicandindispensable.

ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特

定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。

8.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship,thoughthe

term"semantics"hasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.

ANSWER:"語義"一直是人類學(xué)問的核心議題，盡管"語義學(xué)”僅有一百年左右的歷史.

9.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedata

accordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperform

complextasksinaveryshorttime.

ANSWER:計算機(jī)是一種電子機(jī)器,它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控數(shù)據(jù)，并

可以在非常短的時間內(nèi)完成復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。

10.lthaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpart

ofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomething

intrinsicandindispensable.

ANSWER:人類早就認(rèn)識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特

定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。

VI.Answerandanalyse

1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience?

ANSWER:Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itoughttobase

itselfuponthesystematic,investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscovering

thetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata,a

linguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure,tobe

checkedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysis

scientific,alinguistisusuallyguidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness,consistency,

andobjectivity.Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevantto

thestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanation,inspiteofthecomplicatedness.

Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone“unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbe

nocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansa

linguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpl