2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習講義人教版知識清單1選擇性必修第三冊　Unit 1　Art

2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習講義人教版知識清單1選擇性必修第三冊Unit1Art1．Thiscontestseekstoencourage(seektodosth試圖做某事；seekforsth尋求，尋找……)futureartists.2．Thewinnerswillhavetheirartworkpubliclydisplayed(have＋賓語＋賓補)attheCapitolforayear，andarealsohonoredatanaward.3．Asidefrom(除……之外)theprizes，thiscontestalsoinvolves(包含；需要)exhibitionsandeventstoraiseawareness(增強意識)．4．Nofeeischarged(收費)forthiscontest.chargesbmoneyforsth因某物/某事收某人錢chargesbwith(doing)sth＝accusesbof(doing)sth指控某人犯……罪inchargeof掌管(表狀態(tài))inthechargeof被……掌管；由……負責takechargeof掌管(表動作)freeofcharge(＝forfree)免費5．Afterscoutingalocation，thegroupthenresearchthelocalhistoryoftheareatheyareintoinform(熟詞生義：對……有影響)theirrmsbabout/ofsth告知某人某事keepsbinformedof隨時通知某人……6．Oncesketchedout(狀語從句的省略)，theconstructionstakeuptotwomonthstobuildbeforetheyareinstalledinthedeadofnight.7．Weliketoimagineaworldwheresmallanimalsliveparallelto(與……共存)us，andrecycleobjectsweloseorthrowaway，soabottlecapbecomesachair，aboxofmatchesbecomesatable，astampbecomesapaintingandatrashcanbecomesarestaurant.8．Theythendemandapaymentbeforetheywillfree(熟詞生義：釋放；使解脫出來)thesystem.9．...becausenotall(部分否定，表示“并非都……”)organizationsarewillingtoreportitwhentheyfallvictimto(成為……的受害者)thiskindofcrime.all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有總括意義的代詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都……”的意思。10．Eventheselimitedstatistics，however，showtheincreasingfearlessnessofransomwareattackers：thenumberofattacksin2020increasedby20percentcomparedwith(與……相比)thatofthepreviousyear，andtheamountofmoneypaidoutmorethanpare...with...把……和……做比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with與……相比beyond/withoutcompare無與倫比11．Aslongasvictimskeeppaying，attackerswillkeepprofiting(熟詞生義：獲利)fromthistypeofattack.12．Andregularbackupsallowacompanytofunction(allowsb/sthtodo)evenifitsoriginaldataareencrypted.allowsbtodo...允許某人做……allowdoing允許做有此類用法結(jié)構(gòu)的詞還有permit，forbid等13．Asaresult，securitypersonnelmustengagein[(使)從事，參與]aconstantgameofcatandmouse.14．Isuggestusing(suggestdoing建議做……)asketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.15．Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialto(對……至關(guān)重要)growth.16．Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand，inturn(相應(yīng)地)，havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Unit2HealthyLifestyle1．Eatingultra-processed(超加工的)foodsformorethan20%ofyourdailycalorieintakeeverydaycansetyouontheroadtocognitive(認知的)decline(n.下降，減少；衰落v．減少；衰落；下降；衰退)，accordingtoanewstudy.onthedecline在衰退中；在下降declinetodosth拒絕做某事2．Now，thenewstudyhasrevealed(revealed后為省略that的賓語從句)eatingmoreultra-processedfoodsmaycontributetooverallcognitivedecline，includingtheareasofthebraininvolvedinexecutive(決策的)functioning—theabilitytoprocess(動詞不定式作后置定語)informationandmakedecisions.3．While(引導讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”)inneedoffurtherstudyandreplication，thenewresultsarequiteconvincing(令人信服的)andemphasizethecriticalroleforpropernutritioninpreservingandpromotingbrainhealthandreducingriskforbraindiseasesaswegetolder.convincedadj.確信的；堅信的convincesbofsth使某人確信某事4．Thestudy，presented(過去分詞作后置定語，意為“展示，展現(xiàn)”；n.禮物；adj.現(xiàn)在的，目前的；出席的，到場的)onAugust1atthe2022Alzheimer’sAssociationInternationalConferenceinSanDiego，followedover10,000Brazilianswhoseaverageagewas51forupto10years.5．InBrazil，ultra-processedfoodsmakeup[此處意為“占……比例”；其他意思：編造(說法、解釋等)；組成；彌補；補償；化妝；和好；整理]25%to30%ofthetotalcalorieintake.6．Beavers(海貍)，likehumans，changetheirsurroundings(環(huán)境)tofittheirneeds.surroundingadj.周圍的surround...with...使……包圍……besurroundedwith/by被……包圍7．Butcountyofficialswereconcernedabout(關(guān)心，擔心)howhigherwaterwouldaffectthesoilbanksupportingWinstonPath.8．Thewholeaudienceburstout(突然爆發(fā)出)awaveofclappingalmostevery30seconds.9．Itwasthefirsttimethat(這是……第一次……)shehadbeenonthestage，soIcouldn’tblameherforanyslip.10．Butthemomentthatsurprisedmeoccurred(發(fā)生)．sthoccurstosb某人突然想到……Itoccursto/hits/strikessbthat...某人突然想到……11．Smallandthinasthegirlappeared(部分倒裝)，thedeterminedlookonherfaceinstantlycaughteveryone’seyes.as/though引導讓步狀語時采用倒裝的情況：表語提前：Strangeas/thoughitseems，itistrue.謂語動詞提前：Tryashemight，hedidn’tpasstheexam.狀語提前：HardasIstudied，Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.12．Tearsofjoy(喜悅的淚水)mistedmyvisionwhenthehostannouncedshewonfirstprize.13．It’seasytogetoverwhelmed(感到不堪重負)whenyouhavealotonyourplate(俚語：忙不過來)．Unit3EnvironmentalProtection1．YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyof(各種各樣的)rangerprogramsthroughoutthepark，andthroughouttheyear.2．Kidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiesto(與……相比較)theanimalsofYellowstone.3．Stayfor(逗留)aslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.4．Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawnto(被……吸引)thisspecialplace.5．MoranworksattheCaliforniaAcademyofSciences，whichiscapped(熟詞生義：用……覆蓋頂部)by2.5acresoflivingroofwherenearly1.7millionplants，insectsandbirdsflourish.6．In2000，just41newconstructionprojectswereofficiallyratedas(被評為)greenbuildingsintheUS.7．Astheleaderoftheproject，RobertGetmansaid，“Cleaningbeachesisgood，butitismoreeffectiveandcheapertotrap(此處意為“捕獲”；v.設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套n．陷阱)garbageinrivers...8．Still，thewaterwayanditsmangrovetreesarehometo(是……的家園)wildlifeliketurtlesandbirds.9．Overfiveyears，MareaVerdeprojectshaveslowed(熟詞生義：使減速，使緩行)thespreadofwastealongtheJuanDiazRiverandotherPanama’srivers.10．However，WandaDiazismoreadvancedandsuperiorintermsof(就……而言，在……方面)technology，anditevenhascameraswithartificialintelligence(AI)thatcanrecognizeandsortdifferentplastics.11．Sheexpressedherhopethat(引導同位語從句)thewheelwouldalsohelpmanymoreotherrivers.12．Butshealsopointedoutthatthosewhoaccustomedthemselvesto[使自己習慣于……；beaccustomedto(doing)sth習慣于(做)……]single-useplasticsneededtorethinktheirbehavior.13．Heinvitedeveryonetoahallforagameconsistingof(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語)3rounds.consistof是不及物短語用其-ing形式作定語或狀語，類似的用法還有：belongto，measure，weigh，datebackto/datefrom14．Mostofthetime，peoplehideinformation，avoidcollaboration，anddistance(熟詞生義：與……疏遠)themselvesfromtheirteammembers.Unit4AdversityandCourage1．Itlacks(缺乏，缺少)buildings，trees，cars，cellphonesandtheInternet.(a)lackof缺乏，缺少……forlackof因缺乏……lackingadj.缺乏的，缺少的belackingin...缺少……2．Seeminglylimitless(無限的)waterextendsuninterruptedlyinalldirections(向四面八方)．后綴-less表“無或者沒有”，常見的以-less結(jié)尾的詞有：useless無用的；helpless無助的；hopeless無希望的；stainless無污點的；不銹的3．MyoldersisterandIwerestuffedintoacarnearlyeverysummerweekenduntilmylateteenstomakethetripfromnortheastIndianatothesouthshoreofLakeErieinOhio，where(引導非限制性定語從句)Talismanbuiltbymyfather(過去分詞短語作后置定語)waitedpatientlythroughtheweek.4．However，itwasn’tuntilabout20yearsago，wellintomyadulthood，thatItookup(開始從事)sailinginaseriousway.(含有notuntil的強調(diào)句)5．WhilelivinginAsia，asailingfriendandIsetoffacrosstheSouthChinaSeaandintendedtoget(intendtodo打算做……)toThailand，onlytobepushed(todo不定式作結(jié)果狀語)byalate-seasontyphoonthatforcedustomakelandfallinVietnam，gladtobealive.6．Yearslater，mywifeandIlivedaboardour37-footship，Symbiosis，whilewesavedenoughtotakeatwo-yearleavefromourjobstojourney(熟詞生義：旅行)downtheU．S.AtlanticcoastandthroughtheBahamasandtheCaribbean.7．Afewmonthsago，wefoundagooddeal(熟詞生義：優(yōu)惠的價格)onasmallersailboat—easiertomaintainbutstillcapableof(有……能力)someshortoffshorejourneys.8．TheWorldEconomicForumpredictstheglobalpopulationwillhit(熟詞生義：達到)9.8billionby2050，whichmeanswemightneedtogrowasmuchasdoubletheamountoffoodwedotoday...9．Historically，humanintelligencehasrisento(成功應(yīng)對，處理)thepopulationchallenge.10．Sothegirlsteamedupwith(與……合作)anationalnonprofitgrouptoplantanativegardenspeciallyforthemonarchs.11．Theyalsowantedtoputup(張貼)aneducationalsignintown，butitcostalot.putup舉起；架起；張貼；留宿；建造putupwith忍受，忍耐putaway儲存……以備用；儲蓄putoff推遲，拖延putforward提出(建議，意見)12．Tocovertheexpense(支付開銷)，theysetupastand(n.攤位)atthefarmers’markettoselltheirhealthymilkweedsforpeopletoplant.13．Althoughthefundraisingdayswerelong，theyfinallysucceededinearning(succeedindoingsth成功做某事)enoughmoneywiththeirhardworkandpeople’ssupport.14．Ournextstepistocutdown(削減，減少)ontheuseofchemicalstoguaranteeasafeenvironmentforthemonarchs.15．Datingbackto(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)theTangDynasty(AD618－907)，atraillinking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾atrail)Hangzhou’sTianmuMountainandHuangshan’sYellowMountainwasformedtoexchangegoodsbetweenthetworegions.Unit5Poems1．Yourpoetrycanbelaidoutasyouwish，asweunderstandthatformoftenrelatesto(與……有關(guān)；adj.related相關(guān)的；berelatedto與……有關(guān))theeffectofapoem.2．However，pleasebesuretostickto(堅持……原則)amaximumof3pagesperpoem.3．Writersovertheageofthirteenarewelcometoparticipate(參加)．4．Indeedlonelinessisnowwidelyrecognizedas(被公認為……)amajorpublichealthproblem.Itisrecognizedthat...人們公認……beyondrecognition認不出來5．Whatisperhapslessobvious(what引導主語從句)isoneanswertotheproblem：thehealingpowerofpoetrytomakeusfeelmoreconnectedtoothers.6．Ifirstgotinvolvedin(涉及，參與)howpoetrycansupportouremotionalwell-beingafterIwroteamemoir...7．Poetryletsusconnectwithotherpeoplewho(who引導定語從句)haveexperiencedsimilaremotions.8．Irememberonewomanstartingtocryas(相當于when，引導時間狀語從句)shereadDerekWalcott’spoem“LoveAfterLove”duringaworkshopheldatmylocalhospitalinWestLondon(過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾workshop)．9．Shehad，inWalcott’sphrase，struggledto[努力(做)……]“l(fā)oveagainthestrangerwhowasyourself”．struggletodo...努力做……；掙扎著做……struggleagainst/with同……作斗爭；與……抗爭strugglefor為……而斗爭/奮斗struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來10．Given(鑒于)myownexperience，Ithinkhavingapoemtokeepuscompanycanhelpusallfeelagreatersenseofbelonging(歸屬感)．11．TotheSwedes，therearefewsmellsmorepleasantthan(否定詞＋比較級＝最高級)thatofsurstromming(鮮魚罐頭)．12．Newresearch，however，suggests(表明)thatmightnotbethecase(實情，事實)．13．All235participantswereaskedtorank(v.把……分等級；排列；n.地位，等級)smellsaccordingtopleasantness.14．Theresearchersnotedthatpleasantnessrankingsofthesmellswereremarkablyconsistentregardlessof(不管，不顧)wherepeoplecamefrom.15．Incontrast(相比之下)，culturalfactorsaccountedfor(占……比例)just6%oftheresults.16．Forfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayersto(把……增加到……)ateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere(where引導定語從句修飾point)70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel，theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.17．Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependence(n.相互依賴)ishigh，teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent，while(作并列連詞，表對比)individualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectson(對……有積極的影響)teamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.18．Anotherpossibilityisthat(引導表語從句)toomuchtalentonateamcanleadto(導致)decreasedmotivationandeffortfromsomeplayers.選擇性必修第四冊Unit1ScienceFiction1．It’stheyear2140andtwokidsridetheirsurfboardsintheheartofManhattan，nearthepointwhere(where引導定語從句修飾point)SixthAvenuemeetsBroadway.當先行詞是case，point，situation，condition，stage，position等表示地點、形勢等抽象含義的名詞，而定語從句不缺主語和賓語時，通常使用關(guān)系副詞where引導定語從句。2．Ifyouarefamiliarwith(對……熟悉；befamiliarto為……所熟悉)thisjunction，youwillknowitisfarfromtheUS’scurrentcoastline.3．ButinKimStanleyRobinson’snovelNewYork2140，Manhattanisflooded(v.淹沒)aftercontinuousclimatechangecausesthesealeveltoriseby15.25m.4．Robinson’s2017climatefictionnovelbelongsto(屬于)anewkindofnovel，whichtells“thestoryofthenextcentury”．5．Climatechangeisanindescribablecrisistomakesenseof(理解)．6．Dropsomepoisonouschemicalsinarivernowandyouwillseedeadfishwithindays，butwhatdoyouwitness(v.目睹；見證)whenyoureleasecarbondioxide(CO2)?7．Ithelpspeoplefeelnotonlyaboutwhatmightbecoming，butalso(不僅……而且……)aboutthepresent.8．AsthewebsiteTechXplorepointedout(as引導非限制性定語從句，意為“正如”)，othersimilarmaterialsrequireexternalheatsourcessuchasheatgunsandelectricalcurrentstoinduceachangeofstates...9．Duringtherobots’experimentaltrials，thescientistsconducted[此處意為“實施，管理，進行”；其他意思：指揮(軍隊、樂隊等)]anumberoftests.10．Thesetestsincludedhavingtherobotsmelt(have＋賓語＋賓補)intoliquidandre-formtoescapeaprison-likecage.11．Hehasalargefollowingoffans，alleagertosee(渴望做……)hisskillfultricks(此處意為“訣竅”；其他意思：n.把戲，計謀v．哄騙，欺騙)．12．Andvideosofhimusinghiswalkingstickasheboardsinspirecuriosity(n.好奇心)andadmiration(n.欽佩，贊賞)fromfansaroundtheworld.13．“I’mhonoredIcanbeavoiceforourcommunity.Neverletothersdefineyouandwhatyouarecapableof(有能力做……)，”hesaid.14．Anewadaptation(n.改編本)ofChinesemythologicalstorieshaswontheheartofaudienceswithitsdistinctivestyle.15．Theanimationseries，Yao—ChineseFolktales，hasgainedmorethan110millionviewsonlinesinceitwasreleased(熟詞生義：vt.發(fā)行，發(fā)布)．16．Thecollection，whichrangesfromancientstoriesto(包括由……到……之間的各類事物)sciencefiction,fromemotionalconnectionwithhometownstoromanticloveandfromlifethemestoquestionsforhumanity，presentsChinesecultureandphilosophy.Unit2IconicAttractions1．InearlyAugust，HilaryKrieger，now44，wassittinginherparents’Bostonhomewhen(bedoing...when...正在做……這時突然……，該句型中when為并列連詞)herfriendaccidentallysquirtedhimselfwithanorangeslice.2．Thetwomadeafive-dollarbet(打賭)，andHilarygladlygrabbedthefamilydictionarybutfoundtheword“orbisculate”wasnotinit!3．Hilaryburstinto(突然闖入)herdad’sstudy(熟詞生義：n.書房)andtoldhimtheshocking(adj.令人震驚的)news.4．Lookingawkward，herfatheradmittedthat(承認)hehadmadeup(編造)theword“orbisculate”astheactionthathappens“whenyoudigyourspoonintoagrapefruitanditsquirtsjuicedirectlyintoyoureye”．5．Itspeakstohiscreativityandtheideathat，evenwhensomethingispainfulandannoying(adj.令人煩惱的，令人生氣的；annoyedadj.惱怒的)，likegettinggrapefruitjuiceinyoureye，youcanlaughandhavefun