2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2選擇性必修第三冊Unit 3　Environmental Protection

2025高考英語步步高大一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義人教版2選擇性必修第三冊Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．graphn．圖；圖表；曲線圖2．emissionn．排放物；散發(fā)物；排放3．sealn．海豹4．methanen．甲烷；沼氣5．dioxiden．二氧化物6．carbondioxide二氧化碳7．habitableadj.適合居住的8．fossiln．化石9．fossilfuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)10．worldwideadv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影響全世界的11．footprintn．足跡；(某物所占的)空間量；面積12．basinn．流域；盆地；盆13．penguinn．企鵝14．implementvt.使生效；貫徹；執(zhí)行15．moderateadj.適度的；中等的；溫和的vi.&vt.緩和；使適中16．tropicaladj.熱帶的；來自熱帶的17．nuclearadj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的18．junglen．(熱帶)叢林；密林19．smogn．煙霧(煙與霧混合的空氣污染物)20．originatevi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立21．volumen．量；體積；(成套書籍中的)一卷22．enterprisen．公司；企業(yè)；事業(yè)23．regulationn．章程；規(guī)章制度24．disposaln．去掉；清除；處理25．waterwayn．水道；航道26．a(chǎn)gendan．議程表；議事日程Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．meltvi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；軟化2．ecologyn．生態(tài)；生態(tài)學(xué)3．releasevt.&n．排放；釋放；發(fā)布4．carbonn．碳5．fueln．燃料；刺激性言行vt.加強(qiáng)；刺激6．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的7．trendn．趨勢；趨向；動向8．broadcastvt.&vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；廣播；傳播n．廣播節(jié)目；電視節(jié)目9．policyn．政策；方針；原則10．seizevt.抓??；奪??；控制11．reformvt.&vi.改革；(使)改正；改造n．改革；變革；改良12．undergovt.(underwent，undergone)經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受(變化、不快等)13．a(chǎn)nnualadj.每年的；一年的n．年刊；年鑒14．chaosn．混亂；雜亂；紊亂15．garbagen．垃圾；廢物16．restorevt.恢復(fù)；使復(fù)原；修復(fù)17．dozenn．(一)打；十二個18．finevt.對……處以罰款19．campaignn．運(yùn)動；戰(zhàn)役vi.&vt.參加運(yùn)動；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)運(yùn)動Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn．饑餓；餓死2．sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的3．frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！鷉requentadj.頻繁的→frequencyn．頻繁；頻率4．restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→restrictionn．限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictiveadj.限制性的；約束性的5．harmoniousadj.和諧的→harmonyn．和諧→harmoniouslyadv.和諧地6．submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服→submissionn．提交(物)；呈遞(書)；屈服7．sensitiveadj.敏感的；善解人意的；靈敏的→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的→sensen．意義；感官vt.感覺到；察覺到8．conservationn．(對環(huán)境、文物等)保護(hù)；保持→conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的→conservev．保護(hù)；保存；節(jié)?。还?jié)約9．inspectionn．檢查；查看；視察→inspectvt.檢查；視察；檢閱→inspectorn．檢察員；督察員10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍1．clash/kl??/n．撞擊聲；沖突vi.發(fā)出撞擊聲；沖突2．a(chǎn)lert/?'l??t/vt.使警惕；使戒備adj.警惕的；戒備的3．furious/'fj??ri?s/adj.猛烈的；狂怒的4．scatter/'sk?t?(r)/vt.&vi.撒；散開5．penetrate/'pen?treIt/vt.&vi.打入；進(jìn)入；穿透6．tragedy/'tr?d??di/n．悲?。徊恍?．utterly/'?t?li/adv.徹底地；完全地8．plead/pli?d/vi.&vt.懇求；認(rèn)(罪)9．clutch/kl?t?/vi.&vt.猛地抓住；緊握10．quiver/'kwIv?(r)/n．箭筒；輕微的顫抖vi.顫抖；哆嗦Ⅳ.背核心短語1．onbehalfof代表(代替)某人2．dozensof許多；很多3．haveanimpacton對……有影響4．leadto導(dǎo)致5．causedamageto對……造成損害6．takemeasures采取措施7．dealwith處理8．a(chǎn)numberof許多9．carryout履行；執(zhí)行10．ineffect在實(shí)施中；實(shí)際上Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph)．(Thereislittledoubtthat...毫無疑問……)毫無疑問，地球正變得越來越溫暖(如圖)。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.(過去分詞短語作后置定語)專家聲稱，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海冰面降低意味著北極熊無法像以前那樣捕食海豹，因此它不得不走更遠(yuǎn)的距離去尋找食物。3．The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句)“天然”溫室效應(yīng)指的是來自太陽的熱量以短波輻射的形式進(jìn)入大氣層，使地表變暖。4．Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustainlife.(含蓄虛擬條件句)如果沒有這個過程，地球就無法維系生命。5．Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.(when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)當(dāng)人類由于燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生了大量額外的溫室氣體時，更多的熱能被困在大氣層中，導(dǎo)致地表溫度迅速上升。Withmoderategreenhousegases，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide1.____________(release)intotheatmosphere，Earthcansustainlife.Butcomprehensiveevidenceshowsthatmoreheatenergy2.____________necessaryexistsbecauseofburninganincreasingvolumeoffossilfuels.Hence，thewarmingtrendhasaffectedEarth’secologyand3.____________(harmony)development.Newsreportsare4.____________(frequent)broadcastaboutpolarbears，sealsandpenguinsthatarestarvedtodeathbecauseofthemeltingice.Tropicaljungles5.________________(destroy)，makingthemlesshabitableforanimals.6.____________humanbeingscan’ttolerateisthatgarbageisthrowneverywhere，suchaswaterwaysandbasins.Facedwiththeseveresituations，worldwidegovernmentshavereformedpoliciestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandrestorethesensitiveecology.Dozensofenterprises7.______________________(submit)andimplementedtheirconservationregulations,8.______________(say)，“Wewillimmediatelycarryoutthedisposalofthewasteweproduce.”Individualscanalsoseizeeverychance9.________________(reduce)thecarbonfootprintinthedailylife.AlthoughEarthhasundergonesomeecologicalchaos，peoplefromallovertheworldconfidentlysaythatthosemeasurescancreate10.____________sustainableworld.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死(starvationn．饑餓；餓死)starvetodeath餓死bestarvingforsth/todosth渴望某事/做某事同義短語：bethirsty/hungry/eager/desperateforsth/todosth(1)Whatshocksthescientistsisthatmanysealshavediedfrom____________(starve)becauseofglobalwarming.(2)孩子身無分文又饑腸轆轆，站在路邊要飯，否則就會餓死。Pennilessandhungry，thechildstoodneartheroadandbeggedforameal，otherwise________________________.(3)我渴望學(xué)好英語，因?yàn)檎莆沼⒄Z意味著我們可以通過一個新窗口看世界。(話題寫作之語言學(xué)習(xí))____________________________________，becausemasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.seizevt.抓??；奪??；控制seizesbbythearm抓住某人的胳膊表情感的名詞＋seizesb某人感到……(1)警察看到一個小偷，沖向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)Thepolicemanspottedathief，chargedforwardand________________________.(2)我強(qiáng)烈建議你抓住這個寶貴的機(jī)會提高你的英語口語。Istronglyrecommendthat___________________________________.(3)我一看到父親陰云密布的臉，就感到恐懼。(讀后續(xù)寫之恐懼心理描寫)ThemomentIsawmyfather’scloudyface，________________________.submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服[submissionn．提交(物)；呈遞(書)；屈服]submitsthtosb將某物提交給某人submit(oneself)to屈從于……(1)Thename，address，andtelephonenumberofthecartoonistmustbeincludedinthe____________(submit).(2)Anessaynot____________(submit)inclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)(3)大衛(wèi)擦掉眼淚，昂起頭，堅(jiān)定地說道：“我不會屈從于其他人的看法?！?2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Davidwipedhistearsandheldhisheadhigh，remarkingdeterminedly，“________________________________________________.”(4)對這次夏令營感興趣的人必須在5月15日前提交申請書和相關(guān)資料。(應(yīng)用文寫作之通知)Thosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmust______________________________________________________byMay15.toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許(tolerancen．寬??；忍耐；容忍tolerantadj.忍耐的；寬容的)?tolerate(sb/sb’s)doingsth忍受(某人)做某事?betolerantof/towardssb/sth容忍/寬容某人/某事(1)Tobehonest，my__________isnotlimitless，soIwillnotbealways__________ofyourrudebehavior.(tolerate)(2)Ican’ttolerate____________(work)withmypartneranymore，whoisfrequentlytalkingtomewhenIamabsorbedinwork.(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然會過得幸福。Those________________________________________________cannaturallyleadahappylife.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．releaseeq\x(A.vt.排放B.n.發(fā)布C.vt.釋放，放走D.vt.發(fā)行，上映)(1)ThenewfilmwillbereleasedonJuly16inthedowntowncinema.________(2)Thekindgirldecidestoreleasethebirdfromthecage.________(3)ThenewsoftwareisplannedforreleaseinApril.________(4)Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke，makingtheairdirty.________2．moderateeq\x(A.adj.中等的，適度的B.adj.溫和的C.v.調(diào)節(jié)D.v.緩和)(1)Byeveningthewindhadmoderatedslightly.________(2)Thearticlewasmoderateintoneandpresentedbothsidesofthecase.________(3)Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.(2022·浙江6月)________(4)We’reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan’tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderateouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.(2021·北京)________3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Makesureyou’vesignedthechequebeforesealingtheenvelope.____________(2)Theinsurancepolicycoversallbaggageandpersonaleffects.____________(3)Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.(2021·天津3月)____________Ⅱ.核心知識強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識1．Whenevertheconsultantinpsychologywaswornout，hewasstarving____________acupofcoffeetorefreshhimself.2．Sopessimisticwasmyclassmatethathehadnoideahow________________(release)histremendouspressure.3．Finally，Imadeupmymind____________(seize)theopportunitytoenhancemyoverallcompetence.4．Basedonwhatheobserved，thespecialistdecidedon____________(submit)hismedicalreporttothepresidentofthehospital.5．Onbehalf____________ourschool，Iappealtoeachstudenttotakemorephysicalexercise.6．Thedentistwassensitive____________criticism，soshecouldn’tacceptcriticismfromothers.7．Thesurgeoncan’ttolerate__________________(disturb)byotherswhenheisabsorbedinreading.8．Toenhancepeople’sawarenessof________________(conserve)ofculturalrelics，alecturewillbegiveninthecityhallthisFridayafternoon.9．Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoya____________(harmony)relationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.10．UnderthisAct，allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermust____________(annual)purchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)假定你是李華，你校學(xué)生會即將舉辦一次以“EarthGuardian”為主題的環(huán)境保護(hù)運(yùn)動，請你代表學(xué)生會寫一封倡議信，倡導(dǎo)大家積極參與該活動，內(nèi)容包括：1.地球環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀；2.該運(yùn)動的目的和要求；3.號召大家積極參加。完成句子1．毫無疑問，許多人類活動對我們的地球母親造成了巨大的傷害。(Thereislittledoubtthat...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．在這里，我代表學(xué)生會提出建議，我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該為環(huán)境保護(hù)做出一些貢獻(xiàn)。(onbehalfof；that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；conservation)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．為了建設(shè)一個更加和諧和可持續(xù)的社會，我們發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)名為“地球衛(wèi)士”的運(yùn)動，旨在采取有效和切實(shí)可行的措施來保護(hù)環(huán)境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．對該活動感興趣的人必須在10月1日之前提交你的申請和相關(guān)材料。(submit；定語從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．我真誠地希望你能抓住這個寶貴的機(jī)會，立即加入我們。(seize)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教材語料整合亮詞[環(huán)境描寫]melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；jungle；harmoniousadj.→harmonyn．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；waterway[動作描寫]starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；submit；restorev．→restorationn．；fine；toleratev．→tolerantadj.→tolerancen.美句1.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.(環(huán)境描寫)2．Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.(環(huán)境描寫)3．In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.(情感描寫)4．Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.(主旨升華)5．ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurroundingsceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.(環(huán)境描寫)6．Localofficialswereconcernedthatthepollutionwasdamagingthenaturalenvironmentandfeltthaturgentstepsshouldbetakentorestoretheriver’soriginalbeauty.(情感描寫)拓展語料積累動作細(xì)節(jié)描寫：“腳動”單詞tiptoev．踮著腳走；躡手躡腳地走；barefootadj.&adv.赤腳；dancev．雀躍；跳躍；springv．跳；躍；creepv．悄悄地緩慢行進(jìn)；chasev．追趕；flee(away)v．逃跑詞塊inbarefeet光腳；get/risetoone’sfeet起立；struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來；jumptoone’sfeet猛地站起、跳起來；springtoone’sfeet一躍而起；leaptoone’sfeet跳起來；plantone’sfeettotheground雙腳釘在地上；raiseoneselfontiptoe踮起腳尖；stampone’sfeet跺腳句型1.Disappointedandfrustrated，thepoormandraggedhisfeetbackhome.這個可憐的人既失望又沮喪，慢騰騰地回家了。2.Heleapt/jumped/sprangtohisfeet/jumpedupandrushedoutofthelivingroom.他一躍而起，沖出起居室。3.Sheplantedherfeetfirmlytothespotandrefusedtomove.她牢牢地站在原地，一動也不動。4.Hewassowornoutthatheliftedhisfeettoleaveasiftheywere100kilos.(比喻)他是如此疲憊以至于抬腳離開時好像雙腳有千斤重。5.Thelittlemanleftthecottagewithasad，slowstep.小個子男人邁著憂傷的步子慢慢走出了小屋。6.Shetapped/stampedherfeetimpatiently.她不耐煩地跺著腳。7.Sheslippedoutofbedandtiptoedtothewindow.她溜下床，踮起腳尖走向窗戶。8.Hehadtwistedhisankleandwaslimping.他扭傷了腳踝，一瘸一拐地走著。語料運(yùn)用保護(hù)動物Onanearlyspringmorning①________________________________________(定語從句)，mybrotherandIwerehavingawalkalongthecountrytrackwhenalittlecat②________________________(分詞短語作后置定語)attractedoureyes.Outofcuriosity，③________________________.Wethoughtitwould④________________________________seeingus.Butthecatjuststruggledtoitsfeet，⑤______________________________________(分詞短語作狀語)．Approachingcloser，wefoundinsurprisethatthelittlecat⑥__________________________andwasbadlyinneedofmedicalhelp.Notknowingwhattodo，⑦_(dá)_____________________________________andthendecidedthatweshouldtakeithome；⑧______________________________________.早春的一個早晨，雪還沒有完全融化，我和哥哥正在鄉(xiāng)間小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草上的小貓吸引了我們的目光。出于好奇，我們慢慢地踮著腳尖走向它。我們以為它看到我們會跳起來逃跑，但貓只是掙扎著站起來，發(fā)出一些虛弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近時，我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這只小貓的一條腿受了重傷，急需醫(yī)療救助。不知道該怎么辦，我們牢牢地在原地站了一會兒，然后決定把它帶回家，否則它會在寒冷的天氣里死去。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1．a(chǎn)dversityn．困境；逆境2．expeditionn．探險；遠(yuǎn)征；探險隊(duì)3．endurancen．忍耐力；耐久力4．cupboardn．櫥柜；壁櫥；衣柜5．stewardn．(輪船、飛機(jī)或火車上的)乘務(wù)員；服務(wù)員6．crushvt.毀壞；壓壞；壓碎n．擁擠的人群7．stoven．爐具；廚房灶具8．banjon．班卓琴(樂器)9．voyagen．&vi.航海；航行10．navyn．海軍；海軍部隊(duì)11．decentadj.相當(dāng)不錯的；正派的；得體的12．cosyadj.溫馨的；舒適的13．crewn．(輪船、飛機(jī)等上面的)全體工作人員；專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)；一群人14．rugbyn．橄欖球運(yùn)動15．corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社團(tuán)的16．navigatorn．領(lǐng)航員；(飛機(jī)、船舶等上的)航行者17．episoden．(人生的)一段經(jīng)歷；(小說的)片段；插曲18．motiven．動機(jī)；原因；目的Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．wagen．工資2．bitteradj.嚴(yán)寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3．vigour(NAmEvigor)n．精力；力量；活力4．sinkvi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉沒；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉沒5．a(chǎn)bandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；遺棄6．blanketn．毯子7．miserableadj.痛苦的；令人難受的8．good/bad-temperedadj.脾氣好的/壞的9．genuineadj.真正的；真誠的；可信賴的10．thoroughadj.深入的；徹底的；細(xì)致的11．furnituren．家具12．barkvi.&n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫聲；厲聲質(zhì)問13．batn．球拍；蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板擊球；揮打；拍打14．dampadj.潮濕的；濕氣重的15．recreationn．娛樂；消遣；游戲16．nephewn．侄子；外甥17．roughadj.洶涌的；粗糙的；粗略的18．motorn．發(fā)動機(jī)；馬達(dá)adj.有引擎的；機(jī)動車的19．candidaten．候選人；應(yīng)試者Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)→qualifyv．(使)具有資格；(使)合格→qualificationn．資格；資歷；資格證書2．enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地→enthusiasmn．熱情；熱忱3．a(chǎn)boardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)→boardv．上船(火車、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)；寄宿n．木板；董事會；伙食4．a(chǎn)ssignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn．任務(wù)；作業(yè)；分配5．envyn．&vt.羨慕；妒忌→enviousadj.忌妒的；羨慕的6．belongingsn．[pl.]財(cái)物；動產(chǎn)→belongvi.屬于；應(yīng)在(某處)7．selfishadj.自私的→selfishlyadv.自私地→selfishnessn．自私8．perseverancen．毅力；韌性；不屈不撓的精神→perseverevi.堅(jiān)持；孜孜以求9．resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n．決心；堅(jiān)定的信念→resolutionn．決議；解決；堅(jiān)定；決心10．crueladj.殘酷的；殘忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.殘忍地；殘酷地→crueltyn．殘忍；殘酷11．unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遺憾地→fortunately(反)adv.幸運(yùn)地→fortunen．運(yùn)氣；財(cái)產(chǎn)→fortunateadj.幸運(yùn)的12．guidancen．指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航→guiden．導(dǎo)游；指南vt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)；為……領(lǐng)路13．a(chǎn)dvertisingn．廣告活動；廣告業(yè)→advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣傳；做廣告→advertisementn．廣告；宣傳14．loyaladj.忠誠的；忠實(shí)的→loyaltyn．忠誠；忠實(shí)15．commitmentn．承諾；保證；奉獻(xiàn)→commitvt.犯(錯誤、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù)；(使)作出保證→committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的1．reel/ri?l/vi.蹣跚；踉蹌2．fasten/'fɑ?sn/vt.&vi.系牢；扣緊；關(guān)住3．invulnerable/In'v?ln?r?bl/adj.無懈可擊的；打不敗的→vulnerable/'v?ln?r?bl/adj.易受傷的；脆弱的bevulnerabletosth易受……傷害的4．glimpse/ɡlImps/vt.瞥見；看一眼n．一瞥；短暫的感受5．confine/k?n'faIn/vt.限制；監(jiān)禁；使離不開confine...to把……局限于；把……限制于6．resemble/rI'zembl/vt.像；與……相似7．sparkle/'spɑ?kl/vi.閃耀；閃閃發(fā)光8．fuss/f?s/n．無謂的激動；大驚小怪；小題大做makeafuss(aboutsth)(因某事)大驚小怪9．forbid/f?'bId/vt.(forbade/f?'b?d；f?'beId/，forbidden/f?'bIdn/)禁止；不許forbidsbfrom(doingsth)禁止某人(做某事)10．halt/h??lt/vi.停止vt.阻止n．停止；暫停cometoahalt停止；停滯Ⅳ.背核心短語1．turnsbdown拒絕(某人)2．makefire生火3．giveoff放出(熱、光、氣味或氣體)4．dreamof/about夢想5．a(chǎn)ttheageof在……歲時6．beenthusiasticabout對……充滿熱情7．become/bestuckin陷于8．throwaway扔掉9．managetodosth設(shè)法做成某事10．gofrombadtoworse每況愈下Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．BelowaresomeofBlackborow’sdiaryentries.(全部倒裝)以下是布萊克博羅的一些日記摘錄。2．Beforeweabandonedtheship，Shackletoncalmlycalledustogetherandtoldustorescueourmostessentialsupplies—thesmallboats，ourfood，thecookstove，candles，clothes，andblankets.(before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)在我們棄船之前，沙克爾頓鎮(zhèn)定地把我們召集在一起，告訴我們要搶救最需要的供給品——小船、食物、爐子、蠟燭、衣服和毯子。3．HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees！(as...as...)我怎么能變得像托馬斯?奧德利斯一樣自私和脾氣暴躁呢！4．Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.(aslongas“只要”)只要你堅(jiān)持，最終就會成功。5．Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.(if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句)要是沒有海洋生物，我們都得挨餓。Borninawealthyfamily，mynephew，Jack，leadssuchathoroughlydecentandcosylife1.____________hehardlymeetswithcrueladversities.Hehasbeendreamingof2.____________adventuresincehewasyoung.At18，Jackresolved3.____________(join)anexpeditionadvertisedinthenewspaper，buttheleaderturnedhimdownbecausehethoughtJackwasnotqualified.Fullofvigour，Jackneverabandonedhisdreamforhewassoenthusiasticaboutagreatvoyage.4.____________(fortunate)，at19，hejoinedthenavybutwasassignedtobeastewardwithlowwages.Onabittercoldday，thecrewwentaboardamassiveshipboundforAtlanticOcean.Jackwasgenuine，good-temperedandloyalandhewasn’tselfish，either.Heoftenplayedthebanjoforrecreation,5.____________peopleontheshipalllikedhim.Unfortunately，oneday，themotorbrokedownandtheshipgot6.____________(crush)onahugeiceberg.Whentheshipsank，theirheartsalsosank.Atthattime，thecalmcaptainmadea7.________________(commit)tosavethemandcommandedthemtothrowawaytheir8.____________(belong)suchasstoves，blankets，bats，cupboardsandotherpiecesoffurniture.Finally，theywerefortunateenoughtoescapetheship.9.____________wastheirendurance，resolutionandperseverancethathelpedthemsurvive.Onthedistantisland，Jackmanagedtomakefirewithanimalfat，whichgaveoffasmellysmellandthenhecookedseaanimals.Onemonthlater，theyweresavedbyapassingship.Insummary，ithasbeenamiserablebut10.________________(forgettable)episodeinJack’slife.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯qualifiedadj.符合資格；具備……的知識(或技能、學(xué)歷等)(qualifyv．使有資格qualificationn．資格；學(xué)歷)?bequalifiedfor/todosth有……的資格/有資格做某事?qualifysbforsth/todosth使某人有資格做某事?havethequalificationfor/todosth有……的資格/有資格做某事(1)Nowthatyouhavegainedyourteaching____________，Iamsureyouwillbe____________forthejobtheyadvertisedonthenewspaper.(qualify)(2)我參加過幾個類似的活動，使我能勝任這個志愿者工作。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請信)Ihavetakenpartinseveralsimilaractivities，__________________________________________.(3)我的英語很好，我確信我可以勝任這份工作。(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請信)HavingagoodcommandofEnglish，________________________________________________.enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱心的(enthusiasticallyadv.熱情地；熱心地enthusiasmn．熱情；熱忱)?beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth對(做)某事有熱情?lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充滿熱情withenthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)熱情地(1)Theylistenedwithgreatinterestandthen______________(enthusiastic)joinedingrandconversationsaboutHarry’sadventures.(2)我不僅充滿熱情而且容易相處，這使得我能勝任報(bào)紙上所刊登的志愿者工作。(申請信之個人優(yōu)勢)____________________________________________，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(3)得知您對中國傳統(tǒng)文化充滿熱情，我寫信邀請您參加一場關(guān)于儒家思想的講座。(應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信)____________________________________________________________，IamwritingtoinviteyoutoalectureonConfucianism.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)[boardvt.&vi.上船(或火車、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)n．木板；董事會；伙食broadadj.寬闊的；廣闊的abroadadv.在/到國外；在/到海外]?goaboard上船(飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)?onboard在船(火車、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等)上?goabroad出國(1)他身材高大，肩膀?qū)掗煟糁?，總是滿面笑容。(讀后續(xù)寫之外貌描寫)Heistall________________________andabeardandalways________________________.(2)得知你將去國外深造，我寫信告知你一些必要的注意事項(xiàng)。(應(yīng)用文寫作之告知信)________________________________________________，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydosanddon’ts.(3)他們在上火車前已經(jīng)互相道別，但這位母親一直在向車上的女兒揮手，直到火車消失。Theyhadsaidgoodbyetoeachotherbefore____________________________________，butthemotherkeptwavinghandsto________________________untilthetrainwentoutofsight.envyn．&vt.羨慕；妒忌(enviousadj.忌妒的；羨慕的)?withenvy羨慕地；忌妒地greenwithenvy忌妒得眼紅；十分羨慕/忌妒?envysb(doing)sth羨慕/妒忌某人(做)某事?beenviousof羨慕；妒忌(1)Hesaid____________envy，“Iam____________(envy)ofyou，becauseyouareleadingsuchacosyanddecentlife.”(2)老實(shí)說，我真羨慕你獲得了優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生的稱號，我應(yīng)該向你學(xué)習(xí)。Honestlyspeaking，I____________________________________________________theExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.(3)我的侄子是一個充滿活力和毅力的年輕人，對此我非常羨慕。Mynephewisayoungmanfullofvigourandperseverance，__________________________.abandonvt.舍棄；拋棄；放棄；遺棄n．放任；放縱(abandonedadj.被遺棄的；放縱的)?abandononeselfto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)某事；縱情于(做)某事abandondoingsth放棄做某事?withabandon放縱地；放任地?beabandonedto(doing)sth沉湎于(做)某事(1)Unfortunately，thecrewabandoned____________(carry)outtheexperimentforlackoffund.(2)你沉湎于過去的輝煌是不明智的，你應(yīng)該記住，不進(jìn)則退。____________________________________________，andyoushouldkeepinmindthatnottoadvanceistogoback.(3)我們放縱地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘卻了生活中的煩惱。(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)____________________________________，forgettingthetroublesinourlives.resolvevi.&vt.決定；決心；解決(問題或困難)n．決心；堅(jiān)定的信念(resolutionn．決議；解決；堅(jiān)定)?resolvetodosth決定做某事?makearesolution(todosth)下定決心(做某事)(1)Generally，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwillcometoa____________(resolve)afteranargument.(2)文化遺產(chǎn)代表我們祖先的智慧，因此我們國家已經(jīng)決定不遺余力地保護(hù)它們。(話題寫作之文化遺產(chǎn)與保護(hù))Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，so_________________________.(3)為了解決沖突，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會多溝通，設(shè)身處地為他人著想。(話題寫作之人際溝通)____________________________，weshouldlearntocommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.(4)老人決定，死后要把所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都贈送給那些被遺棄的孩子們。Theoldman____________________________________hewouldgiveawayallhisbelongingstotheabandonedchildrenafterhisdeath.as...as...HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees！我怎么能變得像托馬斯·奧德利斯一樣自私和脾氣暴躁呢！as...as...意為“和……一樣……”，表示同級比較。其中第一個as為副詞，第二個as為連詞或介詞。其基本用法為：as＋adj./adv.＋as...，還有如下用法：?否定式：notas/so＋adj./adv.＋as...?倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...?asmuch/many＋名詞＋as...(1)他和我一樣勤奮，因此，他已取得了和我一樣大的進(jìn)步。Heis________________________，sohe____________________________________.(2)在我看來，這本書沒有你認(rèn)為的那么有趣。AsfarasIamconcerned，thebookis____________________________________.(3)我們投入的時間和精力是其他同學(xué)的兩倍，所以我深信老師們會高度評價我們的項(xiàng)目。(2022·浙江1月，讀后續(xù)寫)Wedevoted________________________________________________，soIwasgreatlyconvincedthatourprojectwouldbehighlythoughtofbyourteachers.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．roughA.洶涌的；風(fēng)浪很大的B.崎嶇的C.粗略的D.艱難的E.粗魯?shù)?1)Ican’ttoleratesailinginroughsea.________(2)ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.(2023·全國甲)________(3)Idon’tknowhowtoreleasethepressureinsucharoughtime.________(4)Theiceontheroughroadhasmeltedanditissafetodriveonitnow.________(5)Heissucharoughchildthathedoesn’tbehavehimself.________2．bitterA.痛苦的B.激烈的C.寒冷的；刺骨的D.味苦的E.憤憤不平的(1)Sheisverybitteraboutlosingherjob.________(2)I’velearntfrombitterexperiencenottotrustwhathesays.________(3)Outside，abittereastwindisaccompaniedbyflurriesofsnow.________(4)TraditionalChinesemedicineusuallytastesbitterandishardtoswallow._________(5)Withnoonetoresolvetheirdispute，thetwosidesarelockedintoabitterconflict.________3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的漢語意思(1)Tomysadness，mysonwasabandonedtoplayingonlinegames.____________(2)Shewassincereandgenuineinherwishtomakeupforherformermistakes.____________(3)Jennathrewtheburntpieceintothesinkandputintheothersliceofbread.____________(4)Boilingwithextremeanger，hebarkedaseriesofquestionsathiscrew.____________Ⅱ.核心知識強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識1．Myheart____________(sink)whenIwasinformedthatmymoderatereformsendedupinfailure.2．WhenIsubmittedtheregulationsIdesignedtomyboss，heturnedme____________immediately.3.Dozensofworkersare____________(qualify)fortheirjobsintheinternationalfirm.4．Ourmonitorisenthusiastic____________creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.5．Thesepolicies________________________(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblemsnextyear.6．Wehaveresolved____________(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.7．________________(fortunate)，Isucceededinseizingthispreciouschancetobeavolunteerintheactivity.8．IpromisethatIwillbeloyal____________theenterpriseandIwillneverquitmyjob.9．Ridingbicyclesbenefitstheenvironmentalconservationbecausetheywon’tgive____________wastegases.10．Theenterpriseshave____________(thorough)implementedwhattheyhavepromisedtothepublic.假如你是李華，向某英文報(bào)紙《偉人介紹》欄目投稿。簡要介紹英國極地探險家——?dú)W內(nèi)斯特·沙克爾頓ErnestShackleton1874－1922。其主要成就如下：英國極地探險家，曾帶領(lǐng)英國探險隊(duì)三次前往南極洲，是南極探險英雄時代的主要人物之一。在他第三次帶領(lǐng)探險隊(duì)奔赴南極探險時，他與“堅(jiān)忍號”的船員們在極地700多天的求生經(jīng)歷，創(chuàng)造了20世紀(jì)一次偉大的生還奇跡。完成句子1．歐內(nèi)斯特·沙克爾頓是一位偉大的極地探險家，他對極地探險充滿熱情，一生帶領(lǐng)英國探險隊(duì)三次前往南極洲。(beenthusiasticabout；定語從句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．以下是他的一些探險經(jīng)歷和成就。(全部倒裝句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．他的第三次南極探險是一個非凡的奇跡。(as...as...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．面對嚴(yán)峻的極地條件，他沒有放棄他的團(tuán)隊(duì)，堅(jiān)定地帶領(lǐng)他們走出困境。(abandon；resolve)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．如果沒有他的英明領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)就不會在極地待了700多天后還能活下來。(if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________