職稱英語理工類b級模擬28

職稱英語理工類B級模擬28

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每出劃線部分確定1個意義最為

接近選項。

1>Weascribehisgreatsuccesstohisintelligenceandpersistence.

A.distributeB.attribute

C.contributeD.subject

2、Thewildanimalsareenclosedinsmallcagesinthezoo.

A.limitedB.bounded

C.restrictedD.confined

3、Thewastepipeisblocked；trysluicingitoutwithhotwater.

A.rushingB.brushing

C.crushingD.flushing

4、Hisactionsdonotmatchhiswords.

A.respondtoB.consistto

C.correspondtoD.accordto

5、Sheistheonlysurvivoroftheaircrash.

A.aloneB.unique

C.singleD.sole

6、Theschooldiningroomservesasameetingplaceforteachersandstudents.

A.usesB.utilizes

C.functionsD.exerts

7>Therepublicationofthewriter1sworkswillsurelyboosthisreputation.

A.enhanceB.strengthen

C.enlargeD.magnify

8、Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit.

A.reasonsB.excuses

C.answersD.plans

9、Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twistsB.stretches

C-broadensD.bends

10、Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.

A.abuseB.flavor

C.temptationD.consumption

11>Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatal

C.tinyD.enormous

12>Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.

A.maintainB.improve

C.assessD.protect

13、JohniscollaborctingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.

A.cooperatingB.competing

C.combiningD.arguing

14、Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.

A.strengthenB.control

C?abandonD.exercise

15>Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvingB.exploring

C.settlingD.handling

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句

提供的是正確的信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的

信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

WhyistheNativeLanguageLearntSoWell?

Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowell?When

wecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguage,weoftenfindthis

interestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceeds

inacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-uppersonwithfullydeveloped

mentalpowerszinmostcases,mayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.

Whataccountsforthisdifference?

Despiteotherexplanations,therealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyin

thechildhimself,partlyinthebehaviourofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthe

firstplace,thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavourable

ofallznamely,thefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorning

tillnightand,whatismoreimportant,alwaysinitsgenuineform,withthe

rightpronunciation,rightintonation,rightuseofwordsandrightstructure.

Hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminafresh

ever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance：thereisperfectassimilation.

Thenthechildhaszasitwere,privatelessonsalltheyearround,while

anadultlanguage-studenthadeachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhe

generallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanotheradvantage：hehearsthe

languageinallpossiblesituationszalwaysaccompaniedbytherightkind

ofgesturesandfacialexpressions.Herethereisnothingunnaturalzsuch

asisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschools,whenonetalksaboutice

andsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuary.Andwhatachildhearsisgenerally

whatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagain,whenhisattemptsatspeech

aresuccessful,hisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.

Finally,thoughachild1s"teachersHmaynothavebeentrainedinlanguage

teaching,theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.Theytake

greatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.

16>Comparedwithadultslearningaforeignlanguage,childrenlearntheir

nativelanguagewithease.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Adults1knowledgeandmetalpowershindertheircompletemasteryofa

foreignlanguage.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Thereasonwhychildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowellliessolely

intheirenvironmentoflearning.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Plentyofpracticeinlisteningduringthefirstyearsoflifepartly

ensureschildren*ssuccessoflearningtheirmothertongue.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Achildlearninghisnativelanguagehastheadvantageofhavingprivate

lessonsalltheyearround.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Gesturesandfacialexpressionsmayassistachildinmasteringhisnative

language.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Sofaraslanguageteachingisconcerned,theteacher1sclosepersonal

relationshipwiththestudentismoreimportantthantheprofessionallanguage

teachingtraininghehasreceived.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)；（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2?5段每

段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選

項。

1Theterm“drugabuse'*mostoftenreferstotheuseofadrugwithsuch

frequencythatitcausesphysicalormentalharmtotheuserorimpairssocial

functioning.Althoughthetermseemstoimplythatusersabusethedrugstheytake,in

fact,itisthemselvesorotherstheyabusebyusingdrugs.

2Pharmacologists,whostudytheeffectsofdrugs,classifypsychoactivedrugs

accordingtowhattheydotothosewhotakethem.Drugsthatspeedupsignalspassing

throughthenervoussystem,whichismadeupofthebrainandspinalcord,and

producealertnessandarousaland,inhigherdoses,excitability,andinhibitfatigueand

sleep,arecalledstimulants.Drugsthatretard,slowdown,ordepresssignalspassing

throughthecentralnervoussystemandproducerelaxation,aloweringofanxiety,and,

athigherdoses,drowsinessandsleep,arecalleddepressants.Onedistinctkindof

depressantsarethosewhichdullthemind'sperceptionofpainandinmedicineare

usedaspainkillers,oranalgesics.Thesedrugscallednarcotics.

3Itisnotalwayseasytodetermineexactlywhensimpledrugusebecomesabuse.

Thusitisfareasiertostudywhousesillegalpsychoactivedrugsthanitistostudywho

abusesthem.Whenresearchersdescribepatternsofdrugabuse,then,theyusually

describethemoregeneralphenomenonofdruguse,whetheritleadstoabuseornot.

4Drinkingonthejobisasocialandeconomicproblemwithalonghistory.With

thegrowingpopularityofillegaldrugsinthe1960sand1970s,itwastobeexpected

thattheiruseintheworkplacewouldemergeasamajorissuebythe1980s.Estimates

ofemployeedrugusevarygreatly,rangingfrom10percentto25percentforthe

proportionofworkerswhousedrugsoccasionallyonthejob.Thesafeperformanceof

someoccupationsamongthemisdonebyairlinepilotsinairtraffic.

5Fromthe1920suntilthe1960s,treatmentofdrugabuseintheUnitedStateswas

practicallynonexistent.Duringthisperiodmanyofficialsdidnotbelievethattreatment

waseffectiveornecessary.Drugabusersandsellersweresimplyarrestedand

imprisoned,therebydiscouraginguse.Thedramaticexplosionintheuseandabuseofa

widerangeofdifferentdrugsduringthe1960sdemonstratedtheweaknessofthis

theory.Asaresult,twotreatmentprogramsweredevelopedduringthe1960s.

A.Patternsofdrugabuse

B.Treatment

C.Drugtestingintheworkplace

D.Classificationofpsychoactivedrugs

E.Definition

23、Paragraph1

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.10percentto25percentfortheproportionofworkerswhousedrugs

occasionallyonthejob

B.determineexactlywhensimpledrugusebecomesabuse

C.the1920suntilthe1960s

D.the1960suntilthe1970s

E.signalspassingthroughthenervoussystem

27、Drugsthatspeedup.

28、TreatmentofdrugabuseintheUnitedStateswaspracticallynonexistent

from.

29、Itisnotalwayseasyto.

30、Estimatesofemployeedruguseverygreatly,rangingfrom.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題定1個最佳選項。

弟扁

Physician-assistedSuicide

TheSupremeCourt1sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportant

implicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainand

suffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrightto

physician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprinciple

of"doubleeffectn,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanaction

havingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatis

foreseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghigh

dosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients*pain,eventhough

increasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthatthe

principlewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsisted

thattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpain

ifthatmighthastendeath.H

GeorgeAnnaszchairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,

maintainsthatzaslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedical

purpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthe

drugtohastendeath."It*slikesurgery,nhesays.nWedon11callthosedeaths

homicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn*tintendtokilltheirpatients,although

theyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou*reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient*s

suicideaslongasyoudon11intendtheirsuicide.H

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethatthe

assisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatients

forwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt1srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,

theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereportzApproaching

Death：ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatment

ofpainandtheaggressiveuseofnineffectualandforcedmedicalprocedures

thatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblems

ofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,

totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicare

billingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessing

andtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaning

medicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare."Largenumbersofphysicians

seemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictably

suffering,Htotheextentthatitconstitutes"systematicpatientabuse.11

Hesaysmedicallicensingboards"mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsare

presumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicense

suspension.

31、Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.

A.doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients1pain

B.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

C.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

D.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

32、Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients*death

B.Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery

C.TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbe

prescribed

D.Adoctor*smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions

33、AccordingtotheNAS*sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecare

is.

A.prolongedmedicalprocedures

B.inadequatetreatmentofpain

C.systematicdrugabuse

D.insufficienthospitalcare

HH

34、Whichofthefollowingbestdefinesthewordaggressive(line3zparagraph

7).?

A.Bold.B.Harmful.

C.Careless.D.Desperate.

35、GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey

A.managetheirpatientsincompetently

B.givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded

C.reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients

D.prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients

弟一^扁

AnimalTestingControversy

H

Toparaphrase18thcenturystatesmanEdmundBurkezallthatisneededfor

thetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.HOnesuch

causenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimals

haverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespond

forcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublic

andtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersof

theanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependson

publicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.

Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyare

perplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothata

recentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnot

touseanythingthatcomesfromorisanimals-nomeat,nofurznomedicines,

Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefrom

animalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhave

tosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don*t

worry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaning

peoplejustdon*tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,

understandableway-inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.

Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother*s

1

hipreplacement,afathersbypassoperation,ababy'svaccinationszandeven

apet1sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededto

producethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccineszanimal

researchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.ScientistscouldHadoptHmiddleschoolclassesandpresent

theirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,

lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptive

appearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotoursztoshow

thatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimate

stakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactively

recruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,

whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,but

allwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisareal

possibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembers

ofmedicalprogress.

36、TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke1swordsto.

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

37、Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis.

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

38、Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic*s.

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

39、Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrights

advocates,scientistsshould_______.

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

40、FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis.

A.awell-knownhumanistB.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrightsD.asupporterofanimalresearch

XR------^植

ElectronicSpying

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymaster

whobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaid

therootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedin

usingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgamenofespionage-spying

asa"profession.nThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheveryday

pastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmailzisreshapingDonovan*svocation

aswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingother

gentlemen*se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.

Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawhole

industryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"open-source

intelligence,"andastheNetgrowszitisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.

In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataabout

Burundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalled

Open-SourceSolutionszwhoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronic

world.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,

Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitford

makesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChile

toRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.

Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitford,com.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasa

kindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionand

distribution,aspymaster1sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingup

databitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.

"Assoonasthatreportruns,we,11suddenlyget500newInternetsign-ups

fromUkraine,nsaysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe,11

hearbackfromsomeofthem.nOpen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,of

course,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That*s

whereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembers

havemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm*soutsiderstatus

asthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford1sbriefsdon11soundliketheusual

Washingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarations

onthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takespride

initsindependentvoice.

41>TheemergenceoftheNethas.

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

42、Donovan1sstoryismentionedinthetextto.

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

43、Thephrase11makingthebiggestsplash"(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobably

means_______.

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

44、Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.

A.Straitford*spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford1sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

45、Straitfordismostproudofits?

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將

其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

HomeSchooling

AllchildrenintheUnitedStateshavetoreceiveaneducation,butthe

lawdoesnotsaytheyhavetobeeducatedatschool.Anumberofparentsprefer

nottosendtheirchildrentoschool.46Thereareabout300,000

home-schoolersintheUnitedStatestoday.Someparentspreferteachingtheir

childrenathomebecausetheydonotbelievethatpublicschoolsteachthe

correctreligiousvalues；othersbelievetheycanprovideabettereducational

experiencefortheirchildrenbyteachingthemathome.47

DavidGutersonandhiswifeteachtheirthreechildrenathome.Guterson

saysthathischildrenlearnverydifferentlyfromchildreninschool.48For

example,whenthereisheavysnowfallonawin