山東省齊魯名師聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

齊魯名師聯(lián)盟2025屆高三年級(jí)第一次診斷考試英語滿分150分考試用時(shí)120分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydidthewomanstopplayingthepiano?A.Shedidn’treallyenjoyit.B.Shewasn’tverygoodatit.C.Shedidn’thaveenoughtime.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ijustlovethepiano.There’sanendlessvarietyofmusicthatcanbeplayedonit.W:Ireallyenjoyittoo.Iusedtobereallygoodatpianoactually.ButIstoppedplayinginhighschoolbecauseIwassobusy.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisfull. B.Shewantssomecake. C.Shedoesn’tlikethemeal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:CanIofferyouanotherpieceofcake?W:Thankyou.IfIhadit,Iwouldburst.It’sniceofyoutopreparethismealforme.M:Great.Aslongasyouenjoyedit.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Husbandandwife.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:So,tellmesir,whendidyoufirstnoticetheproblemwithyourleg?Iwillexamineitlater.M:Iwasatarestaurantwithmywifeandfriendsaboutthreeweeksago.Isuddenlyfeltasharppain.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whattimeisit?A.9:30a.m. B.10:00a.m. C.10:30a.m.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:George,wherehaveyoubeen?Yousaidnineo’clock.I’vebeenwaitinghereforanhourandahalfsincethen.M:I’mreallysorry,Jenny.Isetoffateightthismorning,andwouldyoubelieveI’vebeenstuckintraffic?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howwillthewomanprobablygototheairport?A.Bytaxi. B.Bytrain. C.Bybus.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doyouknowifthelastbushasgone?M:I’mafraiditleftacoupleofminutesago.W:Ohno!DoyouknowwhereIcangetataxitotheairport?M:YoucangototheRedStarSquareneartherailwaystation.Thereareusuallyafewtaxisthere.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whenwasthemancalled?A.Today. B.Yesterday. C.Twodaysago.7.Whatiswrongwiththeman’smother?A.Sheisill. B.Sheisdead. C.Sheisinjured.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:IcameassoonasIcould.W:DidCarolinecallyoujustnow?M:No,itwaslastnight,butIdidn’thavethecar.I’msorryIwasn’theretohelp.W:It’sOK.Youmissedthedrama,butshe’sOKnow.She’sjustalittleshaky.M:PoorMom.Ithoughtshewouldbedead,thewayCarolineexplainedittome.W:Oh,no,she’stough.Shedidn’tevenbreakanybones.Justafewmarks.M:Wheredidshefall?W:Thecarpetonthestairswaslooseandshewentheadfirst.M:Wow.Shehadaluckyescape.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whatisthemanmainlyconcernedabout?A.Thegreenspace.B.Thenumberofhomes.C.Thesuburbdevelopment.9.Whatdoesthewomansaytheareawaslike?A.Itwasdirty. B.Itwascrowded. C.Itwasdangerous.【答案】8.A9.A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofthedevelopment?M:You’recreatingawholenewcommunity.W:Wecertainlyare—400homes,40shopsandtwoschools.M:Don’tyouworrythatyou’retakingmoregreenspaceawayfromthecity?W:Look,Mr.Sharples,youmustunderstandthatthiscityneedsmoreaffordablehousing.M:Butsurelywehavetoconsidertheenvironmentaswell.Willyoubelivinghereorwillyoubeinasuburbwhereyoucanseetreeseverywhere?W:I’dgladlyliveinoneofthesehomes.Infact,I’llletyouintoasecret.Igrewupinthisarea.M:Really?Ididn’tknowthat.W:Ohyes,anditwasn’ttheperfectplaceyouimagine.Itwassafeandnotsocrowded,buttherewasrubbishanddirteverywhere.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakerswatching?A.Amovie. B.Astageperformance. C.ATVshow.11.Whatistheman’sjob?A.Acook. B.Asalesman. C.Amusician.12.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Informtheman. B.Encouragetheman. C.Consulttheman.【答案】10.B11.C12.B【解析】【原文】W:What’sthematter?M:That’sit.Igiveup.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Thisguyisamazing.I’veneverseenanybodyplaytheguitaronstagelikethatinperson.Imightaswellstoptrying.W:Butyou’regoodaswell.M:I’mnotinthesameleagueashim.It’stimethatIchangedmyprofessionandstartedsellinginsuranceorcookingpeople’sdinners.W:Don’tbesilly.Justusehimasinspiration.Bethebestyoucanbe.LotsofpeoplelikeyourmusicandIdo.M:Thankyouforyourfaith.W:Remember,themanwhowe'rewatchingoncecouldn’tplaytheguitaratall.Hehadtolearnandpracticetogettothislevel.M:Ibethepracticedeverydayofhislife.W:Haveconfidenceinyourability,andenjoytheshow.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whyhasthepicnicbeencancelled?A.Ithasbeenraining.B.Themanhasanotherplan.C.Thewomandislikespicnics.14.Whatdidthemandojustnow?A.Hewatchedagame. B.Heplayedsoccer. C.Hedidanexperiment.15.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelabouttheexhibition?A.Uninterested. B.Disappointed. C.Excited.16.Whichofthefollowingareshownintheexhibition?A.Jewelries. B.Oilpaintings. C.Sculptures.【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Ihatetotellyouthis,butthepicnichasbeencancelled.W:Becauseoftherain?M:Yes.W:Didyoustillplayyoursoccergame?M:Ohsure,wefinishedittenminutesago.Itwashardplayinginthemud.Everyonewasslippingandfalling.W:You’recrazy.Um,mylabexperimenthasalsobeencancelled,soIdon’thavemuchtodotonight.M:Youknow,myroommateisanartmajor.He’salwaystellingmeabouttheMinneapolisInstituteofArt.It’snotfarfromhere,andit’sfree.IheartheyevenhaveanumberofthingsfromChina.W:Really?Ican’tbelieveit!M:It’sevenmorethanthat.There’sevenaseparatehallforChinesecollections.W:IwonderwhatkindsofChinesecollectionsareshownthere.M:MyroommatesaystherearemanyinterestingthingslikeChinesewaterpaintings,handcrafts,jewelries,andotherfascinatingstuff.Wecangothereandlookaroundforawhile,andyoucantellmeallaboutthem.W:That’sgreat!Let’sgo.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Alectureonsuccess.B.Agraduationceremony.C.Aschoolawardceremony.18.Whatkindofschoolisit?A.Agirls’school. B.Aboys’school. C.Amixedschool.19.Whoisquotedinthetalk?A.Asportsman. B.Ateacher. C.Asinger.20.Whatdoesthespeakersayisthemostimportant?A.Confidence. B.Success. C.Trying.【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Goodevening,gentlemenandboys!Thankyouforbeingherethisevening.We’reheretocongratulatethetopachieversofthisyear.Theboysherehaveworkedhardinordertobeapartofthisceremony.Recognitionofachievementcanmakeuspushourselvesandreachourfullpotential.TheprizewinnersareatruerepresentationofeverythingthatwevaluehereatHamptonSchool.Ihaveeveryconfidencethatyouyoungmenwillbepreciselythekindofyoungpeoplewhowillmakeapositivedifferencetothecountryandtheworld.Yoursuccesswillbebuiltonbeingtruetoyourself.Youshouldrecognizeyourproblemsanddoubtsaswellasyourpositivequalities.IrememberlisteningtoaninterviewwithAndyMurray,oneofthetoptennisplayersintheworld.Afterhewasdefeatedinthefirstroundofatournamentbyamuchlowerrankedplayer,themediawentcrazy.However,Murraywasstraightforwardandwise.“Nobodydiedhere,”hesaid,“Ionlylostatennismatch,nothingmore.”Weareproudofourprizewinnerstoday.Theyshouldbeproudofthemselves.Butlet’sbeclear,ifyoulinkmotivationtowinningprizesinlife,yousetyourselfupfordisappointment.Thegreatestprizeofallisthatyoucanlookyourselfintheeyeandsay,“Itriedmyabsolutebest.”第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestCavesinTheWorldHangSonDoong,VietnamNaturalcavesdon’tcomemuchlargerthanHangSonDoong,closetotheborderbetweenLaosandVietnam.Thiscavepossessesthelargestcross-sectionofanyknowncaveontheplanet,avastareathatisdifficulttodescribe.Supposedly,aBoeing747couldflythroughwithoutdamagingitswings,butthatdoesn’treallydojusticetothevastnessofHangSonDoong.Thestalactites(鐘乳石)hereareprettymassivetoo,withsomereachingupto80metres.WaitomoCaves,NewZealandGlowworms(螢火蟲)arethere,asfarastheeyecansee.Okay,notliterally,buttheWaitomoCavesystemonNewZealand’sNorthIslandisbest-knownforthefluorescentfaunathatlightupthewalls,givingitthenot-particularly-creativebutcompletelyacceptable“GlowwormCaves”nickname.Theyaremoreaccessiblethanothercavesonthislist,withraftingandadventuretoursavailabletothoselookingforsomethingalittlemorethrilling.MammothCave,theUSAIfyouhavecertainexpectationsfromsomewherecalled“MammothCave”,thatisentirelyunderstandable.MammothCaveinKentuckyistheworld’slongestknowncavesystem,anincredible420milesofundergroundwonder.That’stwiceaslongasthenextlongest,bytheway,althoughitisn’tunusualfortheUSAtogoalloutonsuchthings.ReedFlute(蘆笛)Cave,ChinaNamedafterthereedsthatgrowoutside,whichareusedtomakeflutes,obviously,theReedFluteCave’swallsarecoveredwithinscriptionsfromcenturiesgoneby—ifevidencewasneededthatpeoplehavebeenpayingattentiontothisplaceforalongoldtime.Theinsidepartofthecaveisalsolitupbymulticolouredlights,givingitarealotherworldlythemethataddsweighttothenickname.21.WhatisspecialaboutHangSonDoong?A.Itwasonceabaseofafactory.B.Itisthedeepestcaveintheworld.C.Ithasthehigheststalactitesintheworld.D.Itownsthelargestcross-sectionintheworld.22.Whichofthefollowingcanbemucheasiertoenter?A.HangSonDoong. B.WaitomoCaves.C.MammothCave. D.ReedFluteCave.23.Whichcountryprobablyhasthelongestcavesystemintheworld?A.Vietnam. B.NewZealand. C.TheUSA. D.China.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界上的幾個(gè)洞穴：越南的韓松洞，新西蘭的懷托摩洞穴，美國的猛犸洞，中國的蘆笛洞。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“HangSonDoong,Vietnam”部分內(nèi)容“Thiscavepossessesthelargestcross-sectionofanyknowncaveontheplanet,avastareathatisdifficulttodescribe.(這個(gè)洞穴擁有地球上所有已知洞穴中最大的橫截面，面積之大難以形容)”可知，韓松洞的特別之處在于其擁有世界上最大的橫截面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“WaitomoCaves,NewZealand”部分內(nèi)容“Theyaremoreaccessiblethanothercavesonthislist,withraftingandadventuretoursavailabletothoselookingforsomethingalittlemorethrilling.(它們比這個(gè)名單上的其他洞穴更容易進(jìn)入，對(duì)于那些尋找更刺激的東西的人來說，可以進(jìn)行漂流和冒險(xiǎn)之旅)”可知，新西蘭的懷托摩洞穴在所列舉的洞穴中是更容易進(jìn)入的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“MammothCave,theUSA”部分內(nèi)容“MammothCaveinKentuckyistheworld’slongestknowncavesystem,anincredible420milesofundergroundwonder.(肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴是世界上已知最長(zhǎng)的洞穴系統(tǒng)，一個(gè)令人難以置信的420英里的地下奇跡)”可知，美國肯塔基州的猛犸洞穴有世界上最長(zhǎng)的洞穴系統(tǒng)。故選C項(xiàng)。BRaisedinafatherlesshome,myfatherwasextremelytightfistedtowardsuschildren.Hisattitudedidn’tsoftenasIgrewintoadulthoodanddriftedawaytocollege.IhadtoridethebuswheneverIcamehome.Thoughthebusstoppedabouttwomilesfromhome,Dadnevermetme,evenincoldweather.IfIgrumbled(嘟囔),he’dsayinhisloudestfathervoice,“That’swhatyourlegsarefor!”Thewalkdidn’tbothermeasmuchasthefearofwalkingalonealongthehighwayandcountryroads.Ialsofeltlessthanvaluedthatmyfatherdidn’tseemconcernedaboutmysafety.Thatfeelingwascanceledonespringevening.Ithadbeenaparticularlydifficultweekatcollegeafterlonghoursinlabs.Ilongedforhome.Whenthebusreachedastop,Isteppedoffanddraggedmysuitcasetobeginthelongjourneyhome.Arowofhedge(籬笆)edgedthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.OnceIhadturnedoffthehighwaytostartthelastlapofmyjourney,IwasalwaysrelievedtoseethehedgebecauseitmeantthatIwasalmosthome.Onthatparticularevening,thehedgehadjustcomeintoviewwhenIsawsomethinggraymovingalongthetopofthehedge,movingtowardthehouse.Uponcloserobservation,Irealizeditwasthetopofmyfather’shead.ThenIknew,eachtimeI’dcomehome,hehadstoodbehindthehedge,watching,untilheknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iswallowedhardagainstthethreateningtears.Hedidcare,afterall.Onlatervisits,thatspotofgraybecamemywatchtower.IcouldhardlywaituntilIwascloseenoughtowatchforitssecretmovementabovethegreenery.Uponreachinghome,Iwouldfindmyfathersittinginnocentlyinhischair.“So!Myson,it’syou!”he’dsay,hisfacelengtheningintopretendedsurprise.Ireplied,“Yes,Dad,it’sme.I’mhome.”24.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthetwo-milewalkhome?A.Itreflectedhisvalue.B.Itwasthemosttroublesome.C.Itwasn’trankednumberoneinhisconcerns.D.Itwasextremelyunbearableincoldweathers.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhesawthehedge?A.Disappointed. B.Hopeful. C.Frustrated. D.Regretful.26.Whydidtheauthor’sfatherwatchbehindthehedge?A.Theauthoroftenchangedroutesbackhome.B.Hewantedtohelptheauthorbuildupcourage.C.Hewasreallyconcernedabouthisson’ssafety.D.Thatwastheonlywayhecouldexpresshislove.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Father’sSecret. B.MyChildhoodLife.C.TerribleJourneyHome. D.RidingBusAlone.【答案】24.C25.B26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的父親表面上不關(guān)心自己的孩子，實(shí)際上會(huì)躲在樹籬后看著兒子回家，確保孩子的安全?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Thewalkdidn’tbothermeasmuchasthefearofwalkingalonealongthehighwayandcountryroads.(步行并沒有像獨(dú)自沿著高速公路和鄉(xiāng)間小路行走的恐懼那樣困擾我。)”可知，步行兩英里回家不是作者最擔(dān)心的事情，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Arowofhedge(籬笆)edgedthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.OnceIhadturnedoffthehighwaytostartthelastlapofmyjourney,IwasalwaysrelievedtoseethehedgebecauseitmeantthatIwasalmosthome.(一排籬笆沿著爬山到我們家的車道。一旦我離開高速公路開始我旅程的最后一圈，我總是松了一口氣，因?yàn)檫@意味著我快到家了。)”可知，作者看到樹籬時(shí)會(huì)覺得充滿希望，故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThenIknew,eachtimeI’dcomehome,hehadstoodbehindthehedge,watching,untilheknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iswallowedhardagainstthethreateningtears.Hedidcare,afterall.(然后我知道，每次我回家時(shí)，他都站在籬笆后面看著，直到他知道我安全到達(dá)。我強(qiáng)忍著眼淚狠狠地咽了口唾沫。畢竟，他確實(shí)在乎。)”可知，作者的父親在樹籬后面看著是因?yàn)樗娴年P(guān)心兒子的安全，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了作者的父親表面上不關(guān)心自己的兒子，實(shí)際上會(huì)躲在樹籬后看著兒子回家，確保孩子的安全，A項(xiàng)“Father’sSecret.(父親的秘密)”可以概括文章主題，故選A項(xiàng)。CDoyouhaveabrainformath?Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(腦神經(jīng)傳遞素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.Thenewstudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiology,recruited255subjectsextendingarangeofsix-yearoldsinprimaryschooltouniversitystudents.TheresearchfocusedonglutamateandGABA,knowntoplayaroleinbrainplasticity(可塑性)andlearning.Basedonpriorresearch,thefocuswasontwobrainregionslinkedwithmathematicalabilities—theleftintraparietalsulcus(IPS頂葉內(nèi)溝)andtheleftmiddlefrontalgyrus(MFG腦額中回).Theresultswereinterestinglydifferent.IntheyoungestsubjectshighGABAlevelsandlowglutamatelevelsintheleftIPSwereconsistentlyassociatedwithhighmathskills.Butintheolderuniversitygrouptheexactoppositewasseen:lowGABAandhighglutamatewerelinkedwithstrongmathematicalabilities.LevelsofbothneurotransmittersintheMFGdidnotassociatewithmathskills.Thegroupwastestedtwiceover18months,allowingtheresearcherstoseeiftheseneurotransmitterlevelscouldpredictmathematicalabilityintothefuture.Anditworked,withneurotransmitterlevelseffectivelypredictingone’ssuccessonmathtestscompletedayearandahalflater.AnotherrecentstudyfromthesameresearchteamlookedspecificallyatGABAlevelsinMFGof14to18yearoldsThatresearchindicatedMFGGABAlevelscouldeffectivelypredictwhetherastudentwasstillstudyingmathsorhadceasedthatsubjectyearsprior.CohenKadosh,oneoftheresearchersworkingonthestudy,saysthismayindicatematheducationcanhelpstimulatethedevelopmentofkeybrainregions.Furtherresearchwillworkonwhethercertainlearninginterventionscanhelpthosechildrenlessinterestedinmathsothesebrainregionsstillgetthedevelopmentalworkouttheyneed.“Noteveryadolescentenjoysmathssoweneedtoinvestigatepossiblealternatives,suchastraininginlogicandreasoningthatengagethesamebrainareaasmaths,”saysCohenKadosh.28.Whatisthenewstudyaimedat?A.Exploringmentaldevelopmentofthesubjects.B.Findingthetiebetweenbrainchemistryandmath.C.Testingthelinkbetweenbrainregions.D.Revealingthestructureofbrain.29.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefindings?A.ThelevelsofGABAdecideone’smathskills.B.LowMFGglutamatemeanspoormathability.C.NeurotransmittersintheMFGaffectmathskills.D.Matheducationmayhelpwithbraindevelopment.30.WhatcanbettermatheducationaccordingtoCohenKadosh?A.Studyingmorepossibleoptions.B.Tracingslowlearners’earlylearning.C.Trainingmathlearnersrespectively.D.Developingkeyrelevantbrainareas.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FactorsAffectingMathSkillsB.WaystoPromoteMathEducationC.BrainActivitiesInvolvedinMathStudyD.MathAbilityPredictedbyNeurotransmitters【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)這兩種關(guān)鍵神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的水平可以預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)學(xué)能力，這表明大腦化學(xué)可能在那些認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)容易的人中發(fā)揮作用。數(shù)學(xué)教育可能有助于大腦發(fā)育，同時(shí)開發(fā)關(guān)鍵的相關(guān)大腦區(qū)域能更好地進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)教育。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到“Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(腦神經(jīng)傳遞素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.(新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)這兩種關(guān)鍵神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的水平可以預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)學(xué)能力，這表明大腦化學(xué)可能在那些認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)容易的人中發(fā)揮作用。)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的目的是找出大腦化學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系。故選B?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二段講到“CohenKadosh,oneoftheresearchersworkingonthestudy,saysthismayindicatematheducationcanhelpstimulatethedevelopmentofkeybrainregions(參與這項(xiàng)研究的研究人員之一CohenKadosh表示，這可能表明數(shù)學(xué)教育有助于刺激大腦關(guān)鍵區(qū)域的發(fā)育)”可知，從這些發(fā)現(xiàn)中可以得知數(shù)學(xué)教育可能有助于大腦發(fā)育。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二段講到“Furtherresearchwillworkonwhethercertainlearninginterventionscanhelpthosechildrenlessinterestedinmathsothesebrainregionsstillgetthedevelopmentalworkouttheyneed.(進(jìn)一步的研究將著眼于某些學(xué)習(xí)干預(yù)措施是否可以幫助那些對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)不太感興趣的孩子，使這些大腦區(qū)域仍然得到他們需要的發(fā)展鍛煉)”可知，某些學(xué)習(xí)干預(yù)措施可以使得這些大腦區(qū)域得到發(fā)展鍛煉。因此，CohenKadosh認(rèn)為，開發(fā)關(guān)鍵的相關(guān)大腦區(qū)域能更好地進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)教育。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究。研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)這兩種關(guān)鍵神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的水平可以預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)學(xué)能力，這表明大腦化學(xué)可能在那些認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)容易的人中發(fā)揮作用。數(shù)學(xué)教育可能有助于大腦發(fā)育，同時(shí)開發(fā)關(guān)鍵的相關(guān)大腦區(qū)域能更好地進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)教育。文章第一段講到“Newresearchindicatesthatlevelsoftwokeyneurotransmitters(腦神經(jīng)傳遞素)—glutamate(谷氨酸)andgamma-aminobutyricacid(GABA)canpredictmathematicalabilities,suggestingbrainchemistrymaybeplayingaroleinthosewhofindmatheasy.(新的研究表明，谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)這兩種關(guān)鍵神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的水平可以預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)學(xué)能力，這表明大腦化學(xué)可能在那些認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)容易的人中發(fā)揮作用。)”可知，本文的最佳標(biāo)題是：神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)預(yù)測(cè)的數(shù)學(xué)能力。故選D。DPhilosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairun-split.Thereisnothingwrongwithclarity,precision,andthelike—butthisisn’ttheonlywaytodophilosophy.Outsideacademicjournals,abstractphilosophicalideasareoftenexpressedthroughliterature,cinema,andsong.There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上學(xué))ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一種魔法精靈)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“anti-realism”).AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhard-earnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskin-darkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofphilosophicalstories?A.Themeaningbehindisveryobvious.B.Theyamextremelypreciseandformal.C.Theyoftencauseconflictsamongreaders.D.Theyareengagingandinspirecriticalthinking.33.Whichcategorymight“Christmas”fallintoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Socialconstructionism. B.Anti-realism.C.Biologicalrealism. D.Literaryrealism.34.WhatisBlackNoMoreinparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Racialissuescausedbyskincolors.B.Asocietyviewonraceandself-image.C.Blackpeopleacceptedbythewhitesociety.D.Theoriginofsunbathingamongwhitepeople.35.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?AStoriesMadeEasy B.StoriestoThinkwithC.PositionsinPhilosophy D.NatureofPhilosophicalWriting【答案】32.D33.A34.B35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了哲學(xué)的抽象而復(fù)雜的理念往往是通過一個(gè)個(gè)有趣的小故事的形式體現(xiàn)的，它會(huì)啟發(fā)讀者思考?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.(沒有什么能像一個(gè)好故事那樣吸引人的注意力，有一些偉大的哲學(xué)故事會(huì)讓讀者感到愉悅和吸引人，而不是讓讀者昏昏欲睡)”以及第三段“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.(這其中最重要的一點(diǎn)是，與形式哲學(xué)不同的是，故事并不會(huì)把自己的意思掛在明面上——它們需要解釋，而且常常表達(dá)出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)，讓讀者糾結(jié))”可知，哲學(xué)故事可以使讀者有參與感和激發(fā)批判性思維。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上學(xué))ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一種魔法精靈)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“anti-realism”).(讓我們來考慮一下哲學(xué)家所稱之為種族的形而上學(xué)——這是探究種族是否真實(shí)的哲學(xué)問題。關(guān)于這個(gè)問題，你可能持有三個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)。你可能認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的種族寫在他們的基因中(被稱為“生物現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”)?；蛘撸憧赡苷J(rèn)為種族是社會(huì)上真實(shí)存在的，就像星期幾或貨幣一樣(“社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義”)。最后，你可能認(rèn)為種族是虛幻的——它們更像一種魔法精靈而不是星期四或美元(“反現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”))”可知，Christmas為一個(gè)節(jié)日，是社會(huì)的共有認(rèn)知，應(yīng)屬于“社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhard-earnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskin-darkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.(一個(gè)以社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義觀點(diǎn)來探討種族問題的精彩例子是喬治·斯庫勒的小說《不再是黑人》。在這本書中，一位名叫克魯克曼的黑人科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種讓黑人在外貌上無法與白人區(qū)分的程序。成千上萬的非洲裔美國人蜂擁而至克魯克曼的“黑不再”診所，并付出辛苦賺來的錢去接受手術(shù)。白人種族主義者再也無法區(qū)分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是表面上看起來像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克魯克曼發(fā)現(xiàn)新的白人實(shí)際上比天生如此的白人更白，從而引發(fā)了一個(gè)曬太陽變黑膚色的潮流，以使自己看起來更白皙)”可知，白人種族主義者再也無法區(qū)分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起來像白人的人。在最后一集中，克魯克曼發(fā)現(xiàn)新的白人實(shí)際上比那些生來是白人的人更白，這開啟了日光浴使皮膚變黑的趨勢(shì)——使其變黑，以便看起來不那么白。這段是關(guān)于種族和自我形象的社會(huì)觀。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Philosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairun-split.(哲學(xué)家以枯燥乏味的方式表達(dá)自己而臭名昭著。大多數(shù)哲學(xué)作品的理想是精確、清晰，以及那種不留痕跡的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.(像這樣富有哲理的故事給生活帶來了更多的技術(shù)作品。它們是用來思考的故事)”以及縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了哲學(xué)的抽象而復(fù)雜的理念往往是通過一個(gè)個(gè)有趣的小故事的形式體現(xiàn)的，它會(huì)啟發(fā)讀者思考，所以B項(xiàng)“StoriestoThinkwith(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Self-esteemistherulingviewyouhaveofyourself.Thisincludesyourbeliefsaboutyourinnerqualitiesandhowyouthinkothersseeyou.___36___Someonecandeveloplowself-esteemevenwhentheyarehighlyfunctionalandgreatlyskilled.Understandingthismysteriousemotionalcurrencymightbethekeytounlockingyourownself-worth.Peoplewithhealthyself-esteemdon'tneedtoboastaboutthemselvestoothers.Peoplewithlowself-esteemmaytellyouhowmucheveryonelovesthem,whatagreatjobtheydoatwork,andhowamazingtheyareatprettyeverythingunderthesuneventhoughtheyreallywonderifit'strue.Peoplemayseethemasobnoxiousor“fullofthemselves”.___37___Theyarenotshyaboutsharingideas,includingconstructivecriticismsofothers.Theyalsotakecareofthemselveswithoutsecond-guessingorapologizing.Theyarethepeoplewhowesayseem“sureofthemselves”.Ifyou'restartingtothinkyoumayhavelowself-esteem,youcanworkonthewayyoutalktoyourself.Whenyouturnoffnegativeself-talk,youcanopenthefloortopositivereinforcementsandaccessthecouragetoshowdifferentsidesofyourself.Itisn'tgoingtofeelgoodatfirst,though.Keepgoinguntilitbecomeslessandl