專題15 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (解析版)

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法填空專題應(yīng)對(duì)策略專題15非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法一作主語(yǔ)不定式特指的、具體某次或未來(lái)動(dòng)作：Toignorethiswouldbeamistake.動(dòng)名詞泛指的或抽象的行為Reportingthenewsistheirjob.Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.二作表語(yǔ)1)不定式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，具體、特定、未來(lái)：Myjobistopromotethenewproduct.2)動(dòng)名詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，一般或習(xí)慣：Hisjobiscollectingfolksongs.3)現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，令人……的：Thespystorywasthrilling.4)過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的感受或狀態(tài)，感到……的：Hewasthrilledatthesuggestion.三作賓語(yǔ)1)作介詞賓語(yǔ)一般用動(dòng)名詞：Dailypracticeisthetrickinlearningaforeignlanguage.2)含介詞的句型prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事waste/spend...(in)doingsth浪費(fèi)/花費(fèi)……做某事havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有困難thereisnosense(in)doingsth做某事是沒(méi)有意義的3)but,except(除……外)后用不定式:HedidnothingbutwatchTV.(不do無(wú)to)IhadnochoicebuttowatchTV.4)只接不定式的詞：want,hope,desire,long,expect,beg,apply,hesitate,refuse,decide,aim,choose,afford,offer,pretend,determine,manage,guarantee,attempt,seek,plan,intend,mean,promise,undertake,agree,fail,prepare,arrange,happen5)只接動(dòng)名詞的詞：suggest,advise,enjoy,avoid,imagine,admit,practise,escape,allow,permit,consider,miss,understand,finish,dislike,mind,include,risk,forbid,prevent,discuss,appreciate,forgive,pardon,excuse,keep(on),can’tstand,advocate6)接todo和doing意義有別：remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon,can’thelp7)to是介詞的詞組：beusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,beequalto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,feelupto,getdownto,applyoneselfto,contributeto,leadto,referto,adaptto,adjustto,objectto,turnto,respondto四作定語(yǔ)1)不定式發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)后：Ihaveseveralletterstowritetoday.2)動(dòng)名詞在名詞前說(shuō)明其用途：awashingmachine=amachineforwashing3)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行：Theboystanding(=whoisstanding)thereismybrother.4)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成：Thatisanabandonedcar(=acarwhichwasabandoned).五作狀語(yǔ)1.不定式1)表目的：Welearnalanguageinordertocommunicate.too...to/enoughto：Heisoldenoughtoknowrightfromwrong.2)表結(jié)果：too...to/enoughto：Heisoldenoughtoknowrightfromwrong.表令人不快之結(jié)果：Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.3)形容詞后Sheiseagertosucceed.2.現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)的：Thesunwasstrikingonthesea,makingitshine.(自然結(jié)果)Hesatinthechair,readinganewspaper.(伴隨)3.過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)的：ThePresidentarrived,followedbyhispersonalbodyguard.六作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：Theteacherencouragedthechildrentobehavewell.1)表主動(dòng)、全過(guò)程、經(jīng)常：IheardKatesingthesong.2)現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行：IheardKatesingingthesongjustnow.3)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成：IheardthesongsungbyKate.七h(yuǎn)ave+賓語(yǔ)+不定式/補(bǔ)語(yǔ)/現(xiàn)在分詞不定式：Withmuchhomeworktodo,Ican’tgotoplayfootballwithyou.現(xiàn)在分詞：Withtimegoingby,Igraduallyrealizetheimportanceofhealth.過(guò)去分詞：Withalltheworkdone,Icangohome.八have+賓語(yǔ)1)定語(yǔ)：Ihaveanarticletowrite.2)原形：Hehadmeplantatreethere.(命令或安排)過(guò)去分詞Ihadmymobilephonerepaired.(請(qǐng)人做)Ihadmylegbroken.(不幸遭遇)3)現(xiàn)在分詞：Shehadheraudiencelisteningattentively.九連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(主動(dòng))：Becarefulwhile(youare)crossingtheroad.過(guò)去分詞(被動(dòng))：When(hewas)askedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.考點(diǎn)考法1.不定式1)作主語(yǔ)：Ittookyearsofwork__________(reduce)theindustrialpollution…（答案為toreduce）2)作賓語(yǔ)：...butherefused________(stop).（答案為tostop）3)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：...heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.（答案為tostay）4)作狀語(yǔ)：a.表目的：Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.（答案為tosee）b.形容詞后：...you’llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome.（答案為tobring）...thewallsarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouse…（答案為tocool）2.動(dòng)名詞

作主語(yǔ)：________(have)teainthelateafternoonprovidesabridge...（答案為Having）作賓語(yǔ)：a.動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)...duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directly...（答案為looking）b.介詞賓語(yǔ)...stillreduceyourriskof_____(die)early...（答案為dying）3.現(xiàn)在分詞（表主動(dòng)）1)作定語(yǔ)：...arrangesquickgetawaysforpeople______(live)inShanghai.（答案為living）2)作表語(yǔ)(令人……的)：Nicktoldmeastory,whichwasvery____________(interest).（答案為interesting）3)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)：Peoplecookedtheirfood,______(use)twigs

toremoveit.（答案為using）4)連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens

offersusefullessons...

（答案為feeding）4.過(guò)去分詞（表被動(dòng)）1)作定語(yǔ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisor...（答案為conducted）2)作表語(yǔ)(感到……的)...hedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).（答案為challenged）3)連詞+過(guò)去分詞When_______(ask)whyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.（答案為asked）真題回顧語(yǔ)法填空在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2023年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Asalittlegirl,I___65___(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.[解析]句意:作為一個(gè)小女孩，我希望長(zhǎng)大后能成為一名動(dòng)物園管理員。根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Asalittlegirl可知,希望長(zhǎng)大后能成為一名動(dòng)物園管理員是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故填wished。2.(2023年全國(guó)乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____67____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.[解析]句意:在過(guò)去的十年里，我參觀了幾次，我對(duì)新舊共存和一個(gè)城市如何在不斷發(fā)展的同時(shí)能夠保留著這么豐富的遺產(chǎn)感到驚訝。.beamazedby----對(duì)-------感到驚訝，故填wasamazed。3.(2023年全國(guó)乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____70_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.[解析]分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處為主句的謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)為T(mén)heremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單數(shù)形式，故填means。4.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)___________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)willbe，故cover應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因cover和其邏輯主語(yǔ)theGPNP為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用v.-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)，故填Covering。5.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority_____________(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.[解析]句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量區(qū)域，將眾多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理混亂。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的不定式，故填toincrease。6.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Henryranonehundredmeters,jumpedovera1.2-meterfence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe________(fall)child.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞holdout，fall應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因child和fall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的含義，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，故填falling。7.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷)Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony(陽(yáng)臺(tái)),andclimbedup________(see)them.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞climbup，see應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他爬到陽(yáng)臺(tái)是為了看他們(外面玩鬧的孩子們)，故用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填tosee。8.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.[解析]因step為抽象名詞且前面有序數(shù)詞修飾，故用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填tojourney。9.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation______(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞decided，故hold應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因hold與InternationalCooperation之間在邏輯上為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填held。10.(2022年全國(guó)乙卷)Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind.[解析]因future和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞share之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“共享的”，故填shared。11.(2022年全國(guó)乙卷)_______________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.[解析]結(jié)合句意可知，此處表達(dá)“為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系”，需用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)，故填Tostrengthen。12.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.[解析]因itispossibletodosth為固定搭配，意為“做某事是可能的”，故填towalk。13.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)After__________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeaction…[解析]在介詞after后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填spending。14.(2021全國(guó)乙卷)It(Ecotourism)isdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome___________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics…[解析]在系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示“受過(guò)……教育(或訓(xùn)練)的”，故填educated。15.(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Minimizetheimpactof________(visit)theplace.[解析]在介詞后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填visiting。16.(2021全國(guó)乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim_________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.[解析]因aimtodosth為固定搭配，意為“旨在做某事”，故填tohave。17.(2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_____________(ache)legs.[解析]修飾名詞legs作定語(yǔ)，用aching或achy，表示“疼痛的”，故填aching或achy。18.(2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅱ卷)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,___________(think)itisfood.[解析]分析句子成分可知，賓語(yǔ)從句中已有謂語(yǔ)eat，故think應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因think與其邏輯主語(yǔ)seaanimals之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填thinking。19.(2021全國(guó)新高考Ⅱ卷)Idecidedtodosomething___________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.[解析]句中已有謂語(yǔ)decided，故educate應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式toeducate，故填toeducate。20.(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.[解析]作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式，usesthtodo意為“使用某物做……”，故填tofind。21.(2020全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearth________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.[解析]句中已有謂語(yǔ)represent，故come應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；此處為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與bestwishes并列作represent的賓語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為theearth，應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式，故填coming。22.(2020全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.[解析]此處為“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，decorate與其邏輯主語(yǔ)them之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填decorated。23.(2020全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.此處為“主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)，用動(dòng)詞不定式表被動(dòng)，故填tocare。24.(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout________(find)thewell-knownpainter.[解析]作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填tofind。25.(2020全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.[解析]因clouds和surround之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填surrounding。26.(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor________(walk)througharainforest.[解析]因or為并列連詞，連接livingatadifferenttimeinhistory與(walk)througharainforest，共同作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填walking。27.(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders_________(begin)computerclasses.[解析]因Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth是固定搭配，故填tobegin。28.(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)areexpensive(系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)),動(dòng)詞perform應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ),只能用動(dòng)詞不定式,故填toperform。29.(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby_______(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.[解析]在介詞后用動(dòng)名詞，故填noting。30.(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for______(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.[解析]介詞for后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填being。31.(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans__________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.[解析]名詞plan后接不定式作后置定語(yǔ),表示“……的計(jì)劃”，故填toretire。32.(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Whenwegotacall_______(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.[解析]因call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞saying作后置定語(yǔ)，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，故填saying。33.(2019全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake________(get)there.[解析]此處為“ittakes/took+時(shí)間+todosth”固定句型，表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”。其中，it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填toget。34.(2019全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm,_________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.[解析]句中已有謂語(yǔ)invited,故listen應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;又由we與listen在邏輯上存在著主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，故填listening。35.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.[解析]句中已有謂語(yǔ)run，故see應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式tosee，故填tosee。36.(2018全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_______(die)earlybyrunning.[解析]在介詞后用動(dòng)名詞。順便提提，雖然也可用名詞death作賓語(yǔ)，但有副詞early修飾，所以只能用動(dòng)名詞dying。37.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile_________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide”,saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.[解析]因feed與其邏輯主語(yǔ)China之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其動(dòng)詞ing形式，構(gòu)成“連詞+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填feeding。38.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.[解析]由于avoid后習(xí)慣上用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，即avoiddoingsth，意為“避免做某事”，故填looking。39.(2018全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.[解析]因allowsbtodosth為固定搭配，意為“允許某人做某事”，故填tostay。40.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_______________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.[解析]由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主補(bǔ)，故填toprocess。41.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_______(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof…[解析]與前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding為并列關(guān)系，一起作included的賓語(yǔ)；根據(jù)“并列一致”可知，也應(yīng)用-ing形式，故填laying(鋪)?？记榉治隹记椋簭淖罱鼛啄陙?lái)看，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空中是必考點(diǎn)，每年1~3道，考點(diǎn)集中在以下方面：1.不定式1)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如allowsbtodosth,requiresbtodosth,invitesbtodosth等。2)只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。如aimtodosth,wanttodosth,refusetodosth等。3)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。（見(jiàn)2022年新高考Ⅰ卷、2022年新高考Ⅱ卷、2022年全國(guó)乙卷、2021年新高考Ⅱ卷、2020年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷、2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷和2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。（見(jiàn)2022年全國(guó)甲卷、2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）5)固定搭配中的不定式。如itispossibletodosth、beeagertodosth,ittakessbsometimetodosth,belikelytodosth,beadj.enoughtodosth等。2.動(dòng)名詞1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。2)動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)。這是到目前為止，考頻最高的，在六年各卷中考了8次。3)只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。如avoid,include,keep等。4)固定句型中的動(dòng)名詞。如spend…doingsth等。3.現(xiàn)在分詞1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。（見(jiàn)2022年新高考Ⅱ卷、2021年新高考Ⅰ卷和2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。（見(jiàn)2022年新高考Ⅰ卷、2021年新高考Ⅱ卷和2019年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷）4.過(guò)去分詞1)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。(見(jiàn)2021年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。(見(jiàn)2020全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。(見(jiàn)2022年全國(guó)甲卷、2022年全國(guó)乙卷和2020年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)5.有特殊要求的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)有的動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式而不能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如ask,demand,plan,intend,mean(計(jì)劃),manage,do/tryone’sbest,makeanattempt,learn,wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer(希望；愿意),agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,choose,makeadecision,makeupone’smind,offer(主動(dòng)提出),apply,help,fail(不能；沒(méi)有),prepare,pretend,refuse,happen(碰巧),afford(負(fù)擔(dān)得起)等。(2)有的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式。如allow,permit,consider,suggest,advise,keep(on)(反復(fù);不停),finish,imagine,practice,understand,appreciate,enjoy(喜歡),miss(錯(cuò)過(guò);懷念),prevent,forbid,escape(避免),include,forgive,pardon,excuse(原諒),dislike(厭惡),discuss,report(報(bào)道),admit,mind(介意),risk,can’tstand,burstout,feellike,insiston,delay,putoff(推遲),giveup,bebusy,beworth等。(3)下列動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同：remembertodo(記住去做)，rememberdoing(記得做過(guò))；forgettodo(忘記去做)，forgetdoing(忘記做過(guò))；regrettodo(遺憾地做)，regretdoing(后悔做了)；trytodo(設(shè)法做)，trydoing(試做)；goontodo(接著做另一件事)，goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一件事)；meantodo(打算做)，meandoing(意味著)；stoptodo(停下來(lái)去做)，stopdoing(停止做)；can’thelptodo(不能幫助做)，can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。(4)在介詞后一般用動(dòng)名詞，下面是一些含介詞的固定句式(其中有的介詞有時(shí)會(huì)被省略)：prevent/stop/keep…fromdoing(阻止……做……)；spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing(在做……方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢)；How/Whataboutdoingsth(做……怎么樣？)；havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing(在做……方面有些困難)；haveahardtimeindoingsth(做某事很艱難);thereisnosenseindoing(做……是沒(méi)有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth(因做某事而感謝/原諒/羨慕/表?yè)P(yáng)/責(zé)備/責(zé)罵/懲罰某人)等。(5)to是介詞的固定詞組很多，常見(jiàn)的有：lookforwardto(盼望),devote…to/bedevotedto(致力于),be/getusedto(習(xí)慣),leadto(導(dǎo)致),getdownto(開(kāi)始認(rèn)真),payattentionto(注意),referto(談到),pointto(指向),turnto(轉(zhuǎn)向),objectto(反對(duì)),equalto(等于；能勝任),belongto(屬于)等。(6)在表示“需要”的need,want,require等后用v.-ing的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，此時(shí)也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。(7)在make,let,have(使；讓)等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略不定式符號(hào)to，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加上to。在hear,see,watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，用原形表示動(dòng)作全過(guò)程；用現(xiàn)在分詞表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生；若是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原形前要加上to。解法：當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先要看句中是否已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞了，如果有了，空格前又沒(méi)有并列連詞，那就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)，需考慮用哪種形式。(1)是否是作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。(2)是否是固定句型或固定搭配。(3)是否是位于只能接不定式或只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。(4)作目的狀語(yǔ)，只能用不定式。(5)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)通常要用現(xiàn)在分詞。(6)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)與所修飾詞的關(guān)系，判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。模擬操練語(yǔ)法填空在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.(2023屆湖北黃岡期中測(cè)試)After_________(learn)firstaid,studentsvolunteertohelppeoplewhohavehadaccidentsinthewater.[解析]介詞(after)后用動(dòng)名詞，故填learning。2.(2023屆重慶第四次質(zhì)檢)While________(cut)outcarbohydrates(碳水化合物)maybegoodforpeople,alow-carbondietusuallyisrecommendedonlyforashortperiodoftime.[解析]從句中maybe是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句缺主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，故填cutting。3.Iwastryingtostay__________(focus)onamagazinearticlethattrulyinterestedme,buttryashardasIcould,theirenergykeptdistracting(使分心)me.[解析]句中stay是作“保持”解的系動(dòng)詞，意為“保持專注”，用-ed分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)，故填focused。4.(2020屆福建福州期末)____________(stop)thegradualprocessofclimatechange,letalonechangingitaroundabsolutely,canseemimpossibleattimes.[解析]句中canseem是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子缺主語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，故填Stopping。5.(2023屆遼寧沈陽(yáng)期中考試)After______________(offer)aweek-longbinge(大吃大喝)ofwaffles,milkshakesandsimilarlyrichfoods,thevolunteerswhousedtobehealthyscoredworseonmemorytestsandexperiencedagreaterdesiretoeatjunkfood.[解析]作介詞after的賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞；又因volunteers與offer之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填beingoffered。6.(2023屆廣東普寧階段檢測(cè))Itisabigchallenge_______(find)andkeeptherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsites.[解析]這是Itis+n.+todosth(做某事是……)句型。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的不定式tofindandkeep…作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填tofind。7.(2023屆浙江溫州一模)That’swhereseedbankscomein,andtheirgoalis______________(preserve)asmanyplantspeciesaspossible.[解析]說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，指未來(lái)的行為，用不定式作表語(yǔ)，故填topreserve。8.AheavyfloodinGangesriverpreventedthepeople______(live)thenormalcitylife.[解析]由preventsb(from)doing可知，故填living。9.“Today,whenIheardthattheBritishLibraryiscollectingChineseonlineliterature,I’m__________(delight)foronlineliterature.”sheadds.[解析]在系動(dòng)詞am后作表語(yǔ)用形容詞，修飾人的感情，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞，意為“感到愉快的”，故填delighted。10.Science,tomanyschool-agedchildren,seems________(bore)anddifficult.[解析]句中seems是系動(dòng)詞，須接表語(yǔ)；指科學(xué)“令人厭倦的”，用-ing分詞作表語(yǔ)，故填boring。11.Thechildren’sTVshowissopopularbecauseitisoneofthefewthatfamiliescanenjoytogetherwithoutadultsfeeling________(bore).[解析]在系動(dòng)詞feel后須接表語(yǔ)，表示人“感到無(wú)聊的”，用-ed分詞作表語(yǔ)，故填bored。12.Thedaysseem______(be)gettinglongerandthetimebecomeshardertofillin.[解析]因seemtodosth(似乎要做某事)為固定搭配，故填tobe。13.(2023屆廣東汕頭質(zhì)檢)Inadditionto_________(make)herincrediblypopular,herlinguisticpowershavemadeiteasierforhertocommunicatewithforeigntourists.[解析]因inadditionto(除了……以外)為固定搭配，其中to為介詞，后接v.-ing形式，故填making。14.(2023屆廣西北海一模)Oneoflocalresidentssaidthatherincomeroseto3,000yuanamonthafter_____________(hire)byanewlybuiltfoodfactory,whilepreviouslyshehadbeenonlyabletomakealittlemoney.[解析]因Oneoflocalresidents與hire在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且位于介詞after后，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，故填beinghird。15.(2023屆廣東廣州調(diào)研測(cè)試)They’realsoexpected_________(apply)delicatemake-up,putonheavycostumes,dependingontheircharacter.[解析]因beexpectedtodosth為固定搭配，意為“被期望做某事”，故填toapply。16.(2023屆浙江湖州聯(lián)考)Ifyoustillwanttotextwhilewalking,youcouldavoid___________(fine)byusingavoice-controlleddigitalassistant.[解析]因avoid后習(xí)慣上用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意為“避免做某事”；又由空后的by可知，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“避免被罰款”，故填beingfined。17.Inhisopinion,reducingthequantityofthingsweproducecanleadtosomepeople_______(lose)theirjobs.[解析]因leadto中的to是介詞，后用動(dòng)名詞,其中somepeople是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，故填losing。18.However,aspeoplegrowolder,friendshipsbecomemoreimportantthanfamilyrelationshipswhenitcomesto__________(predict)healthandhappiness.[解析]因whenitcomesto(當(dāng)談到)中的to是介詞，用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填predicting。19.InspiredbyCrazyHorse,ChineseartistSongPeilundevotedhislifeto____________(build)amemorialtotheartisticcultureofYelangValley.[解析]因devoteone’slifetodoingsth為固定搭配，其中，to為介詞，意為“獻(xiàn)身于做某事”，故填building。20.Inthefirstplace,ithappensthatwehavetrouble____________(express)ourmindswithappropriatewordsandphrases.[解析]因havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth(做某事有困難)是固定句型，故填expressing。21.Theteacheraskedthemthedifficultytheyhad___________(achieve)theirdreams.[解析]因havedifficulty(in)doingsth是固定句型。句中(that)theyhad是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾difficulty。22.Myusualeveningisspent_________(watch)TVandscrolling(上下移動(dòng))throughsocialmedia.[解析]由spend…(in)doing可知，故填watching。23.(2023屆山東濟(jì)南期中考試)Thebooks_________(donate)onTuesdaynotonlyprovideachanceofpromotingChinesecultureandtourism,butarealsoapreciousgiftoffriendshipfromthepeopleofNanjingtotheMaltesepeople.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞provide，故donate應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因donate與books為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填donated。24.(2023屆廣東佛山順德質(zhì)檢)Heaimed__________(break)theoldsexistadvocacythatitwaswomen’svirtuetohavenotalents.[解析]因aimtodosth為固定搭配，意為“旨在做某事”，故填tobreak。25.(2023屆四川瀘州一診)HealsogiveslecturesaboutthefightagainstdesertificationatschoolsofAlshaaLeague,hoping________(raise)awarenessamongyoungpeople.[解析]因hopetodosth為固定搭配，意為“希望做某事”，故填toraise。26.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail__________(enjoy)thecoffee.[解析]因failtodosth(未能做某事)是固定搭配，故填toenjoy。27.Wejustremembertheimportantinformationwhichmakesiteasyforus_________(make)wisedecisions.[解析]因make/find/considerit+adj.+(forsb)todosth［使得/發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為(某人)做某事很……］是固定句型，其中it是形式賓語(yǔ)，(forsb)todosth是真正的賓語(yǔ)make，故填tomake。28.Althoughtheserobotscannotgoupanddown,theyknowhow__________(press)abuttonofanelevator.[解析]這是“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作動(dòng)詞know的賓語(yǔ)，故填topress。29.(2023屆吉林一調(diào))JustasmanystudentslearntoplayWesternmusicalinstruments,therearemanypeople___________(learn)traditionalChinesefolkarts,includingShaanxikuaiban.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；people與learn是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，故填learning。30.(2023屆浙江杭州一模)Thebluewhale,_________(weigh)morethaneventhebiggestdinosaurs,isthelargestanimalthathaseverlived.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，所以weigh應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；主語(yǔ)whale(鯨魚(yú))與動(dòng)詞weigh(重量為)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，故填weighing。31.(2023屆四川綿陽(yáng)一診)Itbeginswithaseedandendswithamatureplant_____________(produce)newseeds.[解析]因本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begins和ends，故produce應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因produce和其邏輯主語(yǔ)plant為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填producing。32.(2023屆河南焦作期中考試)Theyfollowedthis____________(amaze)creatureforthreedaysandnights,butitfinallydisappearedintheforest.[解析]在名詞creature前作定語(yǔ)，用amaze的形容詞形式amazing，表示“令人驚奇的”，故填amazing。33.(2023屆廣東廣州階段訓(xùn)練)TheseheritagesiteseffectivelyprotectedChina’srepresentativegeologicalrelics,mountains,forestsandlakes,alongwiththerareand____________(endanger)animalandplantspecies.[解析]修飾名詞animalandplantspecies應(yīng)用形容詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，表示“瀕危的”，故填endangered。34.(2023屆吉林一調(diào))YangJinlong,45,isan___________(experience)ShaanxiKuaibanartist.[解析]修飾名詞ShaanxiKuaibanartist應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”，故填experienced。35.(2023屆廣東大灣區(qū)一模)TheChineseLittleNewYearisnota______(fix)festivalasitvarieswithlocalcustoms.[解析]修飾名詞festival應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“固定的”，故填fixed。36.(2023屆四川遂寧零診)Tofundtheirefforts,theysoldmostoftheirfarmanimalsandtherewereonly6sheep______(leave)tosupportthemselves.[解析]因6sheep與leave是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。句意：只剩下6只羊用于養(yǎng)活他們，故填left。37.(2023屆湖南郴州一檢)Thelibraryusuallyselectsworks________(base)ontheirpopularityorbyconsideringanitem’svalue.[解析]句中有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞selects，故base應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又由bebasedon(以……為根據(jù))固定搭配可知，要用過(guò)去分詞形式，故填based。38.(2023屆山東煙臺(tái)期中考試)DirectorLiuHongyanalsopresentedadocumentary(紀(jì)錄片)____________(feature)Chinesecharacters.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞presented，所以feature應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因documentary與feature(以……為特色)兩者存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填featuring。39.(2023屆湖北黃岡期中測(cè)試)Headdedthatifstudentsfoundaspecifictopicattractive,theywouldfocusonitandonlytakepartinthelabourclass________(relate)tothattopic.[解析]前面已有謂語(yǔ)takepartin，所以relate應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又由berelatedto固定搭配可知，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填related。40.(2023屆江蘇鎮(zhèn)江期中調(diào)研)Afolkmusicpiece______(title)“PicturesqueZhejiang”raisedthecurtainstotheopeningceremonyofthisevent,featuringtypicalelementsofZhejiang,suchassilk,tea,bamboo,andpoetry.[解析]后面已有謂語(yǔ)raised，所以title應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因folkmusicpiece與title是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示“一曲名為《風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的浙江》的民間音樂(lè)”，故填titled。41.(2023屆山東濰坊期中測(cè)試)However,dozensofcivilizationshadbeenaroundlongbeforetheGreeksandRomans,thelesser-knownJiahupeople________(include).[解析]分析句子成分可知，邏輯主語(yǔ)thelesser-knownJiahupeople和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞include是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。順便一提，included只用于名詞后，如果在名詞前，則需用including，故填included。42.(2023屆浙江湖州、麗水、衢州質(zhì)檢)ThefirsteSportseventwastheone______(hold)byStanfordUniversityinthe1970s,forthegameSpacewar![解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，故hold應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因theone與hold之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填held。43.(2023年1月浙江卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,____________(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，故surround應(yīng)作為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因theForbiddenCity與surround為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填surrounded。44.(2023屆四川遂寧零診)Now,althoughWangissufferingfromserioushealthproblemsandisinhislate70s,hehasnoplans________(quit)hismission.[解析]因havenoplanstodosth為固定搭配，用不定式作定語(yǔ)，表示“沒(méi)有計(jì)劃去做某事”toquit，故填toquit。45.(2023屆江蘇揚(yáng)州期中考試)Afterabout12daysoffight,theChang’e3probesuccessfullysoft-landedonthelunarsoil,becomingthefirstChinesespacecraftonthemoon.AndChinaisthefirstcountry________________________(reach)thisgoalinnearlyfourdecades.[解析]在有序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后，一般用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填toreach。46.Throughtheoldman’sstruggle,heshowstheabilityofhumanspirit__________(bear)hardshipandsufferinginordertoobtaingreatersuccessandvictory.[解析]由theabilitytodosth(做某事的能力)是習(xí)慣搭配，故用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填tobear。47.(2023屆廣西南寧摸底測(cè)試)AutumnEquinox(秋分)liesatthemidpointofautumn,__________(divide)autumnintotwoequalparts.[解析]因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lies，所以divide應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；AutumnEquinox(秋分)與divide是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，故填dividing。48.Foodscientistsaretryingtodevelopways_________(reduce)thebitterness…[解析]表示“做某事的方法”，way后習(xí)慣上接todosth或ofdoingsth，故填toreduce或ofreducing。49.Perhapsthiswaseveryone’sThanks-giving,notforthematerialthingsgiventousbutforthechance,inwhateversmallway,________(give)toothers.[解析]表示“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)或可能性”，thechance后通常接todosth或ofdoingsth。注意，此處的thechance與togivetoothers之間被inwhateversmallway隔開(kāi)了,故填togive。50.(2023屆江蘇常州期中考試)She’soneofseveralartistsinterviewedwhowereunhappytolearnthatpicturesoftheirworkwereusedwithoutsomeone___________(inform)them,askingforconsent,orpayingfortheiruse.[解析]此處是without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，因someone與inform之間在邏輯上為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。另外，也可由asking和paying可知，inform與asking和paying并列，也應(yīng)用-ing形式,故填informing。51.(2023屆陜西寶雞一檢)Withauniquecivilization________(date)backover5,000years,Chinahasalwaysbeenaplaceofspecialfascinationforforeigners.[解析]這是“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，civilization與dateback(追溯)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，故填dating。52.Thereareplentyo