奶牛營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

成年母牛維持營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要體重日干糧奶牛能量產(chǎn)奶凈能粗蛋白可消化粗小腸可消化鈣磷胡蘿卜維生素A（kg）物質(zhì)（kg）單位（NND）（MJ）（g）蛋白（g）粗蛋白（g）(g)(g)素（mg）(國(guó)際單位)3505.029.1728.79374243202211637150004005.5510.1331.08413268224241842170004506.0611.0734.73451293244272048190005006.5611.9737.57488317264302253210005507.0412.8840.38524341284332558230006007.5213.7343.10559364303362764260006507.9814.5945.77594386322393069280007008.4415.4348.41628408340423274300007508.8916.2450.96661430358453479320001.對(duì)第一個(gè)泌乳期的維持需要按表下表基礎(chǔ)增加20％，第二個(gè)泌乳期增加10％。2.如第一個(gè)泌乳期的年齡和體重過(guò)小，應(yīng)按生長(zhǎng)牛的需要計(jì)算實(shí)際增重的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要。3.上表沒(méi)考慮到放牧運(yùn)動(dòng)能量消耗。4.在環(huán)境溫度低的情況下，維持能量消耗增加，需在下表基礎(chǔ)上增加需要量，按正文說(shuō)明計(jì)算。5.泌乳期間，每增重1kg體重需要增加8NND和325gDCP；每減重1kg需扣除6.56NND和250gDCP。每產(chǎn)1kg奶的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要乳脂日糧干物質(zhì)奶牛能量產(chǎn)奶凈能粗蛋白質(zhì)可消化小腸可消化鈣磷率（％）進(jìn)食量(kg)單位（NND）（MJ）（g）粗蛋白（g）粗蛋白質(zhì)（g）(g)(g)2.50.31—0.350.802.516849423.62.43.00.34—0.380.872.727451443.92.63.50.37—0.410.932.938053464.22.84.00.40—0.451.003.148555474.53.04.50.43—0.491.063.358957494.83.25.00.46—0.521.133.529759515.13.45.50.49—0.551.193.7210261535.43.6母牛妊娠最后四個(gè)月每天的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要體重kg懷孕月份日糧干物質(zhì)kg/d奶牛能量單位產(chǎn)奶凈能MJ/d粗蛋白質(zhì)可消化粗蛋白質(zhì)g/d小腸可消化粗蛋白質(zhì)g/d鈣g/d磷g/d胡蘿卜素mg/d維生素AIU/dNND/d（g）35065.7810.5132.974512932452718672776.2811.4435.9518327275312087.2313.1741.34629375317372298.715.8449.54777437370452540066.311.4735.994893182673020763076.8112.438.92557352297342287.7614.1344.36668400339402499.2216.852.72815462392482745066.8112.438.925283432873322863477.3213.3341.84595377317372488.2715.0747.28706425359432699.7317.7355.65854487412512950067.3113.3241.85653673073625953877.8214.2544.73632401337402788.7815.9950.177434493794629910.2418.6558.54891511432543255067.814.244.5660239132739271054278.3115.1347.49669425357432989.2616.8752.937804733994931910.7219.5361.3928535452573460068.2715.0747.2863741434642291144678.781650.21705448376463189.7317.7355.658154964185233911.220.464.02963558471603665068.7415.9249.9667143636545311245079.2516.8552.897384703954933810.2118.5958.338495184375535911.6721.2566.7997580490633870069.2216.7652.670545838348341335379.7117.6955.537724924135236810.6719.4360.978835404