Unit4NevertoooldGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版(2020)選擇性

新牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修四Unit4Nervertoooldtolearn

GrammarandUsage◆Simplesentences(簡單句)◆Compoundsentences(并列句)◆Complexsentences(復(fù)合句)◆

Compound-complexsentence(并列復(fù)合句)Focuson基本結(jié)構(gòu)AnalysisofcomplicatedsentencesReadandpointouttheirsentencepatterns.Allofuslaughed!Imissmygrandma.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Hetoldusafunnystory.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.Hetalkedtoomuch.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.主語+謂語

(SV)主語+謂語+賓語

(SVO)主語+謂語+表語

(SVP)主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

(SVOO)主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)主語+謂語+狀語

(SVA)主語+謂語+賓語+狀語(SVOA)Asimplesentencecontainsa_________anda________.ObserveandsaysubjectverbSimplesentence(簡單句)對下列句子的成份進(jìn)行劃分Thingschanged.Treesaregreen.Wedon’tbeatchildren.Hegavehissisterthepiano.Ifoundthebookeasy.簡單句含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子稱為簡單句。有時，簡單句中包含賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等，使得句子變得很長。要準(zhǔn)確地理解句子，需要理清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，找到主語和謂語。1.

介詞短語作修飾語，在句中作定語或狀語。Incommunication,asmileisusuallyastrongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude.在交流時，微笑通常是表達(dá)友好和開放的態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈信號。狀語定語Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleyscanbetakenincolor.用新的科技，水底的山谷能被拍出彩色照片。狀語定語簡單句2.

非謂語作修飾語，在句中作定語或狀語。________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.在一部新電影中，安迪被給予了一個重要角色，獲得了一個出名的機(jī)會。過去分詞短語作狀語MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國建成了越來越多的公路，這使得人們從一個地方到另一個地方旅游變得容易多了?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語MoreTVprogrammeswillbeproduced_________(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.還要制作更多的電視節(jié)目以提高對食品安全的關(guān)注。不定式短語作目的狀語Offeredmakingtoraise簡單句3.

形容詞（短語）作修飾語，在句中作定語或狀語。Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.托尼既驚訝又高興，站起來接受了獎品。作伴隨狀語Afterschool,heattendedclasses________(relate)tohischosenoccupation.放學(xué)后，他參加了與他選擇的職業(yè)有關(guān)的課程。作定語Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some________(have)alifespanofaround20years.蝙蝠是壽命長得驚人的生物，有些能生存約20年。4.

獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作修飾語，在句中作狀語。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog___________(follow)them.這對老夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后在公園散步，他們的寵物狗跟著他們。relevanthavingfollowingCompoundsentence(并列句)Readthefollowingsentences.Circlethelinkingwordsandunderlinethemainclauses.1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.由并列連詞或其他并列手段連接兩個或兩個以上的簡單句而成的句子叫作并列句?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。“but”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系不同的并列連詞表示并列分句之間的不同關(guān)系。1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.“and”表并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有:and,both…and…,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等。“or”表選擇關(guān)系表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關(guān)系的并列連詞有:but,yet,whereas,while等。表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有:or,orelse,otherwise,either…or…,not…but…等。“so”表因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:so,for,thus,therefore等?！皁r”表結(jié)果關(guān)系表示條件或結(jié)果的常用句型有:祈使句+and/or+陳述句并列句Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,_____youarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.有多達(dá)五門的課程，并且你可以任意選擇最適合你的一門。1.

并列關(guān)系

常用的連詞有and（并且），when（就在這時），notonly...

but(also)...（不僅……而且……），neither...nor...（既不……也不……）等。NotonlydoesshespeakSpanish,_____she’salsogoodatcomputers.她不僅會說西班牙語，還精通計算機(jī)。并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個或更多的分句構(gòu)成的句子，常見的并列連詞有and，or，but等。要準(zhǔn)確理解并列句，需要找到并列連詞并弄清楚各分句之間的關(guān)系。notonly后的分句要部分倒裝andbut并列句Thistimewereallyneedtosucceed,_______peoplewillstartgivingusfunnylooks.這次我們真的需要成功，否則人們會開始用異樣的眼光看我們。2.

選擇關(guān)系

常用的連詞有or（或者，否則），otherwise（否則），or

else（否則），either…or…（要么……要么……）。Eitherhecouldnotcome_____hedidnotwantto.他要么是不能來，要么就是不想來。Don’tstartgivingmeproblems;___________I’llhavetobeveryunpleasantindeed.不要開始給我找麻煩，否則我就不客氣了。orelseotherwiseor并列句There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery______anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.無從知曉為何一個人會有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而另一個似乎同樣聰慧的人卻沒能做到。3.

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

常用的連詞有but（但是），while（然而），yet（可是）等。She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,_____shelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.她原來住在倫敦和曼徹斯特，但這兩個地方她都不喜歡，所以她搬到了劍橋。I’vebeenawayonlyforthreeyears,_____Icanhardlyrecognizemyhometown.我僅在外三年，可我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出我自己的故鄉(xiāng)了。while

butyet并列句Theresearchlackssolidevidence,_____itsconclusionsaredoubtful.這項研究缺乏可靠的證據(jù)，因此，它的結(jié)論值得懷疑。4.

因果關(guān)系常用的連詞有for（因為）和so（所以，因此）等。Welistenedeagerly,_____hebroughtnewsofourfamilies.我們急不可待地聽著，因為他帶來了我們家人的消息。for意為“因為”，for引導(dǎo)的分句是對前面分句的補(bǔ)充說明。sofor特殊并列連詞及并列句1.when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時、那時”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(1)“beabouttodosth.when...”意為“正要做某事，這時突然……”；我正要上床睡覺，這時電話突然響起。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.(2)“beonthepointofdoingsth.when...”意為“正要做某事，這時突然…”；(3)“bedoingsth.when...”意為“正在做某事，這時突然……”；(4)“had(just/already)donesth.when...”意為“剛做完某事，這時突然…”。2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”，有時祈使句部分也可用名詞短語，表條件或結(jié)果。Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebutton______ahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅摁一下這個按鈕，一個訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會給你所需要的幫助。Startoutrightaway,____

we'llmissthefirsttrain.立刻出發(fā)，否則的話，我們將要錯過首班車。andor并列連詞的考查主要集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”、and表示并列、yet/but表示轉(zhuǎn)折、or表示選擇、so表示因果、while表示對比、when表示“突然”等方面。Complexsentence(復(fù)合句)Readthefollowingsentences.Marktheclauses,andidentifythetypesoftheclauses.1.Whatsurprisedmemostwashiswayofspeaking.

2.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.3.Ifeltthatshehadastrongwill.4.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.5.TheletterthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.6.Asshehadapassionforwalking,westartedoffonfoot.

主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句定語從句（原因）狀語從句由一個主句和一個或一個以上從句合成的句子叫作復(fù)合句。從句可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語或狀語，即從句可為定從、狀從和名詞性從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Hetoldme

thenews.賓語thatthematchhadbeencancelled.賓語從句howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.whenhewasleavingforParis.Thatsurprisedthepeople

intheroom.主語Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerWhathesaidwhathedid定語whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句That

isthefact.what

heneeds.whathegaveme.why

hewaslate.because

hewasill.what

hashappened.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Heworked

inthatfactory地點狀語Hisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.whereIlivedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.時間狀語whenhelivedthereHelivedtherethreeyearsago.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句Putthebook

onthedesk.地點狀語whereitwas.where

youfoundit.whereyoutookit.用所給連詞連接句子Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(條件)We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Compound-complexsentence(并列復(fù)合句)Readthefollowingsentence.Circlethelinkingwordandunderlinethemainclauses,thenmarktheclauses.Manymenwhospendtheirworkinglifeinthecitydevotetheirweekendstovoluntarytoilintheirgardens,andwhenthespringcomes,theyexperienceallthejoyofhavingcreatedbeauty.兩個或兩個以上并列的分句，其中一個或多個又是主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，這種句子被稱為并列復(fù)合句。定語從句時間狀語從句ApplyingtherulessimplesentenceAsentencethatonlyhasoneindependentclause.Itcontainsonesubjectandoneverb.Itcanexpressacompleteidea.

Vocationaleducationisnotanewidea.subjectlinkverb(系動詞）Exploringtherulescompoundsentenceasentencemadefromtwoindependentsentencesjoinedby“and”,“or”,or“but”.

Intoday'srapidlydevelopingsociety,vocationaleducationisbecomingmoreandmorevaluableanditgivesapplicantanadvantageinthejobmarket.twoindependentsentencesExploringtherulescomplexsentenceAcomplexsentencecontainsamainpartandoneormoreotherparts.Vocationaleducationisnolessimportantthanacademiceducationbecauseitcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticularfield.mainsentenceadverbialclauseofcauseExploringtherulescompound-complexsentenceTwoormorecoordinatedindependentclauseswithatleastonecomplexclausemakeacompound-complexsentence.

Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“l(fā)earnbydoing”and“l(fā)earnthroughtrialanderror”,andthenfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.Exploringtherules賓語從句Matcheachsentencewiththecorrecttypeinthetablebelow.Writedownthenumbers.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Simplesentence1CompoundsentenceComplexsentenceCompound-complexsentenceExploringtherules23，5，6，8，94，710WorkouttherulesonPage48.Asentenceinwhichbothcoordinationandsubordinationoccuriscalleda_____

sentence.Identifyinglinkingwordsanddeterminingthefunctionsofclausesarehelpfulinanalysingcomplicatedsentences.Exploringtherulescompound-complexApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperlinkingwords.1.Iwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay.Idecidedtofinishintwodays.IwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenIwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay,

Idecidedtofinishintwodaysso

thatIwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.2.Patrickwasacollegestudent.Heworkedpart-timeinacompany.Hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenPatrickwasacollegestudent,

heworkedpart-timeinacompanybecause

hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.Applyingtherules3.

Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace.Moststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwith

trainingintheworkplace,asaresultofwhichmoststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingof

theirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.ApplyingtherulesB2ThepassagebelowisaboutLeon’sexperienceofvocationaleducationinGermany.Completeitwithproperlinkingwords.Leonwantedtobecomeanelectrician,(1)_____________likemanyyoungGermanstudents,hedecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.InGermany,(2)_______________someonewantstobecomeanelectrician,aphotographerorahotelmanager,theywillprobablygothroughthevocationaleducationsystemwhichcombinestheoryintheclassroomwithpracticeintheworkplace.Leonchosetoworkatanelectricalcompany(3)______________hehadtospendthreedaysaweek.Healsohadtoattendschoolfor12hoursaweek.Atwork,Leonlearntabouthistrade,whichinvolvedmuchdrilling,andhekeptadetailedjournalofthenewskillshewhether/ifandwhereApplyingtherulesacquired.Atschool,heattendedclassesrelevanttohischosenoccupation.Theseincludedlessons(4)______________focusedontopicslikeelectricalcircuits.Thecompanyandtheschooloperatedindependentlyofeachother(5)_____________Leonhadtoshowhisgradestohismanageratwork.Overthecourseofhisstudies,Leonhadtopasstwoexams.Onewastohighlightanygapsinhisknowledge.TheotherwasthefinalexamLeonsattogainthenecessaryqualificationstobecomeanelectrician.Leongraduatedafterdemonstratingtheappropriatelevelofunderstandingandtechnicalcompetence,(6)____________henowanticipatesalongandhappycareerasanelectrician.

that/whichbut/andand/so1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceApplyingtherulesB3Ingroupsofthree,onestudentstartsastoryonthetopicoflearningwithasimplesentence.Thesecondstudentaddsaclausetomakeacompoundorcomplexsentence.Thethirdstudentaddsanotherclausetomakeacompound-complexsentence.Taketurnstocontinuethestory.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.A:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:...ExampleApplyingtherulesA:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady,andsomethingunexpectedhappened.A:Iwasreadingabook.B:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting.C:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting,butthisoldladyaskedtohavealookatthebook.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Igavetheoldladythebook.B:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar.C:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar,soIaskedifshelivedinmyneighbourhood.A:Theoldladysmiledatme.B:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebook.C:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebookaftershehadaquicklook.A:Icontinuedreadingthebook.B:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentrate.C:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentratebecauseIfeltIknewwhotheoldladywas.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Ifinishedreading.B:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation.C:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation,andIgotagreatshock.A:Theauthorwastheoldlady.B:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow.C:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow,butImissedararechancetotalkwithher.Sample1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceLanguagePoints1.“Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandoffering

hands-ontrainingintheworkplace.”1)occupation—occupy—occupied被占用的；被侵占的；忙的2)occupyoneselfwith/doingsth→beoccupiedwith/doingsth忙于...3)underoccupation被占領(lǐng)，在占領(lǐng)下4)choo