Unit4NevertoooldGrammarandusage課件高中英語(yǔ)譯林版(2020)選擇性

新牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修四Unit4Nervertoooldtolearn

GrammarandUsage◆Simplesentences(簡(jiǎn)單句)◆Compoundsentences(并列句)◆Complexsentences(復(fù)合句)◆

Compound-complexsentence(并列復(fù)合句)Focuson基本結(jié)構(gòu)AnalysisofcomplicatedsentencesReadandpointouttheirsentencepatterns.Allofuslaughed!Imissmygrandma.Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.Hetoldusafunnystory.Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.Hetalkedtoomuch.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

(SV)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

(SVO)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)

(SVP)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)

(SVOO)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)

(SVA)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(SVOA)Asimplesentencecontainsa_________anda________.ObserveandsaysubjectverbSimplesentence(簡(jiǎn)單句)對(duì)下列句子的成份進(jìn)行劃分Thingschanged.Treesaregreen.Wedon’tbeatchildren.Hegavehissisterthepiano.Ifoundthebookeasy.簡(jiǎn)單句含有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。有時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)單句中包含賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，使得句子變得很長(zhǎng)。要準(zhǔn)確地理解句子，需要理清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，找到主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。1.

介詞短語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。Incommunication,asmileisusuallyastrongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude.在交流時(shí)，微笑通常是表達(dá)友好和開放的態(tài)度的強(qiáng)烈信號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)Withnewtechnology,picturesofunderwatervalleyscanbetakenincolor.用新的科技，水底的山谷能被拍出彩色照片。狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句2.

非謂語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ)，在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。________(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.在一部新電影中，安迪被給予了一個(gè)重要角色，獲得了一個(gè)出名的機(jī)會(huì)。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國(guó)建成了越來(lái)越多的公路，這使得人們從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方旅游變得容易多了。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)MoreTVprogrammeswillbeproduced_________(raise)people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.還要制作更多的電視節(jié)目以提高對(duì)食品安全的關(guān)注。不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)Offeredmakingtoraise簡(jiǎn)單句3.

形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作修飾語(yǔ)，在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。Surprisedandhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.托尼既驚訝又高興，站起來(lái)接受了獎(jiǎng)品。作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Afterschool,heattendedclasses________(relate)tohischosenoccupation.放學(xué)后，他參加了與他選擇的職業(yè)有關(guān)的課程。作定語(yǔ)Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some________(have)alifespanofaround20years.蝙蝠是壽命長(zhǎng)得驚人的生物，有些能生存約20年。4.

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作修飾語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog___________(follow)them.這對(duì)老夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后在公園散步，他們的寵物狗跟著他們。relevanthavingfollowingCompoundsentence(并列句)Readthefollowingsentences.Circlethelinkingwordsandunderlinethemainclauses.1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.由并列連詞或其他并列手段連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句而成的句子叫作并列句?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句?！癰ut”表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系不同的并列連詞表示并列分句之間的不同關(guān)系。1.TheInternetisusefulandweuseitalot.2.ShallIsendthebooktoyou,orwillyoucometogetit?3.Ihavetravelledtomanyplaces,butIstillwanttovisitmore.4.Theyhavedifferentideas,sotheyhavesolvedtheproblemindifferentways.5.Don'tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,oryoucouldhaveproblems.“and”表并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的并列連詞有:and,both…and…,aswellas,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等?！皁r”表選擇關(guān)系表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞有:but,yet,whereas,while等。表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞有:or,orelse,otherwise,either…or…,not…but…等?！皊o”表因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:so,for,thus,therefore等。“or”表結(jié)果關(guān)系表示條件或結(jié)果的常用句型有:祈使句+and/or+陳述句并列句Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,_____youarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.有多達(dá)五門的課程，并且你可以任意選擇最適合你的一門。1.

并列關(guān)系

常用的連詞有and（并且），when（就在這時(shí)），notonly...

but(also)...（不僅……而且……），neither...nor...（既不……也不……）等。NotonlydoesshespeakSpanish,_____she’salsogoodatcomputers.她不僅會(huì)說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)，還精通計(jì)算機(jī)。并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或更多的分句構(gòu)成的句子，常見的并列連詞有and，or，but等。要準(zhǔn)確理解并列句，需要找到并列連詞并弄清楚各分句之間的關(guān)系。notonly后的分句要部分倒裝andbut并列句Thistimewereallyneedtosucceed,_______peoplewillstartgivingusfunnylooks.這次我們真的需要成功，否則人們會(huì)開始用異樣的眼光看我們。2.

選擇關(guān)系

常用的連詞有or（或者，否則），otherwise（否則），or

else（否則），either…or…（要么……要么……）。Eitherhecouldnotcome_____hedidnotwantto.他要么是不能來(lái)，要么就是不想來(lái)。Don’tstartgivingmeproblems;___________I’llhavetobeveryunpleasantindeed.不要開始給我找麻煩，否則我就不客氣了。orelseotherwiseor并列句There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery______anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.無(wú)從知曉為何一個(gè)人會(huì)有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)而另一個(gè)似乎同樣聰慧的人卻沒(méi)能做到。3.

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

常用的連詞有but（但是），while（然而），yet（可是）等。She’dlivedinLondonandManchester,_____shelikedneitherandmovedtoCambridge.她原來(lái)住在倫敦和曼徹斯特，但這兩個(gè)地方她都不喜歡，所以她搬到了劍橋。I’vebeenawayonlyforthreeyears,_____Icanhardlyrecognizemyhometown.我僅在外三年，可我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出我自己的故鄉(xiāng)了。while

butyet并列句Theresearchlackssolidevidence,_____itsconclusionsaredoubtful.這項(xiàng)研究缺乏可靠的證據(jù)，因此，它的結(jié)論值得懷疑。4.

因果關(guān)系常用的連詞有for（因?yàn)椋┖蛃o（所以，因此）等。Welistenedeagerly,_____hebroughtnewsofourfamilies.我們急不可待地聽著，因?yàn)樗麕?lái)了我們家人的消息。for意為“因?yàn)椤?，for引導(dǎo)的分句是對(duì)前面分句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。sofor特殊并列連詞及并列句1.when可用作并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)、那時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(1)“beabouttodosth.when...”意為“正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……”；我正要上床睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)電話突然響起。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthephonerang.(2)“beonthepointofdoingsth.when...”意為“正要做某事，這時(shí)突然…”；(3)“bedoingsth.when...”意為“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”；(4)“had(just/already)donesth.when...”意為“剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然…”。2.“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”，有時(shí)祈使句部分也可用名詞短語(yǔ)，表?xiàng)l件或結(jié)果。Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebutton______ahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅摁一下這個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會(huì)給你所需要的幫助。Startoutrightaway,____

we'llmissthefirsttrain.立刻出發(fā)，否則的話，我們將要錯(cuò)過(guò)首班車。andor并列連詞的考查主要集中在“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”、and表示并列、yet/but表示轉(zhuǎn)折、or表示選擇、so表示因果、while表示對(duì)比、when表示“突然”等方面。Complexsentence(復(fù)合句)Readthefollowingsentences.Marktheclauses,andidentifythetypesoftheclauses.1.Whatsurprisedmemostwashiswayofspeaking.

2.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.3.Ifeltthatshehadastrongwill.4.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.5.TheletterthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.6.Asshehadapassionforwalking,westartedoffonfoot.

主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句（原因）狀語(yǔ)從句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句合成的句子叫作復(fù)合句。從句可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，即從句可為定從、狀從和名詞性從句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句=簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句Hetoldme

thenews.賓語(yǔ)thatthematchhadbeencancelled.賓語(yǔ)從句howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.whenhewasleavingforParis.Thatsurprisedthepeople

intheroom.主語(yǔ)Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerWhathesaidwhathedid定語(yǔ)whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句=簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句=簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句That

isthefact.what

heneeds.whathegaveme.why

hewaslate.because

hewasill.what

hashappened.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句=簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句Heworked

inthatfactory地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Hisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.whereIlivedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)whenhelivedthereHelivedtherethreeyearsago.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句=簡(jiǎn)單句+從屬連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句Putthebook

onthedesk.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)whereitwas.where

youfoundit.whereyoutookit.用所給連詞連接句子Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoYork.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(條件)We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Compound-complexsentence(并列復(fù)合句)Readthefollowingsentence.Circlethelinkingwordandunderlinethemainclauses,thenmarktheclauses.Manymenwhospendtheirworkinglifeinthecitydevotetheirweekendstovoluntarytoilintheirgardens,andwhenthespringcomes,theyexperienceallthejoyofhavingcreatedbeauty.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列的分句，其中一個(gè)或多個(gè)又是主從復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，這種句子被稱為并列復(fù)合句。定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句ApplyingtherulessimplesentenceAsentencethatonlyhasoneindependentclause.Itcontainsonesubjectandoneverb.Itcanexpressacompleteidea.

Vocationaleducationisnotanewidea.subjectlinkverb(系動(dòng)詞）Exploringtherulescompoundsentenceasentencemadefromtwoindependentsentencesjoinedby“and”,“or”,or“but”.

Intoday'srapidlydevelopingsociety,vocationaleducationisbecomingmoreandmorevaluableanditgivesapplicantanadvantageinthejobmarket.twoindependentsentencesExploringtherulescomplexsentenceAcomplexsentencecontainsamainpartandoneormoreotherparts.Vocationaleducationisnolessimportantthanacademiceducationbecauseitcanqualifyapplicantstoworkinaparticularfield.mainsentenceadverbialclauseofcauseExploringtherulescompound-complexsentenceTwoormorecoordinatedindependentclauseswithatleastonecomplexclausemakeacompound-complexsentence.

Accordingtoonevocationalschoolstudent,theyarenowencouragedto“l(fā)earnbydoing”and“l(fā)earnthroughtrialanderror”,andthenfocusmoreonhowtocompleteanassignmentratherthanjustmemorizingwhatteacherssayinclass.Exploringtherules賓語(yǔ)從句Matcheachsentencewiththecorrecttypeinthetablebelow.Writedownthenumbers.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Simplesentence1CompoundsentenceComplexsentenceCompound-complexsentenceExploringtherules23，5，6，8，94，710WorkouttherulesonPage48.Asentenceinwhichbothcoordinationandsubordinationoccuriscalleda_____

sentence.Identifyinglinkingwordsanddeterminingthefunctionsofclausesarehelpfulinanalysingcomplicatedsentences.Exploringtherulescompound-complexApplyingtherulesB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperlinkingwords.1.Iwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay.Idecidedtofinishintwodays.IwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenIwasaskedtowritea2,000-wordessay,

Idecidedtofinishintwodaysso

thatIwouldhavetimetoreaditbeforeIhandeditin.2.Patrickwasacollegestudent.Heworkedpart-timeinacompany.Hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhenPatrickwasacollegestudent,

heworkedpart-timeinacompanybecause

hewantedtopayforhiscollegeeducation.Applyingtherules3.

Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwithtrainingintheworkplace.Moststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingoftheirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thevocationaleducationsystemoftencombinesclassroomlearningwith

trainingintheworkplace,asaresultofwhichmoststudentsgraduatenotonlywithaclearunderstandingof

theirtradebutalsowithworkexperience.ApplyingtherulesB2ThepassagebelowisaboutLeon’sexperienceofvocationaleducationinGermany.Completeitwithproperlinkingwords.Leonwantedtobecomeanelectrician,(1)_____________likemanyyoungGermanstudents,hedecidednottogotouniversitybuttochooseavocationaltrainingcourseinstead.InGermany,(2)_______________someonewantstobecomeanelectrician,aphotographerorahotelmanager,theywillprobablygothroughthevocationaleducationsystemwhichcombinestheoryintheclassroomwithpracticeintheworkplace.Leonchosetoworkatanelectricalcompany(3)______________hehadtospendthreedaysaweek.Healsohadtoattendschoolfor12hoursaweek.Atwork,Leonlearntabouthistrade,whichinvolvedmuchdrilling,andhekeptadetailedjournalofthenewskillshewhether/ifandwhereApplyingtherulesacquired.Atschool,heattendedclassesrelevanttohischosenoccupation.Theseincludedlessons(4)______________focusedontopicslikeelectricalcircuits.Thecompanyandtheschooloperatedindependentlyofeachother(5)_____________Leonhadtoshowhisgradestohismanageratwork.Overthecourseofhisstudies,Leonhadtopasstwoexams.Onewastohighlightanygapsinhisknowledge.TheotherwasthefinalexamLeonsattogainthenecessaryqualificationstobecomeanelectrician.Leongraduatedafterdemonstratingtheappropriatelevelofunderstandingandtechnicalcompetence,(6)____________henowanticipatesalongandhappycareerasanelectrician.

that/whichbut/andand/so1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceApplyingtherulesB3Ingroupsofthree,onestudentstartsastoryonthetopicoflearningwithasimplesentence.Thesecondstudentaddsaclausetomakeacompoundorcomplexsentence.Thethirdstudentaddsanotherclausetomakeacompound-complexsentence.Taketurnstocontinuethestory.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.A:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:...ExampleApplyingtherulesA:Ioftenvisitthelibrary.B:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary.C:BecauseIlovereading,Ioftenvisitthelibrary,andIenjoygoingtobookshopstoo.A:Oneday,Imetanoldlady.B:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady.C:Oneday,whenIwenttoabookshop,Imetanoldlady,andsomethingunexpectedhappened.A:Iwasreadingabook.B:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting.C:IwasreadingabookthatIfoundinteresting,butthisoldladyaskedtohavealookatthebook.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Igavetheoldladythebook.B:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar.C:Igavetheoldladythebookandrealizedherfacelookedfamiliar,soIaskedifshelivedinmyneighbourhood.A:Theoldladysmiledatme.B:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebook.C:Theoldladysmiledatmeandshegavemebackthebookaftershehadaquicklook.A:Icontinuedreadingthebook.B:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentrate.C:Icontinuedreadingthebook,butIcouldnotconcentratebecauseIfeltIknewwhotheoldladywas.SampleApplyingtherulesA:

Ifinishedreading.B:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation.C:ThemomentIfinishedreading,Iquicklycheckedthetitlepagefortheauthorinformation,andIgotagreatshock.A:Theauthorwastheoldlady.B:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow.C:TheauthorwastheoldladyImetjustnow,butImissedararechancetotalkwithher.Sample1.Meanwhile,thecomposerswrotethemusicalscoresafterworkingoutthetunes,andthesongs_____________(write)inseven-characterorten-characterline.2.AfteraJ-15lands,_____________sheneedstodoistocarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandruntothefightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquickinstallation.3.WangYaping,whowasassistedbytheothertwocrewmembers,_____________(conduct)severalscientificexperiments.werewrittenwhatconducted4.CoubertinchosethesixofficialOlypiccolors—blue,yellow,black,greenandwhite—becausewhenheintroducedthesymbolin1913,everysingleflagofthenations_____________(participate)inthegamescouldbereproducedusingthecolorsintheOlympicsymbol.5.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat____________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand___________(reduce)inconsistenciesinmanagement.participatingwere(to)reduceLanguagePoints1.“Itgenerallypreparespeopletoworkinaspecificoccupationbyteachingtheoryintheclassroomandoffering

hands-ontrainingintheworkplace.”1)occupation—occupy—occupied被占用的；被侵占的；忙的2)occupyoneselfwith/doingsth→beoccupiedwith/doingsth忙于...3)underoccupation被占領(lǐng)，在占領(lǐng)下4)choo